1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 111 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but【C1】_ shes worrie
2、d about what she calls “my rolling mental blackouts. “ “I try to remember something and I just blank out,“ she says.You may【 C2】_ about these lapses, calling them “ senior moments “ or blaming “ early Alzheimers (老年痴呆症) “. Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the【C3 】 _ you remember? We
3、ll, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age【C4】_ problems that are not necessarily age-related.“When a teenager cant find her keys, she thinks its because shes distracted or disorganized,“ says Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her【C5】_ “ In fact, the 70-year-old may have been【C6】_ things
4、for decades.In healthy people, memory doesnt worsen as【C7】 _ as many of us think. “As we【C8 】_ , the memory mechanism isnt【C9 】_ ,“ says psychologist Fergus Craik. “Its just inefficient.“The brains processing【C10】_ slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly【C11】_ Recent research suggests
5、 that nerve cells lose efficiency and【C12】_ theres less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, “Its not clear that less activity is【C13】_ A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than a【C14 】_ athlete. In the same way,【C15】_ the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less
6、energy on it. “There are【C16】_ you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it【C17】_ effort. Margaret Sewell says: “Were a quick-fix culture, but you have to【C18】_ to keep your brain【C19】_ shape. Its like having a good body. You cant go to the gym once a year【C20 】_ ex
7、pect to stay in top form.“1 【C1 】（A）almost（B） seldom（C） already（D）never2 【C2 】（A）joke（B） laugh（C） blame（D）criticize3 【C3 】（A）much（B） little（C） more（D）less4 【C4 】（A）since（B） for（C） by（D）because5 【C5 】（A）memory（B） mind（C） trouble（D）health6 【C6 】（A）disorganizing（B） misplacing（C） putting（D）finding7 【C7
8、】（A）swiftly（B） frequently（C） timely（D）quickly8 【C8 】（A）mature（B） advance（C） age（D）grow9 【C9 】（A）broken（B） poor（C） perfect（D）working10 【C10 】（A）pattern（B） time（C） space（D）information11 【C11 】（A）why（B） how（C） what（D）when12 【C12 】（A）since（B） hence （C） that（D）although13 【C13 】（A）irregular（B） better（C） n
9、ormal（D）worse14 【C14 】（A）famous（B） senior（C） popular（D）trained15 【C15 】（A）as（B） till （C） though（D）yet16 【C16 】（A）stages（B） steps（C） advantages（D）purposes17 【C17 】（A）makes（B） takes（C） does（D）spends18 【C18 】（A）rest（B） come（C） work（D）study19 【C19 】（A）to（B） for （C） on（D）in20 【C20 】（A）so（B） or（C） and（D）i
10、fPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain; yo
11、ur chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔
12、间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had
13、 been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you
14、deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new cli
15、ent or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepar
16、ed to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.21 According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should_.（A）demonstrate his capability（B） give his boss a good impression（C） ask for as much money a
17、s he can（D）ask for the salary he hopes to get22 What can be inferred from Beths story?（A）Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.（B） If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.（C） People should not be content with what they have got.（D）People should be careful when
18、negotiating for a job.23 We can learn from the passage that_.（A）unfairness exists in salary increases（B） most people are overworked and underpaid（C） one should avoid overstating ones performance（D）most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises24 To get a pay raise, a person should_.（A）adve
19、rtise himself on the job market（B） persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract（C） try to get inside information about the organization（D）do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions25 To be successful in negotiations , one must_.（A）meet his boss at the appropriate time（B） arri
20、ve at the negotiation table punctually（C） be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction（D）be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes25 Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American I
21、nstitute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivans Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destr
22、oying 36 000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolinas shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasnt strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugos wake, all new shoreline houses are requ
23、ired to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivans Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivans Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it rese
24、mble “a large party lantern“ at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The houses wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2. 7 meters off the ground on timber pilingslong, slen
25、der columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ash
26、ore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings.“ said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the houses ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesnt look like its standing with its pant legs pulled up.“ s
27、aid Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.26 After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolinas shoreline are required_.（A）to be easily reinforced（B） to look smarter in design（
28、C） to meet stricter building standards（D）to be designed in the shape of cubes27 The award-winning beach house is quite strong because_.（A）it is strengthened by steel rods（B） it is made of redwood（C） it is in the shape of a shell（D）it is built with timber and concrete28 Huff raised the house 2. 7 met
29、ers off the ground on timber pilings in order to_.（A）withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr（B） anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand（C） break huge sea waves into smaller ones（D）prevent water from rushing into the house29 The main function of the shell is_.（A）to strengthen the pilings of the hous
30、e（B） to give the house a better appearance（C） to protect the wooden frame of the house（D）to slow down the speed of the swelling water30 It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be_.（A）fancy-looking（B） waterproof（C） easily breakable（D）extremely strong30 The percentage of immigrants (
31、including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid-1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once agai
32、n we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of ot
33、her so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of edu
34、cational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigra
35、nts, Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacksthat large parts of the community may become mired (陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to(降入) segre
36、gated(隔离 ) , substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanizat
37、ion work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation (同化), about how to ensure
38、that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will
39、have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right. 31 How were immigrants viewed by U. S. Congress in early days?（A）They were of inferior races.（B） They were a source of pol
40、itical corruption.（C） They were a threat to the nations security.（D）They were part of the nations bloodstream.32 What does the author think of the new immigrants?（A）They will be a dynamic workforce in the U. S.（B） They can do just as well as their predecessors.（C） They will be very disappointed on t
41、he new land.（D）They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.33 What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?（A）They may slowly improve from generation to generation.（B） They will do better in terms of educational attainment.（C） They will melt into the African-American community.（
42、D）They may forever remain poor and underachieving.34 What should be done to help the new immigrants?（A）Rid them of their inferiority complex.（B） Urge them to adopt American customs.（C） Prevent them from being marginalized.（D）Teach them standard American English.35 According to the author, the burnin
43、g issue concerning immigration is_.（A）how to deal with people entering the U. S. without documents（B） how to help immigrants to better fit into American society（C） how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border（D）how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S.35 It is a wise father
44、 that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is to shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore and another $120 to get the results.More than 60 000 people have purchased the
45、PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter(无需处方的) kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to mor
46、e than $2 500.Among the most popular; paternity and kinship(亲属关系) testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists (系谱学者) and supports businesses t
47、hat offer to search for a familys geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva (唾液) in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical. “Theres a kind of false precision
48、being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,“ says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromoso
49、me(染色体) inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial(线粒体的) DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics al
