1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 113 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Women often【1】that dating is like a cattle【2 】, and a paper just published in Biology Letters by Thomas Pollet and Daniel Nettle o
2、f Newcastle University, in England, suggests they are【3】. They have little cause for complaint, however, because the paper also suggests that in this particular market, it is【4】who are the buyers. Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle were looking for【5】to support the contention that women choose men of【6】statu
3、s and resources, as well as good looks. That may sound common sense, but it was often【7】by social scientists until a group of researchers who called themselves evolutionary psychologists started investigating the matter two decades ago. Since then, a series of experiments in laboratories have suppor
4、ted the contention. But as all zoologists know,【8】can only tell you so much. Eventually, you have to look at【9】populations. And that is what Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle have done. They have examined data from the 19t0 census of the United States of America and discovered that marriage is, indeed, a ma
5、rket. Moreover, as in any market, a【10】of buyers means the sellers have to have particularly attractive goods on【11】if they are to make the exchange. The advantage of picking 1910 was that America had not yet settled down, demographically speaking. Though the long-colonized eastern states had a sex【
6、12】of one man to one woman, or thereabouts, in the rest of the country the old adage “go west, young man“ had resulted in a【13】of males. Mr. Pollet and Dr Nettle were thus able to see just how picky women are,【14】the chance. 【15】looking at the whole census, the two researchers relied on a sample of
7、one person in 250. They then【16】the men in the sample a socioeconomic status score between zero and 96, on a scale drawn up in 1950 (which was as close to 1910 as they could get). They showed that in states where the sexes were equal in number, 56% of low status men were married by the age of 30,【17
8、】60% of high status men were. Even in this case, then, there are women who would prefer to remain【18】rather than marry a deadbeat. When there were 110 men for every 100 women (as, for example, in Arizona), the women got really【19】. In that case only 24% of low-status men were married by 30 compared
9、with 46% of high-status men. As the men went west, then, so did their【 20】opportunities. （A）discuss（B） argue（C） complain（D）consider （A）house（B） market（C） farm（D）factory （A）right（B） wrong（C） insane（D）happy （A）men（B） parents（C） couples（D）women （A）samples（B） evidence（C） stories（D）people （A）right（B） low
10、（C） high（D）appropriate （A）supported（B） denied（C） discussed（D）required （A）evidence（B） samples（C） experiments（D）movies （A）natural（B） black（C） native（D）foreign （A）sufficiency（B） number（C） population（D）scarcity （A）sale（B） offer（C） bargain（D）discount （A）pattern（B） structure（C） ratio（D）map （A）surplus（B） s
11、hortage（C） ratio（D）reinforcement （A）if（B） should（C） unless（D）given （A）Without（B） Rather than（C） Failing to（D）Required to （A）conducted（B） searched（C） discussed（D）assigned （A）while（B） and（C） but（D）when （A）married（B） single（C） divorced（D）widow （A）serious（B） choosy（C） tolerant（D）casual （A）divorce（B） rep
12、roduction（C） marriage（D）death Grammar21 Frankly speaking, Id rather you _anything about it for the time being.（A）didnt do（B） havent do（C） dont do（D）have done22 A suitcase with shirt, trousers and shoes_stolen from the car.（A）have been（B） has been（C） are（D）was23 _the explosion occurred was that the l
13、aboratory attendant had been careless.（A）That（B） What（C） Why（D）How24 If not_with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.（A）being treated（B） treated（C） be treated（D）having been treated25 Why are you staring? Ive never seen _ tree before.（A）kind of（B） th
14、at kind of（C） such kind（D）such26 Ann never dreams of_for her to be sent abroad very soon.（A）there being a chance（B） there to be a chance（C） there be a chance（D）being a chance27 John seems a nice person. _, I dont trust him.（A）Even though（B） Even so（C） Therefore（D）Though28 Theres a man at the recepti
15、on desk who seems very angry and I think he means_ trouble.（A）making（B） to make（C） to have made（D）having made29 He couldnt say what it was_bothered him.（A）it（B） which（C） that（D）as30 All the Presidents Men_one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.（A）remain（B） remains（
16、C） remained（D）is remainingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 “The essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism“, remarked Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, “must be the same as those which constitute a good neighbo
17、ur, namely mutual understanding and a sympathetic appreciation of the others point of view.“ That is advice which the United States would do well to heed in its relations with its immediate neighbours, Canada and Mexico. Most Americans may not be aware of it, but frustrations and resentments are bui
18、lding just across their borders to both south and north.Of course, neighbourly ties in North America are closer than in Roosevelts day. Under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), trade among the three countries has more than doubled since 1994 and cross-border investment climbed even fas
19、ter. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the United States moved quickly to sign “smart border“ agreements with both Canada and Mexico, to try to ensure that the demands of security did not interrupt trade. By the standards of much of the 20th century, political ties be
20、tween the United States and Mexico are warm. Yet go to either border and you wouldnt know all this. Fed up with the flow of illegal migrants from the south, the governors of Arizona and New Mexico this month declared a state of emergency. Violence between drug gangs recently led the United States te
21、mporarily to close its consulate in Nuevo Laredo, the busiest border-crossing point. The American ambassador bluntly criticises Mexico for its failure to prevent drug-related violence along the border. That has prompted retaliatory verbal blasts from Mexican officials. Canadas mood is not much more
22、cordial. Since September 11th, Canadians and Americans alike have become less keen on popping over what they liked to call “ the worlds longest undefended border“ for shopping or recreation. Canadians increasingly disagree with Americans over matters as varied as the Iraq war and gay marriage. They
23、are disillusioned with NAFTA, claiming it has failed to prevent the United States from unlawfully punishing their exports of, for example, lumber. So what? Friction is in the nature of international relations, and the problems on the northern border are different from those in the south. Yet there i
24、s a common denominator. Americans tend to see security, migration, drugs, even trade, as domestic political issues. But so they are for Canada and Mexico too. Like it or not, Americans rely on their neighbours for prosperity, energy and help with security. It behoves all three countries to show some
25、 “sympathetic understanding“. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）the essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism were defined by Franklin Roosevelt（B） mutual understanding is one of the most far-reaching elements in North America（C） few Americans may be aware of otherspoint of
26、 view（D）Americas friendship with Canada and Mexico risks going sour32 Political relationship is discussed in the text so as to_.（A）illustrate Canadas cordial mood toward Mexico and America（B） interpret the improved neighbourly ties in North America（C） foretell the prospect of international relations
27、（D）gauge the flow of illegal migrants from Mexico33 The term “the south“ in the third paragraph most probably refers to_.（A）the Southern part of America（B） Mexico（C） the Southern hemisphere（D）the South Africa34 According to the text, America and Canada have yet to reach consensus on_.（A）lumber expor
28、t（B） the Iraq reconstruction（C） homo marriage（D）defense of the worlds longest border35 In the last paragraph of the text, the author intends to define_.（A）the friction of the northern border（B） the significance of international ties（C） the difference between Canadians and Mexicans（D）the importance o
29、f being good neighbours36 “We mustnt delay any longer, swallowing is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too, we mustnt delay any longer.“These were the words of Dutchman. Cees Van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disea
30、se, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Ne
31、therlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under s
32、trict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doc
33、tor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees Van Wendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question:“Well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd o
34、f people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats a very different thing.“Many people, though, are totally against the practice of eut
35、hanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that “In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or
36、familytheres nearly always another question behind the question.“Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospital which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, president of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that
37、 euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that th
38、ey are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.“Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respect
39、ed, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental fight to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill,
40、we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Wendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had
41、only her husbands interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the-case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.36 What does euthanasia mean?（A）A way of killing oneself（B）
42、 A way of ending a patients life naturally（C） The painless killing of people who are incurably ill or very old（D）A murder by the doctor37 How many countries in Europe permit euthanasia?（A）All countries except Holland（B） Only two（C） None（D）Only one38 When euthanasia is carried out in the Netherlands,
43、 the doctor_.（A）can do it according to his own experience（B） should follow the guidelines presented by the Parliament（C） can do it according to patients requests（D）can adopt the advice of the patients family members39 Who is against euthanasia?_.（A）Dr. wilfred Van Qijen（B） Dr. Andrew Ferguson（C） Cic
44、ely Saunders（D）Both B and C40 According to those who oppose euthanasia, Cees Van Wendels case_.（A）is a good example（B） is a very valuable example（C） is an exceptional example（D）is a convincing example41 Come on, my fellow white folks, we have something to confess. Out with it, friends, the biggest s
45、ecret known to whites since the invention of powdered rouge: welfare is a white program. The numbers go like this: 61% of the population receiving welfare, listed as “means-tested cash assistance“ by the Census Bureau, is identified as white, while only 33% is identified as black. These numbers notw
46、ithstanding, the Republican version of “political correctness“ has given us “welfare cheat“ as a new term for African American since the early days of Ronald Reagan.Our confession surely stands: white folks have been gobbling up the welfare budget while blaming someone else. But its worse than that.
47、 If we look at Social Security, which is another form of welfare, although it is often mistaken for an individual insurance program, then whites are the ones who are crowding the trough. We receive almost twice as much per capita, for an aggregate advantage to our race of $10 billion a yearmuch more
48、 than the $3.9 billion advantage African American gain from their disproportionate share of welfare. One sad reason: whites live an average of six years longer than African Americans, meaning that young black workers help subsidize a huge and growing “over-class“ of white retirees. I do not see our
49、confession bringing much relief. Theres a reason for resentment, though it has more to do with class than with race. White people are poor too, and in numbers far exceeding any of our more generously pigmented social groups. And poverty as defined by the government is a vast underestimation of the economic terror that persists at incomessuch as $20,000 or even $40,000 and abovethat we like to think of as middle class.The problem is not that we
