1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 118 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 【B1】 this is larg
2、ely because, 【B2】 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【B3 】 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 【B4】 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 【B5】 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【B6】 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capab
3、le of 【B7 】 human smells even when these are 【B8】 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 【B9】 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to gener
4、ate 【B10】 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 【B11】 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 【B12】 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 【B13】 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to
5、 smell seems to be that brain finds it 【B14】 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 【B15】 new receptors if necessary. This may 【B16】 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not 【B17】 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 【
6、B18 】 new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 【B19】 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 【B20】 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1 【B1 】（A）although（B） as（C） but（D）while2 【B2 】（A）above（B） unlike（C） excluding（D）besides3 【B3 】（A）
7、limited（B） committed（C） dedicated（D）confined4 【B4 】（A）catching（B） ignoring（C） missing（D）tracking5 【B5 】（A）anyway（B） though（C） instead（D）therefore6 【B6 】（A）even if（B） if only（C） only if（D）as if7 【B7 】（A）distinguishing（B） discovering（C） determining（D）detecting8 【B8 】（A）diluted（B） dissolved（C） disperse
8、d（D）diffused9 【B9 】（A）when（B） since（C） for（D）whereas10 【B10 】（A）unusual（B） particular（C） unique（D）typical11 【B11 】（A）signs（B） stimuli（C） messages（D）impulses12 【B12 】（A）at first（B） at all（C） at large（D）at times13 【B13 】（A）subjected（B） left（C） drawn（D）exposed14 【B14 】（A）ineffective（B） incompetent（C） i
9、nefficient（D）insufficient15 【B15 】（A）introduce（B） summon（C） trigger（D）create16 【B16 】（A）still（B） also（C） otherwise（D）nevertheless17 【B17 】（A）sure（B） sick（C） aware（D）tired18 【B18 】（A）tolerate（B） repel（C） neglect（D）notice19 【B19 】（A）available（B） reliable（C） identifiable（D）suitable20 【B20 】（A）similar t
10、o（B） such as（C） along with（D）aside fromGrammar21 _born in Chicago, the author is most famous for stories about New York City.（A）Although（B） Since（C） As（D）When22 “You must always obey your parents. “Oh, I must,_.（A）mustnt I（B） must I（C） shouldnt I（D）should 123 Professor Ward hardly ever went to_the t
11、heater.（A）neither the cinema nor（B） either the cinema nor（C） neither the cinema or（D）either the cinema or24 This is the only book_I have on chemistry.（A）what（B） whatsoever（C） which（D）that25 The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than .（A）is necessary（B） being necessary（C） t
12、o be necessary（D）it is necessary26 _ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.（A）As（B） Whether（C） While（D）Now that27 He appeared_with our teams performance.（A）satisfying（B） to be satisfying（C） to satisfy（D）satisfied28 _your opinions are worth
13、considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.（A）As（B） Since（C） Provided（D）While29 My wallet is nowhere to be found. I_it when I was on the bus.（A）must drop（B） had dropped（C） must have dropped（D）should have dropped30 _, our next step is to determine how to carry it
14、out.（A）The plan having been made（B） Making the plan（C） The plan being made（D）Having made the planPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA
15、prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials sayhave been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantanamo
16、 Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions.Many of these menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American liv
17、es“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts“, the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo, as some 770 other suspect
18、ed terrorists have been.Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrad
19、ing treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised it and I will not authorise it“.The pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all
20、forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnelthough not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the Use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “water-boarding“ (simulated drowning)all practices that have been used at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib.S
21、o why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed; because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosec
22、ution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.31 In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of _.（A）hyperbole（B） euphemism（C） black humor（D
23、）stream of consciousness32 Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is _.（A）consent（B） hesitation（C） denial（D）approval33 The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（A）refused（B） dropped（C） dived（D）compromised34 According to the text, the old Army Fi
24、eld Manual lacks _.（A）some forms of degrading treatment of prisoners（B） the trials of time by the CIA（C） torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib（D）specific ban on “water-boarding“35 According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to _.（A）charity impulse（B） economic reces
25、sion（C） domestic booming（D）legal pressure36 People can get emotional about immigration. Bill OReilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous m
26、isdemeanours, Mr. OReilly raged, those girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“.President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the deb
27、ate. He urged the new Democratic Congress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship
28、for the estimated 12m illegals who have already snuck in.The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legio
29、ns of would-be gardeners and hotel cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30%
30、this year.And the controversial part of Mr. Bushs immigration packageallowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legalis still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrat
31、s, like Republicans, are split on the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard-working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born.Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a
32、 bill he can sign. The Senate is expected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them befor
33、e they do.The biggest hurdle, however, may be the Democrats reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there
34、is a selfish as well as a moral argument for making a deal.36 The word “misdemeanours“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by _.（A）severe crimes.（B） homicide.（C） misbehaviors.（D）nonsense doings.37 Which of the following is proposed by Mr. Bush?（A）Making it harder for immigrants to enter America bo
35、th legally and illegally.（B） Carrying out substantial fine for illegals before they can become legal.（C） Setting up more Border Patrol agents by the end of this year.（D）Allowing more immigrants in and offering them a chance to become legal.38 Some Democrats oppose to Ted Kennedy, because they believ
36、e that _.（A）America should encourage the coming of hard-working migrants.（B） hard-working migrants will make the natives enjoy less salary.（C） diligent migrants will snatch more jobs from natives.（D）migrants will undercut the working conditions of the native-born.39 According to the text, Mr. Bushs
37、plan was opposed by _.（A）Bill OReilly.（B） Geraldo Rivera.（C） Ted Kennedy.（D）the pro-immigrant wings.40 The Democrats are hesitant to support Mr. Bush on this issue in that _.（A）the plan will be of no value to the Democrats.（B） this issue involves political competition between parties.（C） they want t
38、o wait for a democratic president to improve the plan.（D）they think it is selfish for Mr. Bush to carry out the plan.41 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-
39、development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the broke up of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earths atmosphere. The disaster has
40、arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a
41、continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss morality an
42、d the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and the
43、ir own ideals that and people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oc
44、eans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature in the crisis confronting usand the worlda crisis that is no pass
45、ing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by-product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life st
46、yle can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation.41 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?（A）Lack of financial planning.（B） The breakup
47、of the family.（C） Natural disasters in many regions.（D）The excessive growth of motors.42 According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?（A）Disregard for law.（B） Lack of devotion.（C） Lack of cooperation.（D）Exploitation of resources.43 By comparing pest problems with present ones
48、, the author draws attention to the_.（A）significance of this crisis（B） inadequacy of governments（C） similarity of the pest to the present（D）hopelessness of the situation44 What contribution does the author feel people must now make?（A）Search for new energy sources.（B） Outlaw motor transportation.（C）
49、 Accept a new life style.（D）Adopt a new form of government.45 The authors purpose to write this passage is to_.（A）call for cooperation of the whole world（B） inform the readers of the fact that we are facing energy crisis（C） recommend a new life style（D）call for devotion to the nature and our future generation45 Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped c
