1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 89 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resource
2、s it owns, and does so badly. Often,【C1 】 _. governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and【C2】_of natural resources. A whole【C3】_of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and(often) 【C4】_no economic sense.
3、Scrapping them offers a two-fold【C5】_: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to【C6 】_the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earths surface than farming. It shape
4、s a third of the planets land area, not【C7】_Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in【C8 】_from land already in【C9】 _, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Highe
5、r yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a【C10】_in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have【C11】_environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single【C12】_of deforestat
6、ion; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may【C13】_water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods【C14】_exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the【C15】_of old varieties of food plants whi
7、ch【C16】_some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States,【C17】_the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate【C18】
8、_to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently【C19】_a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is【C20】_much faster than in America.1 【C1 】（A）however（B） therefore（C） but（D）hence2 【C2 】（A）conjunction（B） compensation（C） consumptio
9、n（D）constitution3 【C3 】（A）area（B） range（C） scope（D）field4 【C4 】（A）take（B） hold（C） lose（D）make5 【C5 】（A）profit（B） bonus（C） benefit（D）prize6 【C6 】（A）confront（B） confine（C） conform（D）confuse7 【C7 】（A）thinking（B） considering（C） longing（D）counting8 【C8 】（A）outputs（B） supplies（C） yields（D）outcomes9 【C9 】（
10、A）revolution（B） civilization（C） reservation（D）cultivation10 【C10 】（A）doubling（B） reducing（C） dismissing（D）repeating11 【C11 】（A）destroying（B） damaging（C） injuring（D）ruining12 【C12 】（A）excuse（B） justification（C） cause（D）ground13 【C13 】（A）purify（B） clean（C） dirty（D）contaminate14 【C14 】（A）come to（B） bri
11、ng to（C） tend to（D）stand to15 【C15 】（A）disappearance（B） discovery（C） disposition（D）disturbance16 【C16 】（A）must have been provided（B） might have provided（C） must have provided（D）might have been provided17 【C17 】（A）when（B） while（C） which（D）where18 【C18 】（A）probable（B） capable（C） likely（D）hopeful19 【C1
12、9 】（A）set up（B） take up（C） build up（D）make up20 【C20 】（A）vanishing（B） staying（C） appearing（D）dissolvingGrammar21 You cant be_careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.（A）very（B） quite（C） so（D）too22 The students will put off the match until next week, _they wont be so busy.（A）sinc
13、e（B） as（C） when（D）while23 Do help yourself to some fruit, _you?（A）cant（B） dont（C） wouldnt（D）wont24 “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like_. “We told you not to eat at a restaurant. Youd better_ at home when you are not in the shape. “（A）to throw up. . . to eat（B） throwing up. . . eating（C）
14、to throw up. . . eat（D）throwing up. eat25 Agriculture was a step in human progress_which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.（A）in（B） for（C） to（D）from26 I shall tell you what he_at three oclock yesterday afternoon.（A）was doing（B） did（C） had been doing（D）has done2
15、7 “Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the movies?“ “Who would you rather_ with you, George or me?“（A）to go（B） have go（C） have gone（D）going28 The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience_on benches, chairs or boxes.（A）having seated（B） seating（C） seated（D）having been seate
16、d29 The spaceman found_to look at the earth falling rapidly away from him.（A）a most exciting experience（B） that a most exciting experience（C） the experience most exciting（D）it a most exciting experience30 The committee has anticipated the problems that_in the road construction project.（A）arise（B） wi
17、ll arise（C） arose（D）have arisenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 President Bush has once again started speaking out for comprehensive immigration reform, and a draft plan to rally Republican senators on the i
18、ssue is circulating just as Congressional hearings on the issue approach. Members of Congress recognize that voters are looking for real reform that rests on resolute, effective enforcement of our immigration laws.The only serious legislative proposal on the table offers such enforcement, because it
19、 focuses on making employers accountable for their hiring practices. To that end, the bill incorporates lessons learned from the largest immigration enforcement operation ever undertaken. Last December, Department of Homeland Security agents descended on meat processing plants run by Swirl with many
20、 disagreements.（B） A difficult problem.（C） Indistinct or not clear in definition.（D）Not yet having been ascertained or determined.47 What is the main idea of paragraph 2?（A）The influences from parents to childrens competence can be either positive or negative.（B） Parents beliefs and behaviors are st
21、rongly related to childrens psychological and behavioral outcomes.（C） Parents who give less pressuring can raise more competitive athletes.（D）With the encouragement from parents, children can have inner motivations themselves.48 What does the author mean when he talked about the “dual role“ of paren
22、t-coach in North American?（A）Some coaches are also parents of the young athletes.（B） The parent-coach can give the athletes both positive aspects and pressure.（C） The negative influence of a parent-coach can outweigh the positive ones.（D）A parent-coach may have different influences on individual ath
23、letes and collective ones.49 What are the researchers most interested to know about in their current study?（A）To make sure about the positive or negative aspects of having a parent as a coach.（B） To interview young athletes face-to-face instead of just review the previous studies.（C） To find out som
24、e new perspectives to address the parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.（D）To include the teammates of the young athletes, not just their parents/coaches in the study.50 Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?（A）Helping youth in understanding the meaning of sports.（B） The par
25、ent-coach/child-athlete relationship in youth sport.（C） Coaches encouragement of athletes imagery use.（D）The relationship between school education and sports coaching.Part B (10 points) 51 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from
26、 the list (A、B 、C、D、E 、F 、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was conflict fought by the colonials fo
27、r the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in America affairs.(41)_. When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in
28、such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non-British areas was on an unrestricted basi
29、s by the spring of 1776.(42)_. Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American war time commerce was at it
30、s zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drasti
31、c trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British-occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.(43)_. In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly
32、4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. (44)_. Only the least commerciali
33、zed rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encoura
34、ged some investors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. (45)_.A. The rechanneling of American resources
35、into import competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.B. As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and the colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.C. Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americ
36、ans were untouched by itat least indirectly.D. Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.E. Internally, the. most pressing problems were financial.F. More important was the fact that Congress had no inde
37、pendent income and had to rely for funds on catch as catch can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.G. Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.Part B55
38、 Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky
39、 inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail
40、as well as the mail carrier. (41)_.The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer s the 21st centurys culture machine.But for all the reasons there ar
41、e to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42) _.I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to uplo
42、ad are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans arc unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then tu
43、rn around and use them to create superfluous material goods- paintings, sculpture and architectureand superfluous experiences-music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) _For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people arc still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent o
44、f widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)_.Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardes
45、t task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45)_.What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness“ creations and experiences to which others adhere.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that d
46、efine human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.B Applications like tumblr. com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other
47、 media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every
48、day.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploadingbetween passive consumption and active creation -whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.E The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears lit
49、tle similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the worlds media culture has been defined by a single medium television- -and television is defined by downloading.G The networ
