1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 3 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Space Shuttle Project is one of the first huge-typed spaceflight instruments used for many times in the world, organized by American
2、 National Aviation and Spaceflight Bureau, the main researches of【1】are researching and making the system of space shuttle, suggesting and choosing【2】 and landing ports, deciding the scheme of reclaiming the roll booster of solid rocket,【3】the establishment of repairing the roll booster, and rebuild
3、ing and expanding the building of the【4】and controlling system. At the beginning of 1969, the United States set up a group that specially researched the development direction of spaceflight with 【5】 for the next stage,【6】by deputy president. After【7】and research, it suggested that an aero craft with
4、 great benefits in【8】should be made, eg【9】the spaceflight being its leading stanchion. In this project, five orbit implements were prescribed to be made, 【10】“ Exploitation“, “ Columbia“, “ Challenger“, “Discovery“ and “Atlands“. In 1970, spaceflight got into an all-round【11】of research and manufact
5、ure. The whole-project had to delay more than three years. Five orbit implements were【12】to be four and flight experiment for six times was also decreased for four,【13】the number of production was cut down, according to the original scheme. In April 1971 this【14 】was decided that Kennedy Space Centr
6、e was used for the launching and landing port for space shuttles, and Edwards Air Base was used for the 【15】 landing port. In February 1977,“Exploitation“ Orbit Implement started to have entering and landing experiment sin Edwards Air Base. From May 12, 1981 to July 4, 1982, “Columbia“ Space Shuttle
7、 successfully finished four flight experiments for research and manufacture,【16】meant that the【17】and manufactures were over in【18】form. It【19】about 12 years and cost more than 75 billion US dollars to finish the whole project. On November 11, 1990, space shuttles began to fly for【20】.（A）what（B） whi
8、ch（C） where（D）that（A）labeling（B） hauling（C） hawking（D）launching（A）building（B） breaching（C） breeding（D）bugging（A）obscuring（B） rejecting（C） observing（D）refining（A）people（B） member（C） man（D）person（A）led（B） deprived（C） leaked（D）diluted（A）weapon（B） investigation（C） wisdom（D）irritation（A）economics（B） fina
9、nce（C） accounting（D）economy（A）in（B） with（C） by（D）through（A）modified（B） propelled（C） named（D）provoked（A）conviction（B） stage（C） context（D）stand（A）dedicated（B） boosted（C） browsed（D）decreased（A）as（B） if（C） though（D）once（A）parallel（B） outfit（C） programme（D）outlet（A）uniform（B） spark（C） unity（D）spare（A）whe
10、reas（B） what（C） whether（D）which（A）resolution（B） renaissance（C） researches（D）resemblance（A）due（B） sober（C） drastic（D）feeble（A）spent（B） took（C） consumed（D）absorbed（A）commerce（B） business（C） trade（D）transactionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choo
11、sing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankinds humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to ab
12、olish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once rese
13、rved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safel
14、y hidden from the meat-eaters gaze and the childs story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people ca
15、nnot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most peoples lives, it is particularly vulnerable to t
16、heir campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Ani
17、mal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in
18、 Britains laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens ) on Britains farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step bac
19、kwards.21 The first paragraph is written to_.（A）put forward sound reason to care about the welfare of animals（B） emphasize the glory of the Enlightenment（C） introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals（D）provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded22 The inc
20、onsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating_.（A）the deeds conducted by Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton（B） the people who condemn the fur-trade but merrily wear leather（C） the understanding of the ancient times concerning a system of rights（D）the comprehension of the way to the extremist23 It
21、 can be inferred from the third paragraph that_.（A）the publics ignorance of scientific research results in attacks on science（B） a measure of mankinds humanity is taken into account（C） confusion and contradiction result from vulnerable campaigns（D）the debate is bound to aggravate in the next decade2
22、4 With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（A）Even if they deplore the activitists use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can sure rejoice today.（B） Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of animal rights.（C） O
23、ver the years something good has come from the campaign against the animal industry.（D）It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows.25 In the text, a comparison is made so as to_.（A）abolish the slave trade（B） elaborate a higher purpose of animal
24、research（C） warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals（D）assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals25 Tuning in round the clock, via satellite or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peaceable place. But in som
25、e ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Report released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia registers a 40% drop in the number of armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in battle, down by 80%. Whil
26、e 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reignited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused. Yet measured in a different way, from the point of view of the half of the worlds population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control
27、of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the body bags in wartime, including in civil wars, even on DCAFs figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women in an Insecure World“
28、, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“. Violence against women is nothing new. DCAFs contribution is to collate the many figures and estimatesnot all of them easily verifiable, it has to be saidon everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths, sex trafficking and d
29、omestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer ones). According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are now demographically “missing“. This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are preferred; lack of food a
30、nd medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fathers, husbands and sons; so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts of domestic violence. It implies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender-based violence. In other words, every two to four years
31、 the world looks away from a victim count on the scale of Hitlers Holocaust. Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed or die from violence inflicted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor health care means tha
32、t 600,000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a toll roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisation estimates that 6,000 girls a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures suggest that, around the wor
33、ld, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime.26 In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the author employs the device of_.（A）comparison（B） inversion（C） contrast（D）omission27 The word “contained“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probab
34、ly means_.（A）involved（B） checked（C） embraced（D）included28 It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that_.（A）violence against women has been ignored since the 1960s（B） many figures and estimates can not stand scrutiny concerned（C） DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape i
35、n richer nations（D）the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding29 Hitlers Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentioned in the text with the aim to_.（A）provide a concrete concept of the statistics related to gender-based violence and poor health care（B） exemplify the inhumane action co
36、nducted by German Nazi during World War （C） count the victims who are now demographically “missing“（D）take into the account women who are more liable to be maimed or die from violence30 Which of the followings could be the best title for the text?（A）Women in a Poverty-stricken Area（B） Gender Gap in
37、the Emerging Economies（C） Women in a Hazardous World（D）Gendercide in the Western Countries30 If you leave a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row
38、about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still
39、 be depended on now it was an ally ( of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure. Fearing the threat to its reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly ha
40、lf its gas and that Grard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be importing 80% of its gas by 2030-much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russias tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the worlds oil, but produc
41、es only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the worlds dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate on the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative. Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1
42、973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing turmoil and a global recession. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day
43、 (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out. With oil costing $ 60 a barrel, five times more than the nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the fi
44、rst time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. “It took us a long time to get there and it will take us a long time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of Oil“ predict th
45、at so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how worried consumers should be. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but no
46、t for outright panic.31 The word “now“ of the first paragraph denotes_.（A）because of the fact (that)（B） for the time being（C） currently（D）at present32 Which of the following can be inferred from the text?（A）Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the snow-covered northern Europe.（B） The d
47、ispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply was restored.（C） The risks for a gas-importing continent were exposed in the recent Russian-Ukrainian incident.（D）Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative.33 USA, according to the text, disapproved of Russian exped
48、ient in that_.（A）most often it works wonder（B） Americans never welcome Europeans（C） Russians hardly produce consuming stuff（D）it depends heavily on oil import34 According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers_.（A）can not afford gas and oil（B） have encountered grim situation（C） can a
49、void outright panic（D）have had the upper hand35 Based on the remarks made by Robin West, the current situation will_.（A）vanish（B） linger（C） aggravate（D）rebound35 “The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared,“ claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was “an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality“, asserted a politician. The first statement comes from 20
