1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 85 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Food is risky. You can choke on a hot dog, be poisoned by a pizza or die slowly from years of eating too much.【C1】_, businesses tha
2、t sell food are suspect. And what could be more【C2】_than an outlet that sells foodand then drives away before its customers expire? Small wonder that so many American cities【 C3】_on food trucks.Miami makes it extremely hard for them to operate,【C4】_do Baltimore and Chicago. Rochester, Pittsburgh and
3、 San Diego are nearly as【C5】_In New York City, a【C6】_on the number of food-truck licences available has【C7】_a black market, pushing up prices into the thousands of dollars.How【C8】_can food trucks be? Your brave correspondent sampled injera with tilapia from one【C9】_Ethiopian snack in Washington, DC.
4、 As The Economist went to press, it had not yet killed her. Perhaps this is【C10】_: food trucks are typically required to cook their food in inspected commercial kitchens.【C11 】_they cause public anger. Local restaurants【C12】_that they steal customers and pay【C13】_rent. Officials worry that their gar
5、ishness will lower the local tone. Many people merely think they are【C14】_After years of legal brawl, Alexandrias city council in Virginia has at last decided to【C15 】_food trucks in parks and parking lots, but not in the streets. The【C16】_starts in July, and the typically mean-spirited conditions a
6、re there to【C17 】_the immobile restaurant trade.【C18 】_, such rules are【C19】_. Food trucks are not that bad. Not only is street vending an important step for aspiring entrepreneurs, but food trucks have enlivened the gastronomic scene and【C20】_more local taxeswherever they have been allowed to roam.
7、1 【C1 】（A）Occasionally（B） Clearly（C） Incidentally（D）Usually2 【C2 】（A）prejudiced（B） dangerous（C） suspicious（D）marvelous3 【C3 】（A）frown（B） excite（C） agree（D）worry4 【C4 】（A）since（B） thus（C） and（D）as5 【C5 】（A）stout（B） stern（C） steady（D）sturdy6 【C6 】（A）growth（B） boom（C） cap（D）change7 【C7 】（A）created（B） t
8、riggered（C） innovated（D）introduced8 【C8 】（A）attractive（B） sad（C） wonderful（D）bad9 【C9 】（A）serving（B） reserving（C） deserving（D）preserving10 【C10 】（A）surprising（B） unsurprising（C） interesting（D）meaningless11 【C11 】（A）Although（B） While（C） Therefore（D）Nonetheless12 【C12 】（A）acclaim（B） complain（C） declai
9、m（D）reclaim13 【C13 】（A）good（B） large（C） no（D）some14 【C14 】（A）clean（B） noble（C） dirty（D）mean15 【C15 】（A）allow（B） ban（C） force（D）repel16 【C16 】（A）engagement（B） experience（C） encouragement（D）experiment17 【C17 】（A）hurt（B） protect（C） alarm（D）protest18 【C18 】（A）As a result（B） For example（C） In effect（D）On
10、 the whole19 【C19 】（A）misguided（B） disgusting（C） constructive（D）effective20 【C20 】（A）compensated（B） degenerated（C） manipulated（D）generatedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Thrifty shoppers do not have to look
11、 far to find a bargain. Offers abound in the cut-throat world of British supermarkets. Received wisdom suggests that people trying to save money on their groceries should shop around to get the best prices. But research presented on April 9th at the Royal Economic Society suggests that those who do
12、so end up paying more.Kun Tian, a researcher at Cardiff Business School, and Ji Yan of Durham University, the papers authors, argue that people who buy all their groceries at just one big supermarket pay less than those who purchase equivalent goods at a mixture of several supermarkets. Data from Ka
13、ntar World panel, a market-research firm, show similar trends. Unlike Mr. Tians study, these cover total purchases rather than comparing equivalent baskets of goods. They show that people who bought groceries in just one store during the 12 weeks to September 2013 spent 631. Those who went to ten di
14、fferent places, by contrast, forked out 1,249.Many of those high-spending shoppers probably had money to burn. But bargain hunters who visit lots of shops are exposed to more products, and thus more likely to buy things they had not planned to, argues Phil Dorsett, an analyst at Kantar. Mr. Tian rec
15、kons that irregular shoppers suffer from missing out on savings offered to more loyal customers, especially those earned after spending a lot in a particular store. Shoppers who frequent an abundance of different outlets also tend to be older, says Mr. Tian. They are less likely than people with you
16、ng families to take advantage of deals that require them to buy goods in bulk.Those who buy their groceries in fewer storesand so spend lessare also more likely to do their shopping online. And on the Internet they are more likely to buy products from supermarkets cheaper own-label ranges, says Edwa
17、rd Garner, also of Kantar. Supermarkets do not always stock such ranges in their small convenience outlets: people shopping in a hurry may as well be encouraged to buy more expensive varieties. In big stores, low-cost lines may be placed well above or below a shoppers line of sight. Search a superma
18、rkets online store, however, and they pop up just as attractively as more expensive brands. That provides much less scope for shelf deception.21 The word “cut-throat“(Line 2, Para. 1)may probably mean_.（A）cruel（B） deadly（C） rough（D）sober22 According to common sense, people who want to buy cheaper go
19、ods should_.（A）go to famous chain stores（B） bargain with the shopkeeper（C） shop at the biggest supermarket（D）compare prices at different shops23 It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that going to different stores may_.（A）be time-consuming（B） help you save money（C） cost you more money（D）be a welcome st
20、rategy24 According to Paragraph 3, what is NOT true for bargain hunters?（A）They are more likely to be impulsive customers.（B） They are more likely to become a member of a store.（C） They may be less likely to buy goods in large quantities.（D）They may miss some discounts offered to regular customers.2
21、5 It can be learned that supermarkets own-label goods_.（A）may be attractive to online shoppers（B） may attract those who shop in a hurry（C） may be put at the most obvious places（D）may be unappealing for their low prices25 Each suburban housewife, wrote Betty Friedan in 1963, struggles with a single q
22、uestion as she makes the beds, shops for groceries, drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night: “Is this all?“ A few years after her ground-breaking book “The Feminine Mystique“ was published, the Census Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at
23、 home. Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedans question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work outside the home stood at 49% : by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%. Many thought this number would continue to fall as women sought to
24、“ have it all“. Instead, the proportion of stay-at-home mothers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years, according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change. Immigrants, a rising share of the relevant generation, are more likely to be stay-at-home
25、 mums than women born in America. There is an economic component to the change, too: at the end of the 1990s, when mothers staying at home were at their rarest, the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it. Now more report that they are unable to do so, or are
26、 studying in the hope of finding work later. But there is also an element of choice: a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have college degrees.Taken as a whole, the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale. Some are highly educated bankers wives who choose not to work because they dont n
27、eed the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard. Others are poorer but calculate that, after paying for child care, the money they make sweeping floors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.The fi
28、rst group is fairly small. Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and affluent stay-at-home mothers(defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a masters degree and family income in excess of $75,000). That is 5% of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands
29、. One third of stay-at-home mothers are single or cohabiting, and on average they are poorer than the rest.26 Betty Friedan is mentioned in the first paragraph to_.（A）discuss about female writers（B） show the authors contribution（C） introduce the topic of housewife（D）introduce the topic of single mot
30、her27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（A）The lowest proportion of housewives appeared around 2000.（B） Many people think that women are becoming less independent.（C） The number of housewives has been falling in the past decades.（D）Most women think that career may be more impo
31、rtant for them.28 Now there are more stay-at-home mothers mainly because of_.（A）their laziness and lack of ambition（B） immigration and employment difficulty（C） their own choice and their husbands wish（D）immigration and low educational background29 It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the most vi
32、tal thing for women is to_.（A）spend more money on their children（B） spend more time with their children（C） balance their work inside and outside（D）earn more money to support their family30 This text mainly centers on housewives_.（A）family and social background（B） reasons for not going to work（C） pro
33、portion and education（D）proportion and situations30 When Tony Abbott became Australias prime minister in 2013, almost his first acts were to abolish the countrys Climate Commission and to promise the repeal of a carbon tax. Soon after, Japan scrapped plans to cut carbon emissions by 25% by 2020, cit
34、ing its post-tsunami shutdown of nuclear power plants. Such actions in large countriesJapan is the fifth biggest carbon emitter: Australia the 17 thgive the impression that the world as a whole is stepping away from environmental rules and laws.But according to lawmakers themselves, that impression
35、is false. In a review published on February 27th of national climate legislation in 66 countries, accounting for 88% of carbon emissions, they calculated that almost half of their parliaments passed climate-change or energy-efficiency acts in 2013. Only Japan and Australia went the other way.The new
36、 laws varied hugely. Some were sweepingtake Bolivias whimsically named Law on Mother Earth and Integral Development to Live Well. Others were narrowly targeted but could have a big impact: Canada introduced rules on exhaust from heavy lorries. Still others, including an environmental protection law
37、in the poor and violent Democratic Republic of Congo, may have all too little effect. The review considered only the quantity of legislation, not its quality. It says nothing about whether laws are implemented or effective.All the same, the patient accumulation of domestic decisions is striking. The
38、 survey by GLOBE International, a group of lawmakers, and the Grantham Research Institute of the London School of Economics, shows that the worlds stock of climate laws has risen steeply, from fewer than 50 in 2000 to almost 500 in 2013. The most active period was in 2008 -09, in the run-up to an in
39、ternational climate conference in Copenhagen, at which the signing of a treaty restricting carbon emissions was widely expected. Those hopes were dashed, but have since been rekindled, this time focused on a meeting to be held in Paris in 2015. Countries like to have new climate laws to show off at
40、such gatherings, which may partly explain why the pace of legislation did not slacken much in 2013.The nature of the laws, though, is changing. During the busy years countries put broad framework legislation on the books. All but five of the 66 passed laws to promote low-carbon energy, for instance.
41、 Now, many laws are fleshing out details of that framework legislation.GLOBE started as a talking shop for a few parliamentarians. It has now set up a formal arrangement, helped by the World Bank, to provide policy advice and swap ideas about good practice a-mong lawmakers. They need help. As the re
42、view says, there may be a lot of laws. But this does not necessarily make for better policieslet alone a more stable climate.31 According to the first paragraph, Tony Abbott seems likely to_.（A）cut down carbon emission（B） reduce taxes for his people（C） abolish outdated laws and rules（D）evade environ
43、mental regulations32 It can be learned from the second paragraph that_.（A）the 66 countries are the main polluters of the environment（B） the environmental laws will contribute greatly to the world（C） only Japan and Australia havent passed environmental laws（D）Japan and Australia have received public
44、criticism worldwide33 The authors attitude towards most countries new environmental laws seems to be_.（A）positive（B） biased（C） doubtful（D）impartial34 At the international climate conference in Copenhagen, many hoped that_.（A）more countries would attend the meeting（B） more new climate laws should be
45、introduced（C） a treaty restricting carbon emissions would fail（D）a law to limit carbon emissions would be passed35 According to the last paragraph, GLOBE aims at_.（A）assisting the World Bank（B） giving advice and sharing ideas（C） setting up a formal arrangement（D）making new climate rules and laws35 A
46、 mere 5% of the chief executives of the worlds biggest companies are women. And they are more likely to be sacked than their more numerous male colleagues: 38% of the female CEOs who left their jobs over the past ten years were forced to go, compared with 27% of the men. This is the latest finding f
47、rom the research on the top management at the worlds 2,500 largest public companies.A clue as to why women are more likely to be fired than men is provided by another statistic in the study: 35% of female CEOs are hired from outside the company, compared with just 22% of male ones. Outsiders general
48、ly have a higher chance of being kicked out, and generate lower returns to shareholders. Businesses that are already troubled are more likely to turn to outsiders: and outsiders are less likely to have a support network of friends who can rally around when times get tough.Michelle Ryan, an organisat
49、ional psychologist at the University of Exeter in England, says women face nothing less than a “glass cliff“ : they get their best shot at the top job by taking the helm of a firm in trouble. In practice, outsiders of either sex face the same plight. But since women are still fairly exotic creatures in the C-suite, they attract disproportionate publicity when they hit problems. Carry Fi
