1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 77 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question; What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?Probably no two people
2、 would【B1 】_exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally【B2】_.First, the teachers personality should be pleasantly【B3】_and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically【B4】_, or even ugly, because many such have great personal【B5】_. But it 【B6】 _rule out such ty
3、pes as the【B7】_, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated and overbearing: I would say too, that it【B8】_all of dull or purely negative personality.Secondly, it is not merely desirable【B9】_essential for a teacher to have a genuine 【B10】_for sympathya capacity to tune【B11】_to the minds and feelings o
4、f other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. 【B12 】_related with this is the capacity to be【B13】_not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty(意志薄弱)and immaturity of human nature which【B14】_people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I【 B15】_it essentia
5、l for a teacher to he both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength, and【B16】_, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be【B17】_There is no contradiction in my go
6、ing on to say that a teacher should be a 【B18 】_of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to【B19 】_an actto enliven a lesson , correct a fault, or【B20】_praise. Children , especially young children , live in a world that is
7、rather larger than life.1 【B1 】（A）draw up（B） put down（C） make out（D）hand in2 【B2 】（A）agreed（B） approved（C） recognized（D）accepted3 【B3 】（A）live（B） living（C） lifelike（D）alive4 【B4 】（A）strong（B） plain（C） simple（D）sound5 【B5 】（A）appreciation（B） enjoyment（C） charm（D）identity6 【B6 】（A）will（B） does（C） woul
8、d（D）doesnt7 【B7 】（A）over-exciting（B） over-excitable（C） over-irritable（D）over-sensitive8 【B8 】（A）includes（B） erases（C） involves（D）excludes9 【B9 】（A）yet（B） nevertheless（C） but（D）or10 【B10 】（A）capacity（B） strength（C） power（D）ability11 【B11 】（A）out（B） about（C） in（D）up12 【B12 】（A）Significantly（B） Closely
9、（C） Consequently（D）Particularly13 【B13 】（A）tolerable（B） patient（C） popular（D）tolerant14 【B14 】（A）help（B） induce（C） arouse（D）agitate15 【B15 】（A）regard（B） estimate（C） hold（D）perceive16 【B16 】（A）shortcomings（B） limitations（C） defects（D）drawbacks17 【B17 】（A）presided（B） managed（C） oriented（D）guided18 【B1
10、8 】（A）bit（B） little（C） lot（D）couple19 【B19 】（A）put across（B） put on（C） put up（D）put in for20 【B20 】（A）allot（B） assign（C） award（D）rewardPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 When next years crop of high-school gra
11、duates arrive at Oxford University in the fall, theyll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost of Yale will become Oxfords vice chancellor-a position equivalent to university president in the United States, with responsibility for the day-to-day running of the prestigious i
12、nstitution. Hamilton, a distinguished chemist, isnt the only educator crossing the pond. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore and elsewhere have also recently made top-level hires from abroad.Higher education has become a big and competitive business these days, and like so many businesses, its gone
13、global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction; outward from the United States. The chief reason is that American schools just dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a
14、 new president to oversee its three campuses or a 52,000 students, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, the source of a hefty chunk of the universitys budget. The board ultimately picked a businessman or a political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern univers
15、ity presidents; fund-raising.Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing. This strength is largely a product of experience and necessity, since U. S. schools rely heavily on philanthropy. At Harvard last year, philanthropy made up 40 percent of the total budget. Many European universities, meanwh
16、ile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But state support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. In Britain, for example, government contributions dropped from $14,000 per student in 1990 to $9,000 in 2006. This decline has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary abi
17、lity among administrators, and has hired committees clamoring for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice chancellor, the university publicly stres
18、sed that in her previous job she had overseen “ a major strengthening of Yales financial position“. Her hiring was part of a larger initiativein 2005 Cambridge launched a 10-year, $2 billion development plan, and this year Oxford followed suit with its own $2. 5 billion campaign. Both schools have o
19、pened development offices in the United States in order to tap wealthy alumni in a country already accustomed to giving.Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind
20、 to bolster international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices. In this area of the global economy, at least, U. S. exports still rule.21 There is a universal phenomenon that foreign universities tend to_.（A）have financial trou
21、bles（B） hire a new boss abroad（C） reform their educational system（D）promote intercollegiate exchange22 The statement “the talent flow isnt universal“(Line 2, Para. 2)is used to show that_.（A）only European universities encourage the talent to flow（B） global head-hunting only occurs outside American s
22、chools（C） poor universities cant afford to employ foreign presidents（D）Asian universities take effective measures to prohibit brain drain23 Which of the following is an essential ability of American university presidents?（A）Remaining active in both business and politics.（B） Practising as an educator
23、 for more than ten years.（C） Raising money to improve the financial position.（D）Establishing a good relationship with the government.24 It can be inferred from Para. 4 that_.（A）both Oxford and Cambridge are seeking a new source of wealth（B） Alison Richard has already freed Cambridge from financial t
24、roubles（C） Oxford and Cambridge have called on their alumni to donate money（D）Oxford and Cambridge have opened offices to attract foreign students25 Whats the authors attitude towards hiring foreign heads?（A）Optimistic.（B） Disapproved.（C） Prejudiced.（D）Pessimistic.25 Public service announcements don
25、ated by radio, print, television and Internet media will attempt to convince kids and their parents that leading a healthy lifestyle is important. We cant get enough of this message about healthy lifestyle, because the news on obesity(the condition of being too fat), and especially childhood obesity
26、, is grim. And its getting worse.The last few months have seen a lot of reports on obesity, all sending a clear message: obesity is overwhelming us. Its damaging us physically, leading to increases in diabetes, arthritis, heart disease and other chronic conditions. And its breaking us financially, a
27、s our health care system crushes under the weight of the cost of treatments for these diseases.The journal Health Affairs published a study indicating that the cost of hospitalizing obese(too fat)children between 1999 and 2005 nearly doubled, with twice as many children requiring such care. The find
28、ing prompted the reports lead researcher to say, “ Obesity is the single biggest reason for the increase in health care costs. “ In August, yet another study in the journal Academic Pediatrics showed the rate of severe obesity among U. S. children and teenagers aged 2 to 19 has more than tripled ove
29、r the past three decades and risen more than 70 percent since 1994. Even here in Massachusetts, with universal health care, nearly one-third of our middle and high school students are overweight or obese.Whats frightening in these reports is whats happening to our young people. Childhood obesity is
30、particularly more harmful because the health effects of obesity at a young age can last a lifetime. If nothing changes, well continue to see spending rise to higher and higher levels, and we may see an entire generation burdened with the long-term effects of a condition that might have been prevente
31、d.Adults recognize the issue. The University of Michigan C. S. Mott Childrens Hospital National Poll on Childrens Health again in 2009 ranked obesity as the top child health concern of adults, surpassing all other threats, including drug abuse, smoking, bullying, and Internet safety. The survey also
32、 found blacks and Hispanics rank obesity as the number one health issue for the first time.Promotions are all well and good; they call attention to the problem and keep it before the public. But the best solutions to the problem of childhood obesity likely rest with the notions of individual respons
33、ibility and parental supervision. Young people and their parentsbecause parental supervision and their roles in setting examples are critical to reversing the trendmust “take stock“ of their exercise and eating habits.26 In the first paragraph, public service announcements are mentioned to_.（A）stres
34、s the importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle（B） explain why various media are booming today（C） highlight how our health care system works（D）introduce the topic of what has caused obesity27 The sentence “obesity is overwhelming us“(Lines 1-2, Para.2)most probably means_.（A）obesity causes us to suf
35、fer from many diseases（B） obesity is damaging both our bodies and spirits（C） obesity will be the No. 1 killer for human health（D）obesity brings body damage and economic loss to us28 According to Para. 3 , obesity mainly leads to_.（A）the increase of health care costs（B） the collapse of health care sy
36、stem（C） the mental stress of young people（D）the high frequency of chronic diseases29 The University of Michigan C. S. Mott Childrens Hospital National Poll on Childrens Health has found that_.（A）obesity has aroused the concern of adults since 2009（B） drug abuse and smoking are more threatening than
37、obesity（C） blacks have become more aware of the seriousness of obesity than before（D）the University of Michigan ranks obesity as No. 1 health issue 30 Which of the following can best solve the problem of childhood obesity?（A）Changing childrens eating habits.（B） Supervising children to do more exerci
38、se.（C） Strengthening personal responsibility and parental supervision.（D）Having regular medical examination.30 Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student bo
39、dy. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights to invest
40、igate questionable policies. “Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program. only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different,“ says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-profi
41、t group.Others say theyll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box,“ says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and
42、 contracting. Because of that law, Mondays ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to. let the(Michigan)voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admission. “ Connerly said Monday.Meanwhile, U.S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushs s
43、tance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions“. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor, in one of the opinions, recommended
44、that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. Ultimately in the debate, “Diversity is a choice, not a legal ma
45、ndate, “says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the nonprofit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Amer
46、icans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanies far more li
47、kely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Mondays ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now , admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be
48、closed-mouthed about admissions policies, many say they dont expect significant changes.31 It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action is to_.（A）discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissions（B） adapt the Supreme Courts ruling to co
49、llege situations（C） formulate the right policies for college admissions（D）ensure that race-neutral programs are set up in college and universities32 What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that_.（A）no admission policies based on race should be implemented（B） minority applicants should be given favorable considerations（C） different standards for admitting minority students
