1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 88 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In the 20th century the planets population doubled twice. It will not double even once in the【 C1】_century, because birth rates in
2、much of the world have【C2】_steeply. But the number of people over 65 is set to【C3 】_within just 25 years. This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the【C4】_that came before. But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy.【C5 】_the UNs population【C6】_, the standard
3、 source for demographic estimates, there are around 600m people aged 65 or older【C7 】_today. That is in itself remarkable: the author Fred Pearce claims it is【C8】_that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today. But【C9】_a share of the total population, at 8% , it is not that【C
4、10】_to what it was a few decades ago.By 2035 ,【C11 】_, more than 1.1 billion people13% of the populationwill be above the age of 65. This is a【C12】_result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth: they mean there are【C13】_fewer young people around. The “old-age dependen
5、cy ratio“the ratio of old people to those of working agewill【C14】_even faster. In 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 adults between the ages of 25 and 64,【C15 】_the same ratio it had in 1980. By 2035 the UN【C16】_that number to have risen to 26.In rich countries it will be mu
6、ch higher. Japan will have 69 old people for every 100 of working age by 2035, Germany 66.【C17】_America, which has a relatively high【C18 】_rate, will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70% , to 44. Developing countries,【C19】_todays ratio is much lower, will not see absolute levels ris
7、e that high:【C20】_the proportional growth will be higher. Over the same time period the old-age dependency rate in China will more than double from 15 to 36. Latin America will see a shift from 14 to 27.1 【C1 】（A）previous（B） prosperous（C） current（D）chronic2 【C2 】（A）turned（B） surged（C） changed（D）decl
8、ined3 【C3 】（A）decrease（B） double（C） increase（D）halve4 【C4 】（A）expansion（B） extent（C） diffusion（D）confusion5 【C5 】（A）Compared with（B） Because of（C） According to（D）In spite of6 【C6 】（A）projects（B） projections（C） subjects（D）objections7 【C7 】（A）vivid（B） living（C） survived（D）alive8 【C8 】（A）possible（B） pe
9、culiar（C） impossible（D）impartial9 【C9 】（A）in（B） as（C） about（D）since10 【C10 】（A）similar（B） stable（C） different（D）numerous11 【C11 】（A）whereas（B） however（C） therefore（D）likewise12 【C12 】（A）natural（B） strange（C） unforeseen（D）unbelievable13 【C13 】（A）mainly（B） consequently（C） partly（D）proportionally14 【C1
10、4 】（A）grow（B） drop（C） remain（D）decay15 【C15 】（A）actually（B） certainly（C） almost（D）already16 【C16 】（A）suspects（B） expires（C） proclaims（D）expects17 【C17 】（A）Even if（B） Even（C） If only（D）Only18 【C18 】（A）fertility（B） marriage（C） mortality（D）divorce19 【C19 】（A）which（B） there（C） where（D）that20 【C20 】（A）so
11、（B） and（C） if（D）butPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In January commuters voted Birmingham New Street one of Britains worst railway stations. Each day nearly 150,000 people move through a structure built for
12、half as many. But by next year it will be transformed, with 400 tonnes of undulating steel cladding and a vaguely eyeball appearance. The station will have “the wow factor“ , boasts Sir Albert Bore, the leader of Birmingham city council. It will also show how much attitudes to railway stations have
13、changed.Railway stations are the chief exception to the rule that Britain invests too little in infrastructure. Of the 17 big termini managed by Network Rail, the owner of Britains tracks, 11 are being redeveloped or have recently been completed. Five other stations, including Reading and Northampto
14、n, are being spruced up by local councils and Network Rail.Some simply need to be expanded: the number of train journeys has risen by 35% since 2005. But the design of New Street suggests aspirations well beyond more easeful travel. The building would not look out of place in Dubai and is striking,
15、if slightly incongruous, in the grey West Midlands. City planners wanted something monumental, like Grand Central station in New York, says Sir Bernard Zissman, chairman of the independent design panel.“ Twenty or thirty years ago business people were more likely to arrive in a city by car,“ explain
16、s Jon Neale of Jones Lang LaSalle, a property specialist. Town planners duly carved out motorways and roundabouts to entice them. In 1962 a local politician claimed that a new design for Birmingham, involving an inner ring road, would make it “one of the finest city centres in Europe“.Cities now mea
17、sure their appeal by their stations. Businesses cluster around them: at Kings Cross, a once-nasty part of north London, a postcode has been created for all the new buildings around the station, which was redeveloped in 2013. John Lewis, an upmarket department store, will open in the mall above New S
18、treet along with 60 other shops. The council hopes it will pull in visitors to the city.Such ambition recalls the stations of the 19th century. Those structures “spoke to the corporate sensibility of a city,“ says Tristram Hunt, an MP and historian, by combining commerce with the sheen of civic prid
19、e. The first New Street station, built in 1851, had the largest single-span roof in the country at the time. It was torn down by enthusiastic town planners in the 1960s. Now some of its original lustre may return.21 The phrase“ the wow factor“(Line 4, Para. 1)is closest to _.（A）magnificent（B） disapp
20、ointing（C） gorgeous（D）impressive22 It can be learned from the second paragraph that_.（A）five of the railway stations have been torn down（B） the government has spent much on railway stations（C） Network Rail owns railroads and highways in the UK（D）the UK government is generous to public construction23
21、 To the designers, a railway station must be_.（A）a symbolic building（B） slightly incongruous（C） comfortable for travellers（D）a stylish and costless building24 Several decades ago, city designers built highways mainly to_.（A）attract more merchants（B） bring in more specialists（C） appeal to migrant wor
22、kers（D）build the finest city centre in Europe25 According to the text, which one of the following is NOT true?（A）New Street station was and will be rebuilt.（B） There will be a host of stores above New Street station.（C） Kings Cross has been prosperous for several centuries.（D）The government hopes th
23、e new station will draw visitors to the city.25 Apple products are designed to say something about their owners. They also tell you something about the countries in which they are sold. Latin Americas allure as a consumer market was underlined on February 15th, when the technology firm opened its fi
24、rst retail store on the continent, in Rio de Janeiro. Apple wants a bigger slice of the regions smartphone market, which has been growing faster than any region outside Asia. But the glass screen of the iPhone 5s, Apples flagship smar-tphone, also reflects Latin Americas economic diversity.Start wit
25、h Brazil, the regions biggest consumer market. Despite slow economic growth, Apple chose to plant its flag there for a reason. The country is among the top five markets for smartphones in the world. Last year was the first when more smartphones were sold in Brazil than traditional mobile phones, acc
26、ording to Abinee, an electronics-industry association: it was also the year when tablet sales overtook those of desktop computers. As many as 1,700 people queued up to be among the first on Apples Rio premises.iPhones are beyond the reach of most people in all the countries of Latin America, but the
27、 sticker shock is particularly striking in Brazil. A 16GB iPhone 5s costs 2,519 reais($1,076), compared with an average monthly income of just under 2,000 reais in the main metropolitan regions. That makes Brazil the dearest, in dollar terms, of the countries where Apple has stores: the tax-inclusiv
28、e price of a 16 GB iPhone 5 s in the United States is around $700.The fault lies with the infamous custo Brasil, the high cost of doing business in the country. The high price of the iPhone 5s is largely due to tariffs and state and federal taxes on imports, says Luis Fernandez of Deloitte. He calcu
29、lates that a gizmo which a foreign supplier sells for 1,000 reais could end up being resold at 2,017 reais, with taxes amounting to 900 reais, or 45% , of that sum. Brazils government has introduced tax incentives for companies ready to assemble gadgets in the country. But even then, the custo Brasi
30、l hits home: iPads and older iPhones assembled locally still cost more than they do in the United States, thanks to high labour costs and expensive commercial rents.26 Apple wants to enter Latin Americas smartphone market because_.（A）it has cultural appeal to the corporation（B） there is enormous pot
31、ential in the region（C） its economy has surpassed any region except Asia（D）its speed of development is the fastest in the world27 According to Paragraph 2, which one of the following is true?（A）Most Brazilians prefer iPad to desktop computer.（B） Apple chose Brazil because of its strong economy.（C） T
32、he prospect of smartphones in Brazil is promising.（D）Smartphones have dominated Brazils market for years.28 To most people in Latin American countries, iPhones are .（A）too expensive to afford（B） particularly impressive（C） extraordinarily inexpensive（D）nothing big to their income29 The price of Apple
33、s products is high in Brazil mainly because of_.（A）high labour costs（B） large amount of tax（C） high living standards（D）expensive commercial rents30 The authors attitude towards custo Brasil is_.（A）prejudiced（B） contemptuous（C） affirmative（D）negative30 Homeland security is a strange beast. Government
34、s will happily spend billions of dollars fighting foreign wars and making the lives of travellers miserable with layer upon layer of security at airports. Yet, as Britains farmers have recently discovered, those same governments will also happily squeeze basic flood defence. What, it is worth consid
35、ering, might be done if military-sized budgets were to be deployed against natural, as well as human threats?If an odd couple of trillion dollars were hanging around in some Treasury officials back pocket, Mark Jacobson of Stanford University has a suggestion about how to spend them. He would use th
36、em to build a specially designed wind farm off the coast of Louisiana, to protect New Orleans and its neighbours from hurricanes. Katrina, after all, killed 1,833 people. That is more than 60% of the number who died in the attacks of September 11th 2001. More trillions would bring more defence: all
37、along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts, if required.Dr. Jacobsons calculations, which he describes in Nature Climate Change, depend on a clear understanding of how hurricanes work. Turbines would steal energy from them, of course, which would make them somewhat less destructive. But that would not be en
38、ough to have a big effect. However, by extracting this energy from the winds in a storms leading edge, serried rows of turbines hundreds of kilometres long would also calm the water over which the hurricanes eyeits driving forcesubsequently passed.This turns out to be crucial. Rough water feeds a hu
39、rricane, paradoxically, by creating friction between air and sea which slows down the winds circulating around the storms eye. This lets the air in those winds ascend the eyewall more easily, rather than just going around in circles. It is this ascent, which sucks yet more air into the cyclone, that
40、 powers the storm.Calming the waters before a hurricane with windmills could thus, according to Dr. Jacobsons calculations, lower its maximum wind speed by 50- 80%. It would also reduce the amount of water surging onto the land, which is the principal cause of destruction, by as much as 80%. A beast
41、 so tamed would do far less harm. And, as a bonus, when the turbines were not calming hurricanes, they could pay part of their way by generating electricity.31 In the first paragraph, homeland security is mentioned to_.（A）serve as the topic of this text（B） discuss the importance of budget（C） make co
42、mparison with flood defence（D）introduce the discussion of natural threats32 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）Mark Jacobsons suggestion is infeasible（B） trillions of dollars will be spent on defence（C） defence against natural threats is extremely vital（D）Katrina is the most serious disast
43、er in American history33 Wind farms can NOT be used to_.（A）defend hurricanes（B） protect coastal cities（C） prevent terrorist attack（D）generate electric power34 According to the last paragraph, a hurricanes destruction is mainly caused by_.（A）the sea wave triggered by the wind（B） the negligence of gov
44、ernment（C） the power of the storm itself（D）the failure of windmills35 The most appropriate title for the text is_.（A）Hurricane: The Most Serious Natural Threat（B） Wind Farm: Human Defence Against Hurricane（C） Hurricane: No More A Threat to Human Beings（D）Homeland Security: A Beast That Has Been Tame
45、d35 Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of “social blindness“(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others)occur alone. This is called high-functioning autism, or Aspergers syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autis
46、ts are often successful(sometimes very successful)members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is declining.What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than w
47、omenso much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme manifestation of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.Moreover, what is true of autism is
48、 true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is diagnosed around three times more often in boys than in girls. “Intellectual disability“ , a catch-all term for congenital low IQ, is 30 - 50% more common in boys, as i
49、s epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.Autisms precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known that make someone with them more vulnerable to the co
