1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 123 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 While Americas leaders worry about how to curb Chinas increasing influence in currency, inflation, and trade issues, they are in danger of overlooking a
2、n even larger threatone that could make those debates pointless: China is expected to surpass the U.S. in patent filings this year.Chinas National Patent Development Strategy lays out aggressive targetsa doubling of the number of patent examiners to 9,000 and 2 million patents by 2015. This includes
3、 both invention patents and utility patents, which cover engineering features. An increase in these utility patents may be even more worrisome.China is focusing its intellectual attention in the right places, industries like sustainable power and new automobile technologies. It already operates the
4、worlds fastest supercomputer and it leagues ahead of the U.S. in high-speed rail development and many forms of alternative energy.China has made a commitment not only to new ideas, but fast-tracking their ownership. With the country mandating that products not only be sold in China but formed and en
5、gineered there, winning the trade war will be difficult.New ideas are essential because 21st century trade will not be defined by who makes what, but who makes things better. And while the U.S. stalls, China moves ahead. Take American jet maker Boeing(BA), for example. Boeing has again announced a d
6、elay of its 787 Dreamliner. At the same time, China announced a joint-venture agreement with General Electric(GE)giving it access to sophisticated airplane technology, including some of the same components used in Boeings Dreamliner. The U.S. must be smarter and tougher to succeed.New inventions and
7、 innovations will count for nothing if the intellectual property behind these ideas can be copied and mass-produced. China aims to invest in the development of new technology while turning a blind eye to intellectual-property theft. The U.S., which spends over twice as much on litigation as it does
8、on research, needs to do more to get tough on these copycats. As the No. 1 economy, the U.S. must pressure China to rein in patent abuses and expand trade.China is listening. Recognizing it has a place as a global superpower, its vowed not to use pirated software in any government offices. Acknowled
9、ging the problem is a start, but by no means the end.Ultimately, it may be in Chinas interest to relax trade restrictions and open up the market to American imports. The U.S. has signaled that a more conciliatory trade policy is a possibility, but only if China opens up its own market to American pr
10、oducts. A little competition will go a long way toward driving new ideas for both countries. The U.S. has shown itself to be an invention hub: entrepreneurial, risk-taking, and hands-on. If the U.S. cannot remain intellectually competitive, a few inflationary percentage points will be the least of t
11、he countrys problems.1 According to the text, we can learn that Chinese patent filings_.（A）are not 100 percent home-conceptualized（B） mainly take place in sustainable power and car technologies（C） could arouse American governments fearfulness and agitation（D）are expected to excel US in number and qu
12、ality2 What China has scored in the field of patent indicates that_.（A）China will overtake US as the dominant country in innovation and creativity（B） Chinas focus is to create the new and revolutionary and to repurpose others ideas（C） Chinas accomplishment concerning innovations still leaves much to
13、 be desired（D）U.S. is in danger of losing the patent race to China3 On which of the following statement would the author LEAST agree?（A）China, as a superpower, should be responsible for containment of IP abuses.（B） U.S. companies operating in China should be on a more equal footing to Chinas own.（C）
14、 It is of great difficulties for America to have a trade surplus with China.（D）The mass-production of new ideas and intellectual property is a blessing and curse.4 The authors attitude towards Chinas advancement on patents is one of_.（A）objectiveness（B） ambivalence（C） skepticism（D）concern5 Which of
15、the following is the best title for the text?（A）USs Ramshackle Hegemony over Innovation（B） China: The Intellectual-Property Battleground（C） IP Infringement in China（D）China: An Incoming Creativity Hub5 More and more, it seems, the same tech tools we depend on to get through the day are often the sou
16、rce of our frustrations. Gadgets have gotten better: They do more, are smaller, and cost less. But they dont work quite the way we want them to, do they? Text-messaging and camera-phone features that obscure access to your voice mail. Camcorder batteries that die in the middle of your sisters weddin
17、g. The sick PC that sends copies of its virus to everyone in your e-mail address book.But there is reason for renewed hope. More companies are discovering that one key to reining in unruly tech is simplicity itself; that is, less is actually more. A few years ago, it seemed only a sprinkling of comp
18、anies offered products that in their design emphasized ease of use and dependability over frilly, rarely used features. Now analysts report that whole industriesamong them cellphones, consumer electronics, and, yes, even computersseem to be shifting back to basics, with a few companies taking the le
19、ad. The downside to this switch for now is that simplicity and reliability oddly enough tend to cost extra. An Apple Macintosh, widely considered user-friendly, costs at least several hundred dollars more than a Windows-based PC. Verizon Wireless, rated by many the most reliable cellphone service, g
20、enerally costs more than Sprint, Cingular, or T-Mobile. But that effective surcharge could fade if brand loyalty surges for companies that prioritize efficient, friendly design.So how did we go from the days of small, color TVs and bricklike mobile phones to high-definition home theaters and smart p
21、hones that are too clever by half? The blame for the personal tech mess goes both ways. Companies are eager to crank out new products with new features. Its a quick way to get attention, distancing a product from competitors and dusting upstarts in a cutthroat arena. Shoppers, meanwhile, are routine
22、ly seduced by the new bells and whistles. Consumer electronics tend to be among the more expensive purchases people make during the year, so why not get the gizmo that does more? “Were all trapped in an economic myth that more is better,“ says John Maeda, a media arts and sciences professor at the M
23、assachusetts Institute of Technology.Haddon Fishers Motorola phone locks up a couple of times a day, says the Syracuse University sophomore. He has also had to put up with a PC that would spontaneously reboot while he slept or attended class. “You learn to live with a certain level of pain,“ he says
24、. Such vexations, repeated across the country, have eroded confidence in tech manufacturers. A recent survey conducted for Royal Philips Electronics found that two thirds of American consumers have lost interest in a tech product because it looks too complexand half think the manufacturers are just
25、guessing at what will sell, rather than listening to their customers.6 In paragraph 1, the author cites the examples in order to demonstrate that_.（A）gadgets do not function as we would like（B） gadgets work, but we do not use them properly（C） gadgets are smaller and cost less（D）people need clear ins
26、tructions on how to use new gadgets7 Why might less mean more as far as modern gadgets are concerned?（A）Gadgets cost less and do more things.（B） Simple gadgets cost more than complex ones.（C） Gadgets with fewer features are less likely to let you down.（D）Most people prefer simple gadgets.8 “Dusting
27、upstarts in a cutthroat arena“ in paragraph 3 means_.（A）matching your competitors in the marketplace（B） introducing new features in gadgets that are on the market（C） defeating competitors in a competitive market（D）competing effectively with companies that introduce new, unnecessary features9 Why do
28、people buy products that do more, even if they are less efficient or less user-friendly?（A）Because people usually purchase brand-name products, regardless of actual quality.（B） Because we live in a consumer society.（C） Because we think we are getting a better deal.（D）Because people are unaware of wh
29、at exactly they are purchasing.10 American consumers are losing interest in tech products because_.（A）the products are too difficult to use（B） the companies dont listen to consumer complaints（C） US-made electronics are unreliable（D）consumers are losing faith in products that dont do what they want t
30、hem to do10 Fasting glucose(葡萄糖 )and insulin(胰岛素)levels remain within normal range for women using injectable or oral contraception, with only slight increases among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate(DMPA), commonly known as the birth control shot, according to new research from the Univ
31、ersity of Texas Medical Branch(UTMB Health)in Galveston.The study is published in the January 2011 issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology and conducted over three years. Researchers found that DMPA users glucose levels increased steadily during the first 30 months of use, with the greatest increase occu
32、rring during the first six months. The observed increases, which were less than those reported in previous studies, were not significant enough to cause concern.There are 62 million women of reproductive age in the United States. More than two million American women use DMPA, including approximately
33、 400,000 teens, and more than 11 million use oral contraception.“Previous studies were limited in scope and offered conflicting results, which led physicians to question whether hormonal(荷尔蒙的, 激素的)contraception could lead to diabetes,“ says lead author Dr. Abbey Berenson, professor, Department of Ob
34、stetrics and Gynecology and director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Womens Health. “Further studies are needed to determine how women with diabetes are affected by DMPA and oral contraception, but these results are reassuring for non-diabetic women already receiving the shot or on t
35、he pill.“The findings are the fourth in a series of UTMB Health studies published in Obstetrics and Gynecology that add to the growing literature enabling physicians to better counsel women accurately about the positive and adverse side effects associated with widely used forms of contraception. Oth
36、er studies included in the series examined the effect of contraception on weight gain and bone density loss.In a study published in January 2010, Berenson and UTMB Health co-author Dr. Mahbubur Rahman examined the relationship between contraception and bone mineral density(BMD)loss. They found:Nearl
37、y half of women using DMPA experienced high BMD loss in the hip or lower spine within two years of beginning the contraceptive. Women using DMPA who smoke, have low levels of calcium intake and never gave birth were at the highest risk for BMD loss. High-risk women continued to experience significan
38、t loss in BMD during the third year of DMPA use, especially in the hipthe most common fracture site in elderly women. Age, race or ethnicity, previous contraceptive use and body mass index(BMI)were not associated with higher BMD loss.“Taken together, this body of research helps dispel myths surround
39、ing birth control and shed light on side effects that had been anecdotally reported but not yet proven,“ says Berenson. “Physicians can now better explain the risks and benefits of various birth control methods and take appropriate action to protect patients long-term health, which may include switc
40、hing to another contraception method.“11 According to Paragraph 1, we can imply that_.（A）injectable contraception does no harm to womans health（B） women who use DMPA may have a greater tendency for diabetes（C） contraceptive methods will not raise ones glucose and insulin levels（D）UTMB Health suggest
41、ed DMPA be abandoned12 Dr. Abbey Berenson held the point in Paragraph 4 that_.（A）overuse of DMPA or oral contraception will lead to diabetes（B） it is not suggested that any means of contraception should be adopted（C） women who take injectable or oral contraception may not be worried（D）women should s
42、witch from DMPA to non-hormonal contraception13 Which of the following is not true in the case of Berenson and Rahmans study published in January 2010?（A）Overall contraceptive methods may have adverse side effects, especially on bones.（B） Women using DMPA experience a loss of bone and weight.（C） The
43、re is no direct relationship between a womans age and her BMD loss.（D）The most common fracture site in aged women is the hip.14 On which of the following would the author most probably disagree?（A）The public has continuously paid attention to the effects of DMPA on health.（B） The study proposed by B
44、erenson and Rahman facilitates doctors judgments and actions.（C） Using DMPA may cause increase of womens glucose and insulin levels.（D）Injectable and oral birth control do not adversely affect glucose and insulin levels.15 The authors attitude towards DMPA is one of_.（A）objectiveness（B） condemnation
45、（C） criticism（D）advocacy15 Few things say “forget Im here“ quite so eloquently as the pose of the shythe averted gaze, the hunched shoulders, the body pivoted away from the crowd. Shyness is a state that can be painful to watch, worse to experience and, in survival terms at least, awfully hard to ex
46、plain. In a species as hungry for social interaction as ours, a trait that causes some individuals to shrink from the group ought to have been snuffed out pretty early on. Yet shyness is commonplace. “I think of shyness as one end of the normal range of human temperament,“ says professor of pediatri
47、cs William Gardner of Ohio State University.But normal for the scientist feels decidedly less so for the painfully shy struggling merely to get by, and thats got a lot of researchers looking into the phenomenon. What determines whos going to be shy and whos not? What can be done to treat the problem
48、? Just as important, is it a problem at all? Are there canny advantages to being socially averse that the extroverts among us never see? With the help of behavioral studies, brain scans and even genetic tests, researchers are at last answering some of those questions, coming to understand what a com
49、plex, and in some ways favorable, state shyness can be.For all the things shyness is, there are a number of things its not. For one, its not simple introversion. If you stay home on a Friday night just because you prefer a good book to a loud party, youre not necessarily shynot unless the prospect of the party makes you so anxious that what youre really doing is avoiding it. “Shyness is a greater than normal tension or uncertainty when were with strangers,“ says psychologist Jerome Kagan of H
