1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a tel
2、evision program? Adults seldom (1)_ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2)_ children younger than three or four (3)_ retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4)_ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hipp
3、o-campus, the region of the brain which is (5)_ for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6)_ that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7)_ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8)_
4、 one event follows (9)_ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10)_ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story. they dont find any that fit the (11)_ Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the Ne
5、w York State University offers a new (12)_ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to (13)_. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14)_ in order to turn their own short-term, quickly fo
6、rgotten (15)_ of them into long-term memories. In other (16)_, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17)_Mother talking about the afternoon (18)_ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19)_ reinforcement,
7、 says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20)_ memories of their personal experiences. Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症（A）figure（B） interpret（C） recall（D）affirm（A）now that（B） even if（C） as though（D）just as（A）largely（B） rarely（C） merely（D）really（A）refuted（B） defied（C） proposed（D）witnessed（A）responsible（B）
8、 suitable（C） favorable（D）available（A）declines（B） assesses（C） estimates（D）maintains（A）reflect（B） attain（C） access（D）acquire（A）narratives（B） forecasts（C） communications（D）descriptions（A）the rest（B） another（C） the other（D）others（A）deposits（B） dreams（C） flashes（D）files（A）model（B） pattern（C） frame（D）form
9、ula（A）emphasis（B） assertion（C） explanation（D）assumption（A）recall（B） remember（C） reflect（D）respond（A）instincts（B） feelings（C） sensations（D）experiences（A）impressions（B） beliefs（C） minds（D）insights（A）senses（B） cases（C） words（D）aspects（A）him（B） their（C） it（D）them（A）taken（B） utilized（C） applied（D）spent（A
10、）habitual（B） verbal（C） unique（D）particular（A）permanent（B） mental（C） spiritual（D）consciousPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Britain no longer dominates Anglophone education. Students want more, and the old emp
11、ire is happy to give it to them. A good name and a British campus are no longer enough to pull in high-paying overseas recruits. The competition within the world of English-language higher education is growing increasingly intense. Todays international students dont automatically head to the United
12、States or the United Kingdom; they consider a slew of factors before making their pick. Already, Britain is starting to suffer as it finds itself in a fierce three-way contest for market share.On the one hand, U.S. colleges are recovering fast in overseas recruitment. On the other, a batch of common
13、wealth countries is coming on strong and eating into Britains market share. Consider Singapore, which four years ago set out to lure branches of foreign colleges. The number of overseas students there has since climbed 46 percent. And in the first three years of the decade, the number of foreign stu
14、dents in New Zealand almost quadrupled. Then theres Australia. Foreigners now make up about a quarter of its entire student body. Australia shows that the secret to success often has as much to do with government policy as with academic philosophy. Lavish grants can offset the Brits and the American
15、s edge in prestige. Foreign students at state-run schools in Singapore now get an 80 percent discount. An engineering degree that costs about $30,000 a year at Harvard runs just $2,000 at the University of Malaya, thanks to heavy subsidies.The biggest factor today seems to be the prospect of employm
16、ent. A degree from an Australian university now puts graduates on the fast track to permanent residency. And London offers an automatic 12-month work permit to most overseas recruits. But Britain cant do anything about its location. Why go all the way to the United Kingdomor to the United Stateswhen
17、 theres now a good English- language college just a few hours flight from Shanghai or Mumbai? But few countries can match Australias main selling point. Its sunny outdoors image works strongly to its advantage among international students. Yet no country can afford to throw in the towel. Cuts in gov
18、ernment spending have forced colleges to look elsewhere for money. Overseas recruits have thus become an increasingly critical source of cash: in Britain the average university now looks to foreign students to provide at least 10 percent of its income.Other trends could soon make things even more de
19、sperate. Today China is one of the biggest sources of traveling students. But for how much longer? The country is now busy developing its own elite institution and ordinary colleges. If this trend continues, the developed world is going to lose its largest client. The scramble for business in the An
20、glo world is already ferocious(激烈的), while the market is expanding. Just wait till it starts to contract.21 We can infer from the text that students can receive Anglophone education in _（A）France.（B） Canada.（C） Cambodia.（D）India.22 Which of the following is true of the text?（A）Singapore now has 46%
21、of its students from abroad after attracting foreign college branches.（B） At the beginning of this decade, overseas students in New Zealand are 4 times as many as before.（C） Foreign students at state-run schools in Australia now get an 80% discount.（D）An engineering degree costs more than 10 times i
22、n America than in Singapore.23 According to the text, “no country can afford to throw in the towel“ probably means _.（A）No country can admit to be defeated by Australia.（B） No country has the resources to beat Australia.（C） No country can imitate Australias outdoor image.（D）No country has the same a
23、dvantages with Australia.24 Britain is happy to give the students what they want mainly because _.（A）They consider foreign students as a major source of money.（B） They are facing fierce competitions from many other countries.（C） Students consider many factors when choosing an international universit
24、y.（D）British universities are gradually losing its once-proud prestige.25 According to the last paragraph, which of the statement is true?（A）China will one day be a strong rival for Britain in the foreign student market.（B） Chinas own development of elite institutions and colleges is a blessing for
25、Britain.（C） Britain and U.S. will lose their largest client as Chinas higher education develops.（D）Overseas students in China form a major part of international students.26 The Supreme Courts recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction in Americas banking op
26、eration, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direction that could at last push Congress into framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to plan their future beyond the next court
27、case.The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy of the bank failures of the 1930s. The current high rate of bank failurehigher than at any time since the Great Depressionhas made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity is underst
28、andable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in todays telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial m
29、arkets. In trying to escape from this restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal laws and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acq
30、uisition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The house of Representatives banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sense, though limited, legislati
31、on for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be
32、 regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of Americas suitable banking legislation.26 The authors attitude towards the current banking laws is best described as one of _.（A）concerned dissatisfaction（B） tolerant disapproval（C） uncaring indifference（D）great admiration2
33、7 Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930s are still on the book?（A）The bank failures of the 1930s were caused by restrictive courts.（B） Banking has not changed in the past $0 years.（C） The banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been su
34、ggested.（D）Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.28 The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be _.（A）gradual, so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger banks（B） postponed, until the
35、consequences can be evaluated（C） immediate, because we cannot afford any more bank failures（D）accelerated, to Overcome legislative fear29 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?（A）The current banking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to be useful to todays bank
36、s.（B） Although there are currently many bank failures, the nature of banking has not really changed that much.（C） Money center banks currently have too much power as compared with the regional banks.（D）Because current laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs, banks have been forced to t
37、ake needless and dangerous risks.30 In the first sentence of Paragraph 2, “interpreting“ probably refers to _.（A）according to（B） explaining（C） carrying on（D）doing away31 Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world w
38、here logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“the random byproducts of the neu
39、ral-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line“. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under c
40、onscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “Its your dream“, says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center, “If you dont like it, change it“.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid
41、 dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh, But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain“) is especially active, while the pre frontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively qui
42、et. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day“, says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progres
43、sing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream.And this
44、 process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recur ring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time occurs, try to wake up just enough to cont
45、rol its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake up in a panic“, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and gene
46、ral feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleepor rather dreamon it and youll feel better in the morning.31 Researchers have come
47、 to believe that dreams _.（A）can be modified in their courses（B） are susceptible to emotional changes（C） reflect our innermost desires and fears（D）are a random outcome of neural repairs32 By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show _.（A）its function in our dreams（B） the mechanism o
48、f REM sleep（C） the relation of dreams to emotions（D）its difference from the prefrontal cortex33 The negative feelings generated during the day tend to _.（A）aggravate in our unconscious mind（B） develop into happy dreams（C） persist till the time we fall asleep（D）show up in dreams early at night34 Cart
49、wright seems to suggest that _.（A）waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams（B） visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control（C） dreams should be left to their natural progression（D）dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35 What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?（A）Lead your life as usual.（B） Seek professional help.（C） Exercise conscious
