1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 71 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Where culture is concerned, in Madrid variety reigns. With modern art centers【B1】_from discarded factories and traditional Spanish
2、musical theater【B2 】_modern themes, there are seemingly endless ways to dive into the arts in Madrid.One of those old industrial spaces is Matadero Madrid, 【B3】_a vast slaughterhouse and now a livery multidisciplinary arts【B4】_with design, technology and art exhibitions, as well as experimental thea
3、ter.Then theres the Filmoteca Espanola in the Cines Dore, in an easy-to-miss【B5】_next to a fish market. With about 10【B6】_film series each monthretrospectives of beloved directors, a series of documentaries about gypsies【B7】 _a bookstore and restaurant, all【B8】_in a gorgeous Art Deco theater, its a
4、great【B9 】_for a rainy autumn afternoon.One flight above that same fish market, the Mercado Anton Martin, youll【B10】_feet stomping in the hallowed halls of Amor de Dios, the famed flamenco school【B11】_which legends like Antonio Gades, Sara Baras and Joaquin Cortes have passed as either students or t
5、eachers. Whether youre thinking of【B12】_or just sneaking up to【B13】_on a class in action, its the citys most【 B14】 _scene for flamenco.【B15 】_the cutting-edge crowd out the classics, there are always operettas to be heard at the historic Teatro de la Zarzuela, named for a Spanish genre that【B16】_mea
6、ns huge productions with lavish【B17】_and sets, exaggerated comic gestures and【B18】_happy endings. The new【B19 】_begins Oct. 17 with the classic “ Soto del Parral“ ,【B20 】_pokes fun at provincial ways, and will close in June with the world premiere of “ YoDali“, a contemporary opera about the life of
7、 Salvador Dali. 1 【B1 】（A）deriving（B） inheriting（C） emerging（D）accepting2 【B2 】（A）embracing（B） composing（C） performing（D）consisting3 【B3 】（A）barely（B） formerly（C） essentially（D）namely4 【B4 】（A）collection（B） combination（C） complex（D）completion5 【B5 】（A）area（B） existence（C） scene（D）spot6 【B6 】（A）comic
8、（B） occasional（C） detective（D）simultaneous7 【B7 】（A）despite of（B） as well as（C） opposite to（D）such as8 【B8 】（A）packed（B） housed（C） included（D）dwelled9 【B9 】（A）destination（B） entertainment（C） recommendation（D）inspiration10 【B10 】（A）hear（B） recall（C） witness（D）discover11 【B11 】（A）through（B） beyond（C）
9、across（D）without12 【B12 】（A）attending（B） supervising（C） enrolling（D）touring13 【B13 】（A）survey（B） spy（C） search（D）swing14 【B14 】（A）flourishing（B） sporty（C） vigorous（D）conservative15 【B15 】（A）Provided（B） Although（C） Whereas（D）Lest16 【B16 】（A）generally（B） accidentally（C） presumably（D）constantly17 【B17
10、】（A）suits（B） stages（C） decorations（D）costumes18 【B18 】（A）imagined（B） predicted（C） suspected（D）guaranteed19 【B19 】（A）year（B） season（C） section（D）period20 【B20 】（A）that（B） so（C） which（D）andPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (
11、40 points)20 Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumorsand tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way to target treatment.Fifty years after the discovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer, scientists are assessing the state of so-called targeted therapywi
12、th nearly 30 treatments on the market and a dozen or so more under study. “ Were still not using the C word, cure, “ cautioned medicine director Jeff Boyd of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who helped organized a meeting to examine the future of targeted therapy. But, he added, “there is real potential to
13、transform many cancers into chronic diseases. “One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack, in part by answering what the new chief of the National Cancer Institute calls the “big questions“ about what makes this disease so intractable. What makes a tumor metastasize or spread thr
14、ough the body? Why some tumors spread and others dont? What programs those tumor cells to invade, say, the liver instead of the bone or the lung? These are factors that undoubtedly could be new treatment targets.A domino effect of genetic alterations is required to cause any of the 200 diseases coll
15、ectively called cancer. Some occur in the person, making them more prone to illness. But tumors also have their own genetic signaturefour to seven genetic changes that are critical to turning, say, a normal breast or colon or liver cell into a cancerous one, and a pattern of activity that signals ho
16、w aggressive that malignancy will be. Those unique patterns also offer targets for treatment, drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the persons cancerand even vaccine-like therapies, a fledgling field that aims to train patients immune systems to recognize and fight their tum
17、ors.As the targeted therapies work differentlyshrinking a tumor or slowing its growththan the tumor-destroying approaches of chemotherapy and radiation, its harder to prove a benefit. But Allison Frey, whose aggressive form of thyroid cancer spread to her liver in inoperable patches, says that appro
18、ach has made her cancer an illness she can manage much like a diabetic manages insulin. For nearly five years, she has swallowed an experimental pill that shrank those patches and kept them from growing back, working through a pathway that targets a tumors blood supply. “Honestly, to me its just lik
19、e any other chronic illness,“ said Frey, whos part of a study at Fox Chase. “I show up for work every day and live life.with minimal issues. “ 21 Medicine director Jeff Boyd believes that_.（A）the new therapy is promising（B） cancer cannot be cured（C） cancer may essentially be chronic（D）the new therap
20、y faces many challenges22 Which of the following is TRUE of the targeted cancer therapy?（A）It has been booming since its first occurrence fifty years ago.（B） Its new development relies on the expansion of treatment target.（C） It has prevented tumors to metastasize or spread through the body.（D）It is
21、 a vaccine-like therapy by training the patients immune systems.23 The phrase “zero in“(Line 5, Paragraph 4)most probably means_.（A）take aim（B） return to zero（C） pass through（D）get involved24 What can be learned about Allison Frey according to the last paragraph?（A）The patches on her thyroid and liv
22、er have disappeared.（B） Her cancer has been brought under effective control.（C） She can live her life as normally as she did before.（D）She never received any chemotherapy or radiation.25 What would be the best title for the text?（A）The Genetic Code of Cancerous Tumor（B） New Development of Cancer The
23、rapy（C） Probe into Targeted Cancer Therapy（D）Different Approaches to Cancer Therapy25 “ There are no shortcuts in evolution,“ famed Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis once said. He might have reconsidered those words if he could have foreseen the coming revolution in biotechnology, including the a
24、bility to alter genes and manipulate stem cells. These breakthroughs could bring on an age of directed reproduction and evolution in which humans will bypass the incremental process of natural selection and set off on a high-speed genetic course of their own. Some of the latest and greatest advances
25、 like pluripotent stem cells, gene targeting, and artificial chromosomes could leapfrog over evolution and let us take control of our genome, maybe even turn ourselves into a whole new species.Bioethicist John Harris of the University of Manchester, believes that achieving our potential “might requi
26、re some deliberate changes“ to our genes. He predicts that genetic engineering will eventually lead to what he calls “enhancement evolution. “ Through the nuanced use of biotechnology, enhancement evolution will gradually introduce genes that improve the species, one person at a time. At that point,
27、 deliberate selection will replace natural selection as the driving force for species change. “ We are not suited to survive designed as we are,“ Harris says. “ We are hugely vulnerable to diseases, and new diseases come along all the time. Its amazing we havent been entirely wiped out by one. “The
28、first changes to the human genome, Harris believes, will happen within small test populations. This will allow us to assess the risks and benefits of the modifications and then decide how to proceed.Enhancement evolution has plenty of critics. Lanza, for one, is uneasy about giving parents the power
29、 to design their childrens genomes. What if a couple wants a world-class athlete in the family and provides those genes, but the child grows up wanting to play chess, he asks. And what if some of the modifications go seriously wrong? Who should have the final say on when and how the human genome sho
30、uld be changed?On the other hand, if technology can enable us to eliminate disease and disabilities from our children or insert genes that might make them smarter or better looking, why wouldnt we use it? As DNA guru James Watson once said, “ Evolution can be just damn cruel. “ At least it is today.
31、 Tomorrow the responsibility for evolution may rest on our own shouldersfor better or for worse. 26 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）Louis Brandeis is reconsidering his view on evolution（B） the course of evolution may speed up owing to human intervention（C） human beings may skip
32、over any natural selection in future（D）the aim of biotechnology is to create a whole new species27 Which of the following can be the advantage of enhancement evolution?（A）Bringing in delicate changes to genes.（B） Replacing natural selection.（C） Changing human species entirely.（D）Enhancing human immu
33、nity.28 The word “vulnerable“(Line 6, Paragraph 2)most probably means_.（A）entirely wiped out（B） on the alert（C） easy to be attacked（D）getting immune29 We can infer from the fourth paragraph that_.（A）enhancement evolution is technically impossible（B） parents have the final say on childrens genome cha
34、nge（C） parents and children usually have different designs for the future（D）enhancement evolution may cause moral problems30 What is the authors attitude towards enhancement evolution?（A）Skeptical.（B） Impartial.（C） Supportive.（D）Biased.30 Tuition has risen for the 2010 -2011 academic year at law sch
35、ools across the country, though jobs for young lawyers are increasingly hard to come by.Recent figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that 4,000 jobs in the legal sector were cut in June and July, capping a 12-month stretch in which the field lost about 17,000 positions. Summer associate p
36、rograms, often a stable track to future employment for law students, also fell victim to a sour economy.But more law school admission tests were administered in the most recent testing year than ever before. From June 2009 to February 2010, there were 171,514 requests for the LSAT, a 13.3 percent in
37、crease from the previous year, says Wendy Margolis, communications director at the nonprofit Law School Admission Council, which administers the test.With demand and costs climbing while job prospects diminish, whats happening to the value of a legal education? The answer is debatable, says William
38、Henderson, a professor at the Indiana University. He notes that in this economic climate, even a degree from a top law school does not guarantee a job.But Ann Levine, a law school admissions consultant, says that dimming job prospects and increasingly high tuition have yet to deter those in her nati
39、onwide client pool from seeking elite placements. “ People want to generally go to the best law school they can get into, regardless of costs. “ She says. One of Levines clients Oriana Pietrangelo turned down several full rides in favor of a partial scholarship this fall to the University of Notre D
40、ame Law School, a highly ranked school whose “ name goes fairly far“.Reasons for tuition increases vary by school, though the pattern is that tuition rarely goes down. Instead, relatively small tuition increases are touted as big news. At Vanderbilt University Law School, tuition will increase 2. 7
41、percent to $ 44,900 before fees, the smallest uptick in 44 years, according to the school. Public law schools are feeling the heat of tight state budgets. Funding for higher education has been slashed in at least 43 financially strapped states, according to a recent report. Higher education funding
42、in Texas, for example, was reduced by $ 73 million, and public universities in Indiana saw a $ 150 million decrease this year. The budget pressures are pushing tuition upward.Still, law school officials voice continued support for ambitious students choosing a legal education, especially when the cu
43、rricula embrace the changing tides of the professional market. “ I think that law school remains a great investment because of the kinds of analytical skills law school teaches,“ says Paul Schiff Berman, dean of Arizona State Universitys Sandra Day OConnor College of Law, “whether you end up practic
44、ing at a law firm, or going into business, or going into government. “ 31 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（A）explaining a phenomenon（B） making a comparison（C） justifying an assumption（D）posing a contrast32 The figures in the second paragraph imply that_.（A）the economy h
45、as continuously been shrinking（B） the development of law schools has been speeding up（C） there is a high unemployment rate in legal sector（D）there is a contradiction between enrollment and employment33 By taking Oriana as an example, Ann Levine suggests that law schools_.（A）havent lost popularity am
46、ong students（B） are attracting all the elites nationwide（C） dont charge as much as people suppose（D）rank high among all the universities34 By saying “small tuition increases are touted as big news“(Line 2, Paragraph 5), the author implies that_.（A）tuition hasnt risen as much as people are convinced
47、of（B） big news media first detected the increase of tuition（C） the increase of tuition has attracted wide attention（D）the news media forecast even greater increase of tuition35 Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（A）Students graduating from top law school cant find a good job.（B） La
48、w schools enable the students to enter the fields other than legal sector.（C） Law schools are losing the support of state budgets.（D）Students seek elite placements by going to law schools.35 As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of
49、 in children; type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1, or “juvenile“ diabetesan autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas stops producing insulintype 2 diabetes is linked to diet and lifestyle. It usually develops only in individuals who are genetically sicken for the condition, but requires a triggertypically, insulin resistance resulting from overeating. The disease used to be seen only in adults bec
