1、考研英语模拟试卷 347 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk Or talk? The first time you【C1】_thunder or watched a televisi
2、on program? Adults seldom【C2】_events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four【C3】_retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been【C4】_by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“ (儿童失忆症). One argues that the h
3、ippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature【C5】_about the age of two. But the most popular theory【C6 】_that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot【C7 】_childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like storie
4、s or【C8】_one event follows【C9 】_as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental【C10】_for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fits the【C11】_Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of
5、 the New York State University offers a new【C12 】_for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply【C13】_any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use【C14】_spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickl
6、y【C15】_impressions of them into long-term memories. In other【C16】_, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about【C17】_Mother talking about the afternoon【C18】_looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this【C19 】_reinforcem
7、ent, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form【C20】_memories of their personal experiences.1 【C1 】（A）listened（B） felt（C） touched（D）heard2 【C2 】（A）involve（B） interpret（C） recall（D）resolve3 【C3 】（A）largely（B） rarely（C） merely（D）really4 【C4 】（A）canceled（B） figured（C） proposed（D）witnessed5 【C5 】（A）until（B） o
8、nce（C） after（D）since6 【C6 】（A）magnifies（B） intervenes（C） contains（D）maintains7 【C7 】（A）reflect（B） attain（C） access（D）refer8 【C8 】（A）narratives（B） forecasts（C） regulations（D）descriptions9 【C9 】（A）the rest（B） another（C） the other（D）others10 【C10 】（A）outputs（B） dreams（C） flashes（D）files11 【C11 】（A）foot
9、step（B） pattern（C） frame（D）landscape12 【C12 】（A）emphasis（B） arrangement（C） explanation（D）factor13 【C13 】（A）arent（B） werent（C） isnt（D）wasnt14 【C14 】（A）anyone else（B） anyone elses（C） some else（D）someone elses15 【C15 】（A）forgotten（B） remembered（C） forgetting（D）remembering16 【C16 】（A）senses（B） cases（C）
10、words（D）means17 【C17 】（A）him（B） theirs（C） it（D）them18 【C18 】（A）used（B） chosen（C） taken（D）spent19 【C19 】（A）habitual（B） verbal（C） pretty（D）mutual20 【C20 】（A）permanent（B） conscious（C） subordinate（D）spiritualPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosin
11、g A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art
12、 museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors.Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with foresight might see an alarming rise
13、in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The publics changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increas
14、ingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level
15、, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were d
16、eveloped by government planners, especially in the military, when the post-World War atomic age made it critical to “think about the unthinkable“ and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the: RAND Corporation (the first “think tank“) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge
17、in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about
18、 what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events (sudden developments or one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shifts in such things as population, land use, technology, and governmental systems).Using these techniqu
19、es and many others, futurists now can tell us many things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continuing expansion in the worlds population. Other events are viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely important if they do occur, such as an asteroid co
20、lliding with the planet.21 Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of（A）new products and services.（B） an increase in minority populations.（C） stocking more foods with ethnic tastes.（D）the art museum director.22 Which of the following may be regarded as potential crises?（A）An alarming ris
21、e in local housing prices.（B） The availability of skilled workers in the region.（C） The lack of skilled workers in the region.（D）The publics changing values and priorities.23 All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT（A）government administrators.（B） scho
22、ol officials.（C） school students and teachers.（D）government planners.24 According to the text, the most important thing for the futurists to grasp is（A）the future world.（B） the present world.（C） what is happening now.（D）the world trends.25 The best title for the passage may be（A）The Use of Foresight
23、.（B） How to Exercise Foresight.（C） Foresight in Business and Government.（D）The Best-known Techniques for Foresight.26 The Inland Revenue on Thursday accused the British film industry of abusing government aid, with every production of recent years deliberately over-claiming tax relief.Revenue offici
24、als called in about 20 members of the film industry and warned them of severe consequences if the “exploitation“ of tax-relief schemes did not immediately stop.The move, which affects the including low- to high-budget film-makers and financiers, is the latest in a series of attempts by the Revenue t
25、o clamp down on tax loopholes in an attempt to raise more money for the Exchequer.But the film industry responded on Thursday night, saying the Revenue could drive productions overseas and would confuse investors.A series of tax relief schemes, introduced in 1997, enables those involved in the finan
26、cing of qualifying British-made films to claim the costs of production against future income. The schemes have become popular with investors seeking a tax shelter, with an estimated 400m invested in the schemes in 1997 rising to about 2bn last year.But the Revenue said the industry was exploiting ru
27、les on tax relief by “double-dipping“, that is, by claiming relief more than once against a single piece of expenditure. While not illegal, the Revenue said, the industry was “not playing fair“. It said double-dipping was “against the spirit“ of legislation designed to encourage investment in the Br
28、itish film industry.The Revenue said the practice of double-dipping was “virtually universal“, with “every qualifying film it had seen financed on the basis of double-dipping“. It warned it would “take all steps to counter such abuse including, where necessary, advising ministers on introducing legi
29、slation to put matters beyond doubt“.“Both the Revenue and the government are becoming increasingly exasperated at the extent to which some parts of the industry are exploiting the film reliefs,“ the Revenue said. “The government remains committed to encouraging film production in the UK through use
30、 of the reliefs in the way in which the legislation allowsbut this does not extend to deliberate exploitation of those reliefs.“Large film financiers said on Thursday night that the Revenues action could undermine growth prospects for the British film industry.Peter James, managing director of Movis
31、ion Entertainment, which has produced 16 British-made films in recent years, including the soon-to-be released “Merchant of Venice“, said while the effect of the Revenues clamp down would not be “devastating“, it could drive many independent film-makers overseas.Industry observers said on Thursday t
32、he Revenues move was likely to confuse investors, who have been accustomed to the benefits of double-dipping.26 We can learn from the first three paragraphs that_.（A）film-makers turn to the government for financial help（B） several actions have been taken to stop tax evasion（C） officials have phoned
33、up many film-makers to protest（D）more tax relief is needed to keep the industry going27 According to the text, tax relief schemes were intended to_.（A）attract more investment into the film industry（B） ensure the interests of investors against losses（C） check the rise of film production expenditures（
34、D）prevent the invasion of overseas film-makers28 The Revenues last resort in solving the problem seems to be _.（A）removing tax relief（B） protesting more loudly（C） warning last time（D）making new laws29 In the last three paragraphs, the writer intends to show _.（A）the disappointment of the film indust
35、ry at Revenues decision（B） the state of worry in the minds of film investors（C） the reactions to the Revenues move of parties concerned（D）the way out of the present difficult situation30 Which of*the following is the best title of the text?（A）Film-makers Accused of Abusing Aid（B） Problems with the F
36、ilm Industry（C） Inland Revenues Actions（D）A Clash: Revenue vs. Film Industry31 Can this be the right time to invest in luxury goods? Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails. The granddaughter of the founder of the Italian fashion group has just opened spectacular new stores in quick succession
37、in New York and London. With its magic mirrors, silver displays and computer-controlled changing rooms, Pradas two-month-old shop in Manhattan cost a staggering $40m, sits just a mile from Ground Zero, and sells practically nothing.The luxury-goods business has been in despair in hasty succession ag
38、ainst a background of a weakening global economy, an enduring slump in Japanese spending, and the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Japanese, who used to buy a third of the worlds luxury goods, cut their foreign travel in half after the attacks and tightened their Louis Vuitton purse-strings. At
39、 the same time, wealthy Americans stopped flying, which has a dramatic effect on the luxury-goods purveyors of London, Paris and Rome.At home too, Americans attitudes to luxury changed, at least temporarily. “Conspicuous abstention“ replaced greedy consumerism among the fast-growing, younger breed o
40、f newly rich. The decline in job security, the lower bonuses in financial services, and the stock market bust that wiped out much of the paper wealth generated in the late 1990s, bred a new frugality. Sales of expensive jewelry, watches and handbagsthe products that make the juiciest profits for the
41、 big luxury-goods groupsdropped sharply.The impact has been most striking among the handful of large, quoted luxury-goods companies. Frances Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH), the industry leader, issued four profits warnings after September 11th and ended up reporting a 20% decline in operating pr
42、ofit for 2001, after having repeatedly promised its investors double-digit growth; and Italys Gucci Group, the third largest, announced this week that second-half profits dropped by 33%. Meanwhile, privately held Prada had to postpone its stock market flotation and was forced to sell a recently acqu
43、ired stake in Fendi, a prestigious Italian bag maker, in order to reduce its debts.Luxury is an unusual business. A luxury brand cannot be extended indefinitely: if it becomes too common, it is devalued, as Pierre Cardin and Ralph Lauren proved by sticking their labels on everything from T-shirts to
44、 paint. Equally, a brand name can be undermined if it is not advertised consistently, or if it is displayed and sold poorly. Sagra Maceira de Rosen, a luxury-goods analyst at J.P. Morgan, argues that, “Luxury companies are primarily retailers. In retailing, the most important thing is execution, and
45、 execution is all about management. You may have the best designed product, but if you dont get it into the right kind of shop at the right time, you will fail“.31 By “Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails“ (Paragraph 1), the author means（A）Prada is in a desperate situation.（B） Prada had her
46、shop well-furnished.（C） Prada is always in her bad habit.（D）Prada spent much on her new shop.32 Which of the following can best describe the consumption of luxury goods in the present situation?（A）Outrage.（B） Lavishness.（C） Restraint.（D）Indulgence.33 It can inferred from the text that（A）Excessive ad
47、vertisement resulted in the failure of Pradas investment.（B） Luxury companies must give thought to the impact of terrorist attacks.（C） Execution is nothing but an auxiliary part of business management.（D）Outsiders always hold some misconceptions of luxury-goods business.34 When mentioning “double-di
48、git growth“ (Paragraph 4), the author is talking about（A）estimated assets of new stores.（B） operating profits in luxury business.（C） paper wealth in stock market.（D）funding raised from new acquisitions.35 To which of the following is the author likely to agree?（A）Opening new stores, on the horizon.（
49、B） More ventures bring more rewards.（C） Tight the belt, the single remedy.（D）Not every business yields benefits.36 For years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So why arent online customers happier?Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost flat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a consulting and
