1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American
2、 marriages,【C1】_first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection【C2】_than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not【C3】_marriages for their children. Teenagers usually find mates through their own academic and social【C4 】_and begin dating in
3、 high school. 【C5 】_young people feel free to choose their friends from【C6】_groups, most choose a mate of similar【C7】_. This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot【C8】_spouses (配偶) for their children, but they can usually【C9 】_choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsu
4、itable.【C10 】_, marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriage) are【C11】_, probably because of greater mobility of todays youth and the fact that they are【C12】_by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend c
5、ollege, serve in the armed forces, 【C13】 _pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more【C14】_to date and marry outside their own social group.In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither【C15】_nor astonishing. Interfaith marriages are【C16】_the rise, e
6、specially between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriages are still very【C17 】 _. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and【C18】_a family. Marriages between people of different national【C19】_ (but the same race and reli
7、gion) have been commonplace here【 C20】_colonial times.1 【C1 】（A）specially（B） particularly（C） naturally（D）fortunately2 【C2 】（A）more（B） less（C） rather（D）better3 【C3 】（A）arrange（B） manage（C） engage（D）propose4 【C4 】（A）position（B） contract（C） association（D）contacts5 【C5 】（A）Since（B） Though（C） As（D）Hence6
8、 【C6 】（A）separate（B） independent（C） identical（D）different7 【C7 】（A）background（B） circumstance（C） situation（D）condition8 【C8 】（A）oppose（B） select（C） reject（D）approve9 【C9 】（A）influence（B） afford（C） make（D）provide10 【C10 】（A）Therefore（B） Moreover（C） However（D）Likewise11 【C11 】（A）declining（B） increasin
9、g（C） prohibiting（D）reducing12 【C12 】（A）restrained（B） reserved（C） retained（D）restricted13 【C13 】（A）but（B） so（C） or（D）otherwise14 【C14 】（A）likely（B） reluctant（C） possible（D）lonely15 【C15 】（A）scarce（B） risky（C） rare（D）rigid16 【C16 】（A）in（B） for（C） at（D）on17 【C17 】（A）normal（B） ordinary（C） uncommon（D）com
10、mon18 【C18 】（A）raise（B） grow（C） settle（D）unite19 【C19 】（A）source（B） origin（C） convention（D）immigrant20 【C20 】（A）since（B） in（C） for（D）duringPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Scholars and students have always b
11、een great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad i
12、n search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways.
13、 The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors w
14、hich have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of di
15、sciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups
16、 in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertis
17、e appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware, of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in cpnferences and symposia From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bo
18、ttom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot
19、properly investigate the incredibly complex problemsthrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialis
20、t knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.21 According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because（A）standards are higher at foreign universities（B） their governments encourage them to travel（C） salaries and conditions are better abr
21、oad（D）they are eager for new knowledge22 The writer says that travel was important in the past because it_.（A）was a way of spreading ideas（B） broke down political barriers（C） led to economic progress（D）made new ideas less schooling23 The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able
22、to travel because（A）there are so many people working in similar fields（B） there is a lot of social unrest at universities（C） their fellow experts are scattered round the world（D）their laboratories are in remote places24 The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has he
23、lped scholars to _.（A）spend less time travelling（B） cut down research costs（C） develop their ideas more quickly（D）keep up with current developments25 Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of（A）friendships formed by scholars at meetings（B） articles in learne
24、d journals（C） the work of international agencies（D）programs initiated by governments25 Millions of people pass through the gates of Disneys entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attention? What makes foreign kings and queens and o
25、ther important people want to visit these Disney parks? One reason is the way they are treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests“, as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.All new employees, from vice-presidents to part-tim
26、e workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking the general training. Here, they learn about the companys history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how important their parts are in
27、 making the park a success.After passing the general training, the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for s
28、uch a simple and ordinary job, he replied, “what happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or which bus to take back to the campground? We need to know the answer or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party. “Even Disney
29、 managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hotdogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail, and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the enter
30、tainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the companys goals more clearly.All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one long-time
31、business observer once said, “how Disney treats people, communicates with them, rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of successI have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of peopl
32、e on a daily basis successfully. It is what Disney does best. “26 The first day they come to Disney parks， all new employees_.（A）begin by receiving on-the-job training（B） must learn several jobs（C） begin as ticket takers（D）have already attended Disney University27 The main objective of Disney employ
33、ees is to_.（A）learn all parts of the business（B） see that their guests enjoy themselves（C） be able to answer all kinds of questions（D）keep their important guests happy28 Each year, managers wear special clothes and work in the park to_.（A）set a good example for employees（B） remind themselves of thei
34、r beginning at Disney（C） gain a better view of the companys objectives（D）replace employees on holiday29 Which of the following is not true according to the passage?（A）Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.（B） Disney attracts people almost from all over the world.（C） Parades
35、 are regularly held in Disneys entertainment parks.（D）Disneys managers are able to do almost all kinds work in the Disney parks.30 This passage is mainly about_.（A）how Disney employees are trained（B） the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises（C） why Disney enterprises make a lot of money（D
36、）the importance Disney places on serving people well30 The age of gilded youth is over. Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they
37、 are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are
38、 far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britains population affecting different generations.Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology (老人学) at Kings College London, who carried out much of the work, said th
39、e growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.“Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners,“ she said. “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare
40、 system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetimes earnings to care for them. “The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous gene
41、rations found it easy to raise a mortgage, todays under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house.Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents,
42、she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of 13, 000. She now earns about 20, 000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedrbom flat in central London and she sublets (转租) the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.“My father took pity and paid off my studen
43、t debts,“ she said. “But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of yearsand then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man.“Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young pro
44、fessionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.31 By saying “the growth of the proportion to younger generations. “ (Lines 23, Para. 5) , Anthea Tinker really means that_.（A）currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generation（B） traditionally wealth flows from young
45、er generation to old generation（C） with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generation（D）with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed32 Why are todays older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winne
46、rs?（A）Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but younger generation will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetimes earnings for the care of them.（B） Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.（C） Because they made small contribu
47、tions, but now can make money easily.（D）Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.33 Which factor pushed up house prices?（A）Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.（B） Many young men need to rent more houses.（C） It is easy to
48、apply for a mortgage for young generation.（D）The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.34 In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?（A）By taking photographs for magazines.（B） By marrying a rich man.（C） By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother
49、.（D）By preparing food, for photographs for some magazines.35 We can conclude from the passage that_.（A）todays under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britain（B） Laura Lenox-Conynghams attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in Britain（C） life can get harder for under-thirties in Britain（D）elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain35 Rugby is a fast, rough game that is pla
