1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 70 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 What impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many individuals are concerned about the supposed ill effects caused by r
2、adiation from handsets and base stations,【C1】_the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more【C2】_. Indeed, a systematic review【C3】_by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, gathers【C4】_of the use of tex
3、t-messaging in the【C5】_of health care. These uses【C6】_three categories; efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by【C7】_text-messaging into treatment regimes.Using texting to【C8】_efficiency is not profound science, but big savings can be achieved. Several【C9】 _carried o
4、ut in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders【C10】_the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39% , and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were【C11 】_nationally, this would translate【C12】_annual savings of 256-364 million.Text m
5、essages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, particularly to groups【C13】_are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to【C14 】_people about the World Health Organizations strategy to control tuberculosis(肺结核). In Iraq, text messages were used to sup
6、port a【C15】_to immunize nearly 5 million children【C16】_polio(小儿麻痹症).【C17 】_, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to【C18】 _their medicine, or to encourage compliance with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. However,
7、Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally【C19】_More quantitative research is【C20】_which is why his team also published three papers this week looking at the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail.1 【C1 】（A）so（B） even（C） despite（D）and2 【C2 】（A）in
8、teresting（B） abundant（C） clear（D）reasonable3 【C3 】（A）went（B） came（C） performed（D）turned4 【C4 】（A）approaches（B） situations（C） problems（D）examples5 【C5 】（A）reality（B） reorganization（C） delivery（D）discovery6 【C6 】（A）fall into（B） sum up（C） associate with（D）subject to7 【C7 】（A）cooperating（B） incorporatin
9、g（C） coordinating（D）adopting8 【C8 】（A）rise（B） boost（C） produce（D）encourage9 【C9 】（A）questions（B） incidents（C） cases（D）trials10 【C10 】（A）reduces（B） degrades（C） deserves（D）rises11 【C11 】（A）called on（B） switched to（C） carried out（D）went through12 【C12 】（A）into（B） for（C） on（D）from13 【C13 】（A）those（B） wh
10、ose（C） which（D）who14 【C14 】（A）ask（B） inform（C） adopt（D）contact15 【C15 】（A）campaign（B） event（C） decision（D）communication16 【C16 】（A）off（B） with（C） against（D）in17 【C17 】（A）Finally（B） However（C） Usually（D）Obviously18 【C18 】（A）buy（B） receive（C） get（D）take19 【C19 】（A）unscientific（B） real（C） unconfirmed（D
11、）legal20 【C20 】（A）gained（B） acquired（C） needed（D）givenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the mos
12、t far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a consider
13、able number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even
14、farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, i
15、t was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were abo
16、ut. These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press. “ So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism , “ Newman wrote , “ that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers
17、 who are not read to writers who are.Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 ,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime,though,he was also
18、one of England s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specia
19、lists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in musi
20、c criticism has been in headlong retreat.21 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that（A）arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers（B） English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews（C） high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers（D）young readers doubt the suitabil
21、ity of criticism on dailies22 Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by _.（A）free themes（B） casual style（C） elaborate layout（D）radical viewpoints23 Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?（A）It is writersduty to fulfill journalistic goals.（B）
22、It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.（C） Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.（D）Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24 What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?（A）His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.（B） His reputat
23、ion as a music critic has long been in dispute.（C） His style caters largely to modern specialists.（D）His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25 What would be the best title for the text?（A）Newspapers of the Good Old Days.（B） The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.（C） Mournful Decline of Journalism
24、.（D）Prominent Critics in Memory.25 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon, com received one for its“ one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a techn
25、ique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U. S. court of Appeals for the feder
26、al circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski,as the case is known ,is“a very big deal“ ,says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It“ has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.“Curbs on busi
27、ness-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method pat
28、ent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005,IBM no
29、ted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opp
30、osing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evalua
31、te is whether it should “reconsider“ its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were
32、 being upheld for“ inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court“ , says Harold C. Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern b
33、ecause of_.（A）their limited value to business（B） their connection with asset allocation（C） the possible restriction on their granting（D）the controversy over authorization27 Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?（A）Its ruling complies with the court decisions.（B） It involves a very big bu
34、siness transaction.（C） It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.（D）It may change the legal practices in the U. S. .28 The word“about-face“(Para 3)most probably means_.（A）loss of good will（B） increase of hostility（C） change of attitude（D）enhancement of dignity29 We learn from the last two paragra
35、phs that business-method patents_.（A）are immune to legal challenges（B） are often unnecessarily issued（C） lower the esteem for patent holders（D）increase the incidence of risks 30 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?（A）A looming threat to business-method patents.（B） Protection for
36、business-method patent holders.（C） A legal case regarding business-method patents.（D）A prevailing trend against business-method patents.30 In spite of “ endless talk of difference,“ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is“ the democratizing uniformity of dress and di
37、scourse, and the casualness and absence of deference“ characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “ a culture of consumption“ launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “ vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledge
38、able elite, “ these were stores “ anyone could enter,regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogeth
39、er elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9. 8 percent of population; in 1990,13. 6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1
40、990,3. 1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890,9. 2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage , home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of
41、origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence. “The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. “ Hence the description of America as a “graveyard“for langu
42、ages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“ have higher rates of intermarriage than do U. S. -born whites and blacks. “By the third generat
43、ion, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“ some Americans fear that immigran
44、ts living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation s assimilative power.Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America s turbulent past,today s social indices h
45、ardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.31 The word“ homogenizing“(Paragraph 1)most probably means_.（A）identifying（B） associating（C） assimilating（D）monopolizing32 According to the author,the department stores of the 19th century_.（A）played a role in the spread of popular culture（B）
46、 became intimate shops for common consumers（C） satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite（D）owed its emergence to the culture of consumption33 The text suggests that immigrants now in the U. S._.（A）are resistant to homogenization（B） exert a great influence on American culture（C） are hardly a threa
47、t to the common culture（D）constitute the majority of the population34 Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（A）To prove their popularity around the world.（B） To reveal the public s fear of immigrants.（C） To give examples of successful immigrants.（D）To show the power
48、ful influence of American culture.35 In the authors opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_.（A）rewarding（B） successful（C） fruitless（D）harmful35 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else; the
49、accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and its just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the prope
