1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 61 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in
2、 and【 C1】_itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an【C2】_mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the【C3】_act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available.Even when you arent feeling happy, smile can help【C4】_your mood. Darwin h
3、ypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our【C5】_expressions can influence our【C6】_experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has【C7 】_Darwin s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them.Smiling more may
4、 actually【C8】_your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by【C9 】_heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】_smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】_years to your life.People who smile more tend to be more【C12 】
5、_, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】_. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the【C14】_likely divorce was later in life.
6、【C15】_, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced.When Mother Teresa said “Every time you smile at someone, it is . a【C16】_to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study【 C17】 _by Hewlett Packard found that seeing anothers smile stimulated
7、the heart and【C18】_more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19 】_viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tend
8、ency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20 】_when someone else is smiling.1 【C1 】（A）on（B） with（C） by（D）of2 【C2 】（A）impressed（B） improved（C） important（D）imposed3 【C3 】（A）pure（B） easy（C） simple（D）brief4 【C4 】（A）sack（B） shift（C） slip（D）switch5
9、【C5 】（A）facial（B） superficial（C） external（D）inner6 【C6 】（A）inward（B） outward（C） emotional（D）explicit7 【C7 】（A）formalized（B） declared（C） implemented（D）validated8 【C8 】（A）execute（B） expand（C） examine（D）expect9 【C9 】（A）accelerating（B） decreasing（C） facilitating（D）increasing10 【C10 】（A）leading（B） adding
10、（C） contributing（D）resorting11 【C11 】（A）a little（B） little（C） few（D）a few12 【C12 】（A）optimistic（B） dispassionate（C） severe（D）cautious13 【C13 】（A）career（B） lifespan（C） marriage（D）friendship14 【C14 】（A）more（B） worse（C） less（D）better15 【C15 】（A）Consequently（B） Moreover（C） Conversely（D）Otherwise16 【C16
11、】（A）gift（B） regard（C） wish（D）grace17 【C17 】（A）discovered（B） converted（C） prepared（D）conducted18 【C18 】（A）stomach（B） brain（C） mindset（D）desire19 【C19 】（A）yet（B） when（C） though（D）unless20 【C20 】（A）sneer（B） blink（C） frown（D）breathePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions be
12、low each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countries b
13、y reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year.Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims has crumbled.
14、Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM)corn. Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument against GM
15、crops one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM maize.There is now no ser
16、ious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. This will r
17、equire doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear.If the Green revolution had never happened, and yields
18、 had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases and pests
19、, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming, such as grains that fix their own nitrogen.Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to prevent smallpox i
20、noculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of obscurantism and unscientific belief.21 The phrase “contributes to“(Para. 1)probably means_.（A）brings to（B） leads to（C） results from（D）introduces into22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the actions of environmentalists are reasona
21、ble（B） many studies have found the bad effects of GM crops（C） the study has aroused fierce arguments about GM crops（D）the French bans all GM crops23 In 2050, one of the biggest challenges of mankind is_.（A）to provide food for at least 9 billion people（B） to develop more cultivable land（C） to produce
22、 treble food on roughly the same area of land（D）to prevent droughts and floods24 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（A）GM crops boost the output.（B） GM crops are helpful to the wild habitat.（C） GM crops are more resistant to various disasters.（D）GM crops could vastly increas
23、e the productivity of farming.25 What is the author s attitude toward genetically modified crops?（A）Critical.（B） Supportive.（C） Disinterested.（D）Ambiguous.25 It is no longer particularly rare for women to be the main breadwinnerin the US a quarter of wives now earn more than their husbandsbut what i
24、s rarer is for such a relationship to work. A book published last week by the journalist Farnoosh Torabi draws together data showing just how hard it is: high-earning women have difficulty finding a husband, and when they do, he is five times as likely to be unfaithful as other husbands. The woman w
25、ill probably do more than her share of chores; though in the unusual event that he starts ironing and cooking, he is likely to end his marriage. Either way, divorce beckons.The majority of people, even very young couples, still seem to be in relationships where the man makes more. One fiercely cleve
26、r young man says his equally clever feminist girlfriend has told him she could never marry a man who earned less as she didn t fancy a life spent propping up his ego.One male colleague says his wife s habit of making a lot was a godsend for him as he loves money but is too lazy to make much himself.
27、 More commonly it comes when the man s professional ego is not measured in money. Various men at the FT(Financial Times)have wives earning a fortune in the city, freeing them to be relatively poorly paid hacks. Within the marriage there is the understanding that his career matters as muchif not more
28、than hers. In the same way, some female journalists support men who are musicians and designers, who love what they do, and(in the best cases)are also happy to take the lead in bringing up the children.The most interesting cases are when both started together in a similar industry but over the years
29、 the woman has overtaken the man. Most of these seem to end badly. But one successful male journalist explained how he had overcome the problem of having an even more successful wife. “Its the Piketty debate, isnt it? What matters mostinequality, or overall living standards?“ In the interests of the
30、 latter, he has wisely refused to feel any resentment and instead declares himself utterly proud of his wife.26 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 1?（A）Today, it s common for a woman to be the main breadwinner.（B） The husband of high-earning woman is more likely to be unfaithf
31、ul.（C） In the US, half of wives earn more than their husbands.（D）Many men are difficult to live with a successful wife.27 Women are unwilling to marry a man who earns less than her because such a man_.（A）can t support her（B） has nothing in common with her（C） is easy to be hurted（D）tends to be more c
32、onservative28 The case of “one male collegue“ demonstrates that_.（A）some men wish to marry a rich woman（B） some men are enjoyable to do housework（C） a successful wife is more helpful to her husband（D）a successful wife is more tolerate29 According to the journalist, how should a man face the more suc
33、cessful wife?（A）He should try his best to maintain the equality between couples.（B） He should learn to appreciate his succesful wife.（C） He should keep the balance between work and life.（D）He should learn to express his dissatisfaction in right way.30 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）tod
34、ay it s still hard for a man to accept a successful wife（B） today the equality between couples is still important（C） women are more open-minded in the marriage bonds（D）the ego of men is stronger than women s30 Students of economics are in revolt again. This year, 65 groups of students from 30 countr
35、ies established an International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics. In no other subject do students express such organised dissatisfaction with their teaching. It seems, however, to little lasting effect. Impermanence is inherent in student life: they don suits, collect their first salar
36、y and leave their complaints behind until the same gripes are rediscovered by a new group of 19-year-olds with similar naive hopes of changing the world. Still, recurrent dissatisfaction among both students and employers suggests they have a point.One cause of the problem is not specific to economic
37、s. Modern universities prize research above teaching, to a degree that would astonish people outside the system, who imagine its primary purpose is to educate the young. In reality, teaching ability plays a negligible role in university hiring, tenure and promotion decisions. Many academic staff reg
38、ard teaching as a nuisance that gets in the way of their “own“ work. If most students were not having such a good time outside the classroom, they would be angrier than they are. They should be.Students demand for more pluralism in the economics curriculum is well made. Yet much of the “heterodox ec
39、onomics“ the Manchester students suggest including is flaky, the creation of people with their own political agenda, whether Marxist or neoliberal; or of those who cannot do the mathematics the dominant rational choice paradigm requires. Their professors reject the introduction of these alternative
40、schemes for the same good reasons their science colleagues would reject phlogiston theory or creationism. Yet teachers are mistaken in their conformity, to a single methodological approachencapsulated in the claim that has taken hold in the past four decades that approaches not based on rational cho
41、ice foundations are unscientific or “not economics“. The need is not so much to teach alternative paradigms of economics as to teach that pragmatism, not paradigm, is the key to economic understanding.This eclecticism is reflected in the curriculum proposals. The subject of economics is not a method
42、 of analysis but a set of problemsthe problems that drew students to the subject in the first place. The proper scope of economics is any and all ideas that bear usefully on these topics: just as the proper scope of medicine is any and all therapies that help the patient.31 Judging from the context,
43、 what does the word “don“(Para. 1)mean?（A）Destroy.（B） Wear.（C） Discard.（D）Buy.32 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 2?（A）Teaching ability is the most important factor in teachers promotion.（B） Other subjects have the same problems with economics.（C） Morden universities pay mor
44、e attention to research than teaching.（D）Many teachers regard teaching as an obstacle in their work.33 The last sentence of the third paragraph most probably implies that_.（A）the students proposal is meaningless（B） the students proposal is impracticable（C） the professors are conservative（D）the profe
45、ssors are opposed to these alternative schemes34 According to the author, the key of understanding economics is_.（A）paradigm（B） conformity（C） methodological approach（D）pragmatism35 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The problems of economics.（B） How to teach economics?（C） The economic students trou
46、ble.（D）How to reform teaching methods?35 Google, which dominates much of life on the Internet, has been trying to expand beyond computers and telephones to living rooms, cars and bodies. It made its way a bit further into people s homes on Monday when it agreed to pay $3.2 billion in cash for Nest L
47、abs, which makes Internet-connected devices like thermostats and smoke alarms.Nest, which was started in 2010 by Tony Fadell and Matt Rogers, members of the teams that built the iPhone and iPod at Apple, will continue to operate independently under its own brand and expand its portfolio of connected
48、 versions of what it calls “unloved but important devices in the home.“ Mr. Fadell, Nests chief executive, will report to Larry Page, co-founder and chief executive of Google.Internet companies are competing for the gateway through which people live every aspect of their liveswhether searching, soci
49、alizing, reading, shopping, exercising or sleeping. Their businesses, particularly advertising, are built on watching the way people behave online. For Google, gaining visibility into peoples habits beyond computers and phoneswhether watching television using Chromecast, taking a walk wearing Google Glass or managing their homes using Nest products will provide a fuller picture of users.“Google likes to know ever
