1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 488 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Almost every year since the end of the financial crisis has started with rosy expectations among American forecasters, and this one is no different. Sto
2、ck markets are buoyant, consumer confidence is improving, and economic seers are raising their growth forecasts for 2014. Americas S before the mid-1970s it was closer to the Commonwealth than to continental Europe. That generation grew up doubtful about diversity. East European immigrants, who bega
3、n arriving in large numbers in the mid-2000s, doubly offend them. Bobby Duffy of Ipsos MORI, who has conducted focus groups with members of this generation, reports that the prospect of retirement makes people worry about their childrens chances.For Generation X, mass immigration, European integrati
4、on and multiculturalism are part of the furniture. They grew up in a more individualistic Britain; which, says Mr. Ford, explains their relative distaste for authority, homogeneity and flag-waving. This, like university attendance (more common among this group than their parents), tends to make peop
5、le more tolerant of different races and nationalities. Thus Generation Xs experiences are closer to those of Generation Y than to the baby boomersa fact reflected in Ipsos MORIs findings.11 We can infer from Paragraph 1 that _.（A）the U. K. has strict travel restrictions（B） all Britons support travel
6、 restrictions（C） most people like travelling to Britain（D）most developed countries dislike immigration12 Which generation seems to dislike immigrants most?（A）The younger generation.（B） Generation Y.（C） Generation X.（D）Baby boomers.13 Robert Ford found that _.（A）the views of the young and the old are
7、 converging in Germany（B） generation gap is larger in the U.K., compared with many others（C） Britain seems to be unique because people have different views（D）the gap between the old and the young in Germany is larger than in Britain14 Which one is NOT true about baby boomers?（A）They are dubious abou
8、t diversity.（B） They hate immigrants from Eastern Europe.（C） They worry about their own prospect when they retire.（D）They are concerned about their childrens opportunities.15 Which of the following are true about generation X except _.（A）mass immigration and cultural integration are the most importa
9、nt factors to them（B） individualism is their basic ideology（C） authority and homogeneity are not favored by them（D）their experiences are identical to Generation Ys15 Of all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by priva
10、te companies, they constitute a public good, both because they can prevent epidemics and because healthy people function better as members of society than sick ones do. They carry a moral weight that most privately traded goods do not, for there is a widespread belief that people have a right to hea
11、lth care.Innovation accounts for most of the cost of production, so the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture, making them unaffordable to many poor people. Firms protect the intellectual property (IP) that drugs represent and sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented
12、 drugs cheaply. For all these reasons, pharmaceutical companies are widely regarded as vampires who exploit the sick and ignore the sufferings of the poor.These criticisms reached a summit more than a decade ago at the peak of the HIV plague. When South Africas government sought to legalise the impo
13、rt of cheap generic copies of patented AIDS drugs, pharmaceutical companies took it to court. The case earned the nickname “Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela“. It was a low point for the industry, which wisely backed down.Now arguments over drugs pricing are rising again. Activists are suing to block the
14、patenting in India of a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been approved by American regulators. Other clashes are breaking out, in countries from Brazil to Britain. But the main battlefield is the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a proposed trade deal between countries in Asia and the Americas. The
15、 parties have yet to reach an agreement, partly because of the drug-pricing question.Under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, a deal signed in 1994, governments can allow a generic drugmaker to produce a patented medicine. Americahome of most of the worlds big pharma, whose c
16、onsumers pay the worlds highest prices for drugswants to use the TPP to restrict such compulsory licences to infectious diseases, while emerging-market countries want to make it harder for drug firms to win patents.The reoccurrence of conflict over drug pricing is the result not of a sudden emergenc
17、y, but of broad, long-term changes. Rich countries want to slash health costs. In emerging markets, people are living longer and getting rich-country diseases. This is boosting demand for drugs for cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases. In emerging markets, governments want to expand access to
18、 treatment, but drugs already account for a large share of health-care spending. Meanwhile, a wave of innovation is producing expensive new treatments.16 Pharmaceuticals are important because _.（A）they carry a moral weight（B） they can prevent and cure diseases（C） they can reflect a countrys economy（
19、D）they will make society function better17 According to Paragraph 2, we can learn that _.（A）innovation is the most important thing for production（B） poor people can hardly afford drugs（C） drugs cost more than their manufacturing（D）some companies are considered as exploiters18 The example of HIV plag
20、ue is to _.（A）illustrate how drug firms protect the price of the drug（B） demonstrate AIDS is an extremely hazardous disease（C） prove that government has nothing to do to cut down the price of the drug（D）show how the nickname “Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela“ was earned19 The main idea of Paragraph 4 is
21、_.（A）battles in medical field（B） cases of patented drugs（C） conflicts among countries（D）arguments over medicine price20 According to the last paragraph, which one is true about emerging markets?（A）Most people suffer from long-term diseases.（B） People get diseases much more easily than before.（C） Peo
22、ples lifespan has been greatly prolonged.（D）Imported drugs price has been greatly cut down.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 488 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 A、B、D 都是对第一段内容的表述，并有扭曲，第二段首句发生了转折“Yet amid t
23、he new-year cheer, it is worth remembering that almost every year since the financial crisis upbeat expectations have been disappointed.”选项 C 符合转折部分所表达的核心内容。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干中的“predictors in America”相当于第一段第一句的“American forecasters”；“usually”相当于“almost every year”；“after economic crisis”相当于“since t
24、he end of the financial crisis”，故可以确定该题对应首段首句。该句为：Almost every year since the end of the financial crisis has started with rosy expectations among American forecasters, and this one is no different. (几乎每次经济危机结束后的第一年，美国预测员就开始了乐观预期，这一次也不例外。) 其中最有困扰性的是 rosy 一词，其意思为“玫瑰般的，美好的，乐观的”，因此可以判断选项 A 为答案。其中“hopef
25、ul”=“rosy” ；“prospects”=“expectations”，其余各项均与首段首句的关键词 rosy expectations 无关。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干中的“the biggest threat of this economic crisis”我们可以定位到第二段末句：The biggest danger this time round is the optimism itself. 其中，“the biggest threat”=“the biggest danger”。故答案就是原文中提到的“optimism itself”。四个选项中只有 D 提到
26、 optimistic 一词，故为答案。选项 A 具有一定干扰性。第二段第一句提到：almost every year since the financial crisis upbeat expectations have been disappointed. (几乎每一次经济危机之后的乐观预期都会令人失望。) 原文说的是“预期令人失望”，而不是选项 A 说的“经济危机令人失望”，该项是很明显的偷换概念。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这种提问方式我们只能将四个选项逐一和原文进行比对。选项 A, Economy in Britain is becoming better 相当于原文第三段第二
27、句：Britains recovery is gathering pace. 故选项 A 是正确的，与题干所问的 NOT true 不符，故不是答案。选项 B，Economy in Europe is not promising at all 对应原文：Even Europes prospects are less dismal. 其中 not promising at all 是否定表达，而原文的less + dismal 是双重否定表肯定，其中 dismal 表示“凄凉的，低落的”，故这两个表达是不吻合的，该项表述错误，即为答案。选项 C, American economy is on t
28、he way to recovery 意为“美国经济正在复苏的路上”。该项与该段最后一句“But America is driving this recovery (美国很好地控制着经济复苏。)”的表达是吻合的，故该项也是正确的表述，即不是答案。选项 D, Japan can tackle the problem of consumption tax 与原文“Japans economy seems strong enough to cope with the imminent rise in its consumption tax”也是相符的。综上所述，选项 B 是答案。5 【正确答案】 D
29、【试题解析】 选项 A“中国和德国可能增加它们的需求 ”，不符合第一句“More spending by American firms and households will, in turn，buoy demand for goods and services from everywhere from China to Germany”所表达的内容。选项 B 中的“Americas economy”是对第二句中“Americas appetite for foreign wares”的夸大。选项 C 中的“decrease imports”不等于第二句中的“push up exports”，
30、二者并无直接关系，不能对应替换。选项 D 符合最后一句“The resulting support for growth will, in turn，improve domestic confidence from Europe to Japan”所表达的内容。“提高欧洲各国和日本的国内信心”，就意味着“可能变得更乐观”。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项 A 和 C 可以定位到第一句，但“The new aircraft represents a $250m bet”表明这只是一个“bet”，即“打赌”，并非事实。选项 D 定位到最后一句“if outsourcing some manu
31、facturing to Mexico ensured Bombardiers future, it would safeguard their own jobs for years to come”，请注意其中的“if”，暗示只是一种有前提的假设，而 D 选项的陈述直接夸大为了事实。选项 B 可以定位到第二句话，“because it was seeing old European rivals go bust and new ones emerging in lowcost countries such as China and India”，“old European rivals go
32、 bust” 与“new ones emerging”都是原因，所以 B 选项符合原文意思。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 A 对应原文第二段第一句“politicians are starting to pay more attention to NAFFA”，其中选项中的“always” 与原文的“are starting to”明显不符，故该项错误。选项 B 对应原文的“ NAFTA, which in recent years has been failing to live up to its early promise.”其中“failing to live up to(没
33、有做到)”与该项的“has reached(已经达到 )”相悖，故错误。选项 C 对应“A shared concern with employment is one of the reasons that politicians are starting to pay more attention to NAFTA(对就业的共同关注是政客们开始关注 NAFTA 的原因之一)”。这与 C 项“政客重视 NAFTA 的目的之一在于促进就业”的表述一致，故该项为答案。D 选项对应第二段最后一句，其中“all countries except Mexico”是原文未提到的，故该项错误。8 【正确答案
34、】 D【试题解析】 选项 A 对应第三段第二、三行：the United States exports more to Mexico than to the BRIC countriesBrazil, Russia, India and Chinacombined. 根据这句话我们知道该项是正确的，非题干所问的 NOT true 对应的答案。选项 B对应“There needed to be freer movement of “goods, people and information” across the borders, despite security worries”一句。其中“d
35、espite security worries”意为“尽管安全问题令人担忧”，说明该项表述也是正确的，故不是答案。选项 C 对应该段首句：In May 2013 Barack Obamawho in 2007, on the campaign trail, called NAFTA a “mistake”trumpeted cross-border trade on a visit to Mexico. (2013 年5 月，巴拉克奥巴马在访问墨西哥时倡导跨国贸易。而在 2007 年竞选巡回演讲中，他却称北美自由贸易协定是一个“错误”。) 通过这句话我们知道该项说“美国政府如今更重视与墨西哥的
36、贸易”是正确的。选项 D 对应最后一句： He acknowledged that politicians had held up such improvements. 其中“held up(阻碍)”与该项的“greatly improved(大大促进)”完全相反，故该项是错误的。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 A 对应第四段第三、四行：Canada, however, long ago started seeing Mexico as a rival in its relationship with the United States, rather than a partner.
37、可见加拿大是把墨西哥看作了对手，而不是该项说的把墨西哥和美国当作竞争对手。该项中 Mexico and United States 一处与原文不符，故错误。选项 B 对应第一句，尽管第四段未提到 NAFTA 一词，但我们知道该段提到的美国、加拿大和墨西哥都是北美国家，而该项说“NAFTA 为北美三个国家带来的只有好处”，这与该句提到的“the fear of job losses, illegal drugs, crime and immigration from Mexico”完全相悖，故该项错误。选项 C 同样对应第一句，意思为：美国政治家预测到了北美国家紧密结合后可能出现的问题，这与原文
38、提到的 fear of job losses 等内容相符合，故该项正确。选项 D 对应最后一句： Mexico, in which almost half of the population lives in poverty, much the same level as 20 years ago, has mixed feelings. 其中“mixed feelings(复杂的情感)”与该项的“feel optimistic”不符合，故该项错误。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第一段通过讨论墨西哥的劳动力引出北美国家就业问题，引出第二段首句的 NAFTA，第二句的 rebootin
39、g the agreement 等关键信息，文章后面三段讨论的都是关于重新启动 NAFTA 以及可能面对的问题。其中第二段的shared concern，第三段的 mistake，security worries，第四段的 by fear of 等信息都体现了问题的存在，故 A 选项最能体现文章大意。11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据第一段第二句：Sure enough, when travel restrictions on Romanians and Bulgarians 我们知道选项 A 的表述是正确的。选项 B 文章中未提及，只是在首句提到：Britons dislike imm
40、igration. (英国人不喜欢移民。)并没有提到英国人是否支持旅游限制，故该项错误。选项 C 和 D 无中生有。故答案为选项 A。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干中的“generation”，“immigrants”等关键词以及出题顺序可以定位到第二段。该段第二句提到：Although immigrants are often said to deprive younger Britons of entry-level jobs and housing, 虽提及 younger Britons(即 A 项的 younger generation)，但并未提到他们对移民的看法，故
41、选项 A不是正确答案。而后半句说：members of Generation Y (born in 1980 or later) and Generation X (born between 1966 and 1979) are ambivalent towards them. 通过这句话我们知道 Y 一代和 X 一代对于移民的态度是“ambivalent(矛盾的)”，也非题目问的 dislike most，故非答案。该段倒数第二句提到：By contrast, the baby boomers (born between 1945 and 1965) and the old, who ben
42、efit most from cheap carers and cleaners, counterintuitively think immigrants a drag. 从中可以得知婴儿潮这代人认为移民是“drag(累赘)”，故这个群体是所有人中最不喜欢移民的人，从而得出该题答案为选项 D。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干中的“Robert Ford” 定位到第三段第二行的“According to Robert Ford”一处，故答案来自之后的一句话，即该段最后一句：the gap between the old and the young is larger in Brita
43、in than in America, France or Spain, too. 根据该句可以判断出选项 B 与之是同义替换关系，其余选项都非该题目所问答案。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据题干中的“baby boomers”和出题顺序定位到第四段，该段围绕婴儿潮这一代人进行讨论。选项 A 与该段第三句“That generation grew up doubtful about diversity”对应。其中“that generation”指代上文提到的“baby boomers”，“doubtful 对应该项的 dubious”，故选项 A 表述正确，非答案。选项B 对应该段
44、“East European immigrants, who began arriving in large numbers in the mid-2000s, doubly offend them”这句话。其中“doubly offend them( 加倍冒犯了他们)” 相当于该项的“hate”，故该项表述正确，非答案。选项 C 和 D 对应该段最后一句：reports that the prospect of retirement makes people worry about their childrens chances. 可见 baby boomers 担心的是自己子孙的问题，而非
45、自身问题，故 D 正确，C 错误，即 C 项为该题的答案。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项 A 是对末段第一句的曲解，原文说 “mass immigration, European integration and multiculturalism are part of the furniture”，“part of”表示“是的一部分”，不能等同于选项中的“the most important factors”。选项 B是对原文末段第二句的曲解，“they grew up in a more individualistic Britain”不代表“个人利己主义是他们的基本意识形态”，属
46、于夸大了原意。选项 D 是对最后一句的误解。“Thus Generation Xs experiences are closer to those of Generation Y than to the baby boomersa fact reflected in Ipsos MORIs findings”中的“are closer to”表示“更近”，不表示“identical(一模一样)”。选项 C 符合最后一段“their relative distaste for authority, homogeneity and flag-waving”，“relative distaste”表
47、示“相对的厌恶”，显然可以推出和覆盖选项 C 中的 “not favored”，即“不赞成”之意。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干中的“pharmaceuticals”一词定位到第一段。该段首句提到：pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious(药品也许是最受争议的。) 显然这与该题题于中 important 一词不符，而我们从后面会找到这么一句：they constitute a public good. 其中 they 指代上文中的 pharmaceuticals，“public good(公共利益)”与题干中的“import
48、ant(重要的)”比较接近，故该题答案来自之后的一句“because they can prevent epidemics”，其中“they”指代“pharmaceuticals”，“epidemics”=“diseases”，故我们确定 B 项为答案。选项 A 虽然在原文中有提到，但答非所问。选项 C 在该段原文中未提到，属于无中生有。而选项 D 意为：药品使社会更好地运行，原文说“healthy people function better as members of society(健康人作为社会一员能更好行使其职能)”，可见两者表达并不一致，故选项 D 错误。17 【正确答案】 B【试
49、题解析】 该题定位在文章第二段。第一句“Innovation accounts for most of the cost of production”意思是“创新占据生产成本的大部分”，选项 A“创新是生产的最重要因素”曲解了该句的意思。第一句后半句“so the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture，making them unaffordable to many poor people”的意思是“所以药价比其生产成本要高得多，这使得许多穷人负担不起药物 ”，选项 B“穷人几乎买不起药品”与其意思一致，故正确。选项 C 是对第二段中“the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture”的误解，“药价比其生产成本要高得多”，并不是“药物本身比生产成本高”，故错误。选项 D 中的“some companies”不等于原文最后一句的“pharmaceutical companies”。阅读理解要求精细准确，不允许概念模糊，更不能偷换概念。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根
