1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 29 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取2010 年英译汉及详解One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community hav
2、e no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the
3、 beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1 】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round
4、about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish
5、-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless“ species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years tha
6、t we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of tree have been “read out of the party“ by economics-minded foresters because they grow to
7、o slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable fu
8、nction in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to elim
9、inate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义2007 年英译汉及详解Th
10、e study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special
11、 preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the st
12、udy of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democrac
13、y and freedom.【F2 】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the proces
14、s of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist s intellectual preparation for his or her career.【F3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an or
15、dinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting
16、will be.【F4】In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the
17、quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.【F5 】While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make the
18、ir own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 欧洲的电视媒体2005 年英译汉及详解It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, an
19、d ones impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now form
20、ing cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.【F2】In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers,
21、 magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested
22、market.【 F3】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige televis
23、ion companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.【F4】Creating a “European identity“ that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choicethat of producing p
24、rograms in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, docum
25、entary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.【F5】In dealing with a challenge on su
26、ch a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall“and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity“. A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 现代政府依赖专家人才2000 年英译汉及详解Governm
27、ents throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.【F1】Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and
28、 operational research experts.【F2 】Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments ar
29、e increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or
30、interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advi
31、ce and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.【F3】Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the rea
32、sons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,【F4】in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social
33、patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments conce
34、rned.【F5 】Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologi
35、sts and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 29 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 科学家们迅速来救驾，但拿出的证据明
36、显不可靠，其大意是：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。 本句的中心句是 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence，后面的 that 引导了一个同位语从句。后面 if 引导的条件状语从句是修饰 that 从句的。 2 【正确答案】 但是我们至少近乎承认：不管鸟类对我们有没有经济价值，生存下去都是它们的固有权利。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：介词短语的译法。 此句的主干是 we have drawn near the point。这里有一个介词短语
37、 of admitting that，这是修饰 point的定语。这里 that 从句做 admit 的宾语从句。regardless of 引导让步状语。 3 【正确答案】 有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们只是捕食“ 没有价值” 的物种。曾经生物学家有点滥用了这条证据。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。 本句的主干是 tilme was，when。这里的 when 引导的是表语从句。Time was when 是一个固定短语，意为“从前，曾经”。这里两个并列同位语从句的翻译也要格外注意，要把语序调整到中文的语序。 4 【正确答案】 在生态林业较为发达的欧洲
38、，人们认为那些非经济树种是当地森林群落的组成部分，因而理应受到保护。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：主动语态和被动语态的转换。 本句的主干是the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forestcommunity，这里的“are recognized”是被动语态，处理被动语态时候注意翻译技巧中主被动的转化。本句的开头是 where 引导的定语从句，to be preserved 用来修饰 non-commercial tree species。within reason 的意思是“合情合理，在情
39、理之中”。 5 【正确答案】 这一体系往往忽视并最终消灭很多陆地生物群落的物种，它们缺乏商业价值，但对整个生物群落的健康运行却至关重要。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句的主干是 It tends to ignore many elements，句中的两个 that 引导的从句在语义上构成转折关系，结构上属于两个并列的定语从句，修饰 the land community。本句还有插入语、定语从句以及代词，在处理翻译时应注意正常的语序。 6 【正确答案】 传统上，学习法律在这类学校里一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。【试题解析】 本句考查
40、的重点是：suchas和 rather than 平行结构的译法。 本句是一个简单句，主干为legal learning has been viewed as，rather than。Traditionally 为副词作状语，viewas 中间插入介词短语 in such institutions 作状语， as 的宾语是 the special preserve oflawyers(as)a necessary part of，rather than 连接两个并列的宾语。 of the intellectual equipment ofan educated person 作 a neces
41、sary part 的后置定语。 7 【正确答案】 另一方面，法律又将这些观念与日常实际联系在一起，就像新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法一样。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 句子主干为it links these concepts to everyday realities，in a manner作方式状语，里面有一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰 manner，该定语从句里面又嵌套了一个省略关系代词 that 的定语从句 thelinks journalists forge on a daily basis 和一个由连接词 as 引导的时间状语从句 they cover
42、 and commenton the news。此外，句子中的 it 指代上文的law，these concepts 指代前文的 justice，democracy andfreedom，翻译时要具体译出来，以使汉语表达清楚明白。 8 【正确答案】 但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，这个观点建立在对新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任理解的基础上。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句的译法。 本句的主干为the idearests on an understanding。that为同位语从句，作 idea 的同位语；of the established conventions
43、and special responsibilities of the news media 为介词结构作 understanding 的后置定语。同位语从句与定语从句的翻译策略相似，如果从句长的话，就采用拆译法，即“，这个观点”；如果从句较短，就采用合译法，即“这个观点”。这里应采用拆译法。 9 【正确答案】 事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：形式主语和定语从句。 本句的主干为it is difficult to see，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。不定式里面含有how 引导的宾语从
44、句 how journalistscan do a competent job，作 see 的宾语。on political stories 作后置定语修饰 job。who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 为定语从句修饰 journalists。此外，have a clear grasp of 意为“深刻领会、清楚了解”。这一搭配，考生应铭记于心。 10 【正确答案】 尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解并作出自己的判断。【试题
45、解析】 本句考查的重点是：让步状语从句。 本句的主干为it is preferable for journalists to rely onand make， it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。While 引导的让步状语从句译为“尽管”，为符合汉语表达习惯需增译“但是”。preferable“ 更可取的，更好的”，这里处理为副词 “最好”。rely on 意为“依靠，凭借，根据”。 11 【正确答案】 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一在最近的欧洲事务中，电视把不同的民族和国家联结在一起，作用之大前所未有。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：被动语态的转换和并列句的译法。 本句以破折号为
46、界，可看作是 and 连接的并列句， and 前面的分句主干为 Television is one of themeans，后接 by which 引导的定语从句；and 后面的分句主干为 perhaps never before has it served somuch，to connect different peoples and nations 为不定式结构作目的状语，as 引导比较状语从句，补全为 as(it has served to connect different peoples and nations)in the recent events in Europe。 12 【
47、正确答案】 在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团把相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句主干为 multimedia groups have been increasingly successful分号后面为主语 multimediagroups 的同位语，里面有个 which 引导的定语从句，又嵌套了定语从句 that work in relation to oneanother 修饰 houses。In Europe 作地点状语，as elsewhere 作比较状语。定语从句 that work in rel
48、ationto one another 由于较短可译为前置定语。multimedia groups 译为“传媒集团”，而不是 “多媒体集团”。 13 【正确答案】 仅这一点就表明在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也证实了这个事实：在 80 家欧洲电视网中，1989 年出现亏损的不少于 50。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：从句的辨别和主被动态的转换。 本句主干为This alone demonstrates that，the television business is not an easy world to survive in 作 demonstrates 的宾语，a fact und
49、erlined by statistics为同位语结构，that show为定语从句修饰 statistics，that out of eighty 为宾语从句，作 show的宾语。同位语结构中的 underlined 为被动语态，可译为主动语态“统计数据也证明了这个事实”，后加冒号，修饰 statistics 的定语从句可单独翻译放在冒号后面。underline 本意为“加下划线，强调”，句子中与 fact 搭配可译为“证实”。 14 【正确答案】 不同的文化和传统将欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“ 欧洲特色 ”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句主干为 Creating a“European identity”is no easy task and demands a strategic choice，thatrespects the different cultures and traditions为定语从句修饰“European identity”，里面又嵌套个定语从句 which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old
