1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 129 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a te
2、levision program? Adults seldom (1)_ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2)_ children younger than three or four (3)_ retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4)_ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hip
3、po-campus; the region of the brain which is (5)_ for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6)_ that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7)_ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8)
4、_ one event follows (9)_ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10)_ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11)_. Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the
5、New York State University offers a new (12)_ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to (13)_. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14)_ in order to turn their own short-term, quickly
6、forgotten (15)_ of them into long-term memories. In other (16)_, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17)_Mother talking about the afternoon (18)_ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19)_ reinforcemen
7、t, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20)_ memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。（A）figure（B） interpret（C） recall（D）affirm（A）now that（B） even if（C） as though（D）just as（A）largely（B） rarely（C） merely（D）really（A）refuted（B） defied（C） proposed（D）witnessed（A）responsible（
8、B） suitable（C） favorable（D）available（A）declines（B） assesses（C） estimates（D）maintains（A）reflect（B） attain（C） access（D）acquire（A）narratives（B） forecasts（C） communications（D）descriptions（A）the rest（B） another（C） the other（D）others（A）deposits（B） dreams（C） flashes（D）files（A）model（B） pattern（C） frame（D）fo
9、rmula（A）emphasis（B） assertion（C） explanation（D）assumption（A）recall（B） remember（C） reflect（D）respond（A）instincts（B） feelings（C） sensations（D）experiences（A）impressions（B） beliefs（C） minds（D）insights（A）senses（B） cases（C） words（D）aspects（A）him（B） their（C） it（D）them（A）taken（B） utilized（C） applied（D）spent
10、（A）habitual（B） verbal（C） unique（D）particular（A）permanent（B） mental（C） spiritual（D）consciousGrammar21 We in the West acknowledge that Mao was_ purely of Chinese significance_ Marx was purely of German or Lenin of Russian significance.（A）as/as（B） less/than（C） not more/than（D）no more/than22 I decided t
11、o go to the cinema as soon as I_.（A）finish what I did（B） would finish what I was doing（C） finished what I did（D）finished what I was doing23 Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work_, we declined the offer.（A）was not finished（B） has not been finished（C） did not finish（D）n
12、ot having been finished24 Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_to the professor.（A）as far as（B） the same as（C） as much as（D）as long as25 You neednt worry_regards the cost of the operation.（A）with（B） which（C） as（D）about26 _if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know
13、beforehand?（A）Would you be surprised（B） Were you surprised（C） Had you been surprised（D）Would you have been surprised27 _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.（A）That（B） It（C） This（D）As28 Do what you think is right, _the
14、y say.（A）however（B） no matter how（C） whichever（D）whatever29 Since both he and I work in the same hospital, I can hardly avoid_him.（A）being met（B） meeting（C） to be met（D）to meet30 Five minutes earlier, _we could have caught the last train.（A）and（B） but（C） or（D）soPart ADirections: Read the following f
15、our texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The Tapping of Cellular Phone SoftwareElectronic gadgets have changed a great deal in the past few years. Most obviously, they have become smaller sleeker, smarter and more versatile. Billions of people now carry
16、 around tiny devices that are more powerful than the desktop computers of a few years ago. But these gadgets have also changed in a less obvious way. Once they were lumps of hardware brought to life by a layer of software; today they might be more accurately described as services in a box.It was eve
17、r thus with mobile phones, of course: the handset is useless without a network operator, and mobile phones are, in effect, the container in which operators sell their services. But the handset and the network service have hitherto come from different companies. Operators do not manufacture their own
18、 phones, and handset-makers are not operators.But now device-makers are increasingly providing the services that power their devicesor, to look at things the other way around, building devices that encapsulate services they wish to offer. Apples iPod started off as a piece of hardware in 2001, but i
19、t really took off in 2003 when Apple launched the iTunes Music Store, a service that makes it easy for iPod owners to download music, video and games to their devices, and which is now the leading online music retailer.There are several motivations for the gadget-makers shift into services. First, m
20、argins on hardware are generally lower than margins on services. Second, saturated markets in many parts of the world mean that hardware sales are slowing in some categories. Soon, everyone in western Europe who wants a satellite navigation will have bought one; what will the manufacturers do then?
21、Make money from subscriptions and updates, of course. At least, thats the plan. Finally, services provide a way to hold on to customers. If you have signed up for a service tied to a particular gadget-maker, the thinking goes, you are less likely to switch to a different manufacturers device in futu
22、re.The worlds most successful gadget-makers are those that have been quickest to recognize the importance of offering accompanying services. Makers of stand-alone music-players, such as Rio, have been unable to compete with Apple; and Motorola, once the top dog in mobile phones, let RIM, once an obs
23、cure Canadian start-up, grab the mobile e-mail market.With elaborate branding and advertising campaigns, gadget-makers have long promoted the idea that they were selling some-thing more than just a bundle of electronics in a snazzy case. Now, funnily enough, some of them really are.31 What is the fu
24、ndamental change of electronic gadgets?（A）They have been improved in shape and appearance.（B） They have more powerful functions than the desktop.（C） They have less hardware but more software now.（D）They have been integrated with more services now.32 According to the passage, which of the following c
25、an describe the relationship between the handset and network service best?（A）They are independent but intertwined.（B） They are collaborative partners.（C） They are competitive rivals.（D）They are of the mutual benefit.33 According to the passage Apple launched the iTunes Music Store in 2003 to_.（A）app
26、eal to more potential customers who love music（B） meet the infinite needs of its demanding customers（C） power its devices in order to promote market shares（D）make extra profit in new area such as online music retail34 According to the author customers are likely to stick to a particular gadget-maker
27、 if_.（A）they are satisfied with the services provided（B） they have used its former services（C） they are hooked by the services provided（D）they never try services tied to other gadget-makers35 What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（A）Branding and advertising are the main strategy for pushing s
28、ales.（B） Gadget-makers have confronted difficulties in promoting their idea.（C） Some gadget-makers fail to offer services as they have promised.（D）Some gadget-makers are cheating the customers by inferior goods.36 Science Fiction can provide students interested in the future with a basic introductio
29、n to the concept of thinking about possible futures in a serious way, a sense of the emotional forces in their own cultures that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of predictions regarding the results of present trends.Although SF seems to take as its future social settings
30、 nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions migh
31、t appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if.“ function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon the forms
32、social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that most people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in wh
33、ich their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke ones imaginationto consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significa
34、ntly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes i
35、n the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life styles after appealing models provided by
36、SF stories. The reincarnation and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up and augmented SFs social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, send an echo from the future that is becoming
37、 into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.36 In discussing the subject matter of SF, the author focuses on _.（A）its main functions.（B） its great diversity.（C） its bold assumptions.（D）its
38、social impact.37 From Paragraph 2, we can infer that _.（A）SF is only too powerful to speed up social changes.（B） SFs models affect the lifestyles of some individuals.（C） SF serves as a social laboratory for vivid imagination.（D）SFs predictions may not so accurate as anticipated.38 According to the l
39、ast paragraph, “self-fulfilling“ is to “self-avoiding“ as _.（A）artistic to “functional“.（B） material to “imaginary“.（C） desirable to “undesirable“.（D）rational to “emotional“.39 This text is most likely to be _.（A）an excerpt of a book.（B） a book review.（C） a part of an address.（D）a magazine feature.4
40、0 The overall tone of the piece of writing can best be described as _.（A）sarcastic.（B） persuasive.（C） humorous.（D）informative.41 If national health insurance would not cure the problems of the American healthcare system, what, then, is responsible for them? Suspicion falls heavily on hospitals, whic
41、h make up the largest component of the system. In 1988 hospitals accounted for 39% of all health expenditures-more than doctor, nursing homes, drugs, and home health care combined.Although U.S. hospitals provide outstanding research and frequently excellent care, they also exhibit the classic attrib
42、utes of insufficient organizations: increasing costs and decreasing use. The average cost of a hospital stay in 1987$3,850was more than double the 1980 cost. A careful government analysis published in 1987 revealed the inflation of hospital costs, over and above general price inflation, as a major f
43、actor in their growth, even after allowances were made for increases in the population and in intensity of care. While the rate of increase for hospital costs was 2796 greater than that for all medical care and 163% greater than that for all other goods and services, demand for hospital services fel
44、l by 34%. But hospitals seemed oblivious of the decline: during this period the number of hospital beds shrank only by about 396, and the number of full-time employees grew by more than 240,000.After yet another unexpectedly high hospital-cost increase last year, one puzzled government analyst asked
45、: “Wheres the money going?“ Much of the increase in hospital costsamounting to $180 billion from 1965 to 1987went to duplicating medical technology available in nearby hospitals and maintaining excess beds. Modern Healthcare, a leading journal in the field, recently noted that “anecdotes of hospital
46、s unnecessary spending on technology abound“. Medical technology is very expensive. An operating room outfitted to perform open-heart surgery costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. From 1982 to 1989 the number of hospitals with open-heart-surgery facilities grew by 33%, and the most rapid growth oc
47、curred among smaller and moderate-sized hospitals. This growth was worrisome for reasons of both costs and quality. Underused technology almost inevitably decreases quality of care. In medicine, as in everything else, practice makes perfect. For example, most of the hospitals with the lowest mortali
48、ty rates for coronary-bypass surgery perform at least fifty to a hundred such procedures annually, and in some cases many more; the majority of those with the highest mortality rates perform fewer than fifty a year.41 According to the passage, the American health-care system_.（A）is working smoothly（
49、B） is the best system in the world（C） is not working efficiently（D）in on the point of collapses42 In 1980, the average cost of a hospital stay was _（A）$3,850,（B） less than $1,925（C） $1,925（D）more than $1,92543 When demand for hospital services fell, hospitals_.（A）took effective measures to reduce their expenditures（B） were fully aware of the situation and took some measures
