1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 490 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 In 1930, when the world was “suffering from a bad attack of economic pessimism“, John Maynard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, “Economic Possibi
2、lities for our Grandchildren“. It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave the grandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents. But the path was not without dangers.One of the worries Keynes admitted was a “new disease“: “technological unemployment due to ou
3、r discovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour.“ His readers might not have heard of the problem, he suggestedbut they were certain to hear a lot more about it in the years to come.For the most part, they did not. Nowadays, the majo
4、rity of economists confidently wave such worries away. By raising productivity, they argue, any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase incomes. That will generate demand for new products and services, which will in turn create new jobs for displaced workers. To think otherwis
5、e has meant being tarred a Ludditethe name taken by 19th-century textile workers who smashed the machines taking their jobs.For much of the 20th century, those arguing that technology brought ever more jobs and prosperity looked to have the better of the debate. Real incomes in Britain scarcely doub
6、led between the beginning of the common era and 1570. They then tripled from 1570 to 1875. And they more than tripled from 1875 to 1975. Industrialisation did not end up eliminating the need for human workers. On the contrary, it created employment opportunities sufficient to absorb the 20th century
7、s exploding population. Keynes vision of everyone in the 2030s being a lot richer is largely achieved. His belief they would work just 15 hours or so a week has not come to pass.1 According to John Maynard Keynes, the economy may _.（A）develop toward a favorable direction for our grandchildren（B） suf
8、fer from great economic recession and pessimism（C） experience a temporary stagnation for our grandchildren（D）experience dangers in the future and suffer stagnation2 The phenomenon of technological unemployment appears because _.（A）the machine will finally replace all human labour（B） the machine can
9、complete some work that human cant（C） with the advent of the machine, many workers become lazier（D）the pace of making new machines is faster than finding new use of labour3 Most economists argue that automation will increase incomes if _.（A）new jobs are created（B） productive force is boosted（C） the
10、machine replaces human labour（D）demand for new products is generated4 We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（A）industrialization will increase the unemployment rate（B） technology will bring less work opportunities but more fortune（C） generally speaking, people now work more than 15 hours a wee
11、k（D）Keynes predicted people would become richer but it didnt come true5 What is the main idea of the text?（A）Machine will be the future.（B） Technology delivers more employment.（C） Technological unemployment will long exist.（D）Economic depression leads to unemployment.5 Three years ago, on January 13
12、th, Rukhsar Khatun, then 15 months old, was diagnosed with polio. She now has a crippled leg and struggles to keep up with her friends. But this little girl, from a West Bengali village, can claim some fame: she is, with luck, the last Indian to be infected with the wild polio virus. Enough time has
13、 passed with no new case for India shortly to be certified as free of the pain.That is a big success. Indias anti-polio campaign began in 1995 with severe disadvantages. The country spends little on public health, barely 1% of GDP, and has been awful at immunising children. Too few parents know the
14、basics of hygiene and nutrition, let alone the benefits of vaccines. India has bad sanitation, large remote populations and vast migration from village to slum.Yet much has gone right. The anti-polio campaign received over $3 billion, mostly from within India itself, and deployed 2.4m vaccinators. U
15、NICEF, the World Health Organisation (WHO), Rotary International and the Gates Foundation (both charities) gave technical help. Religious leaders reassured people suspicious about vaccinations, and politicians knocked on doors to make sure children took their medicine.At the peak of coverage, 99.1%
16、of the target population swallowed anti-polio drops, says Anuradha Gupta of the national health ministry. That is surprisingly high, considering that a decade ago “universal“ vaccination coverage for seven preventable diseases was a pitiful 30% in Bihar, a big, poor northern state.Indias campaign ha
17、s been successful enough for its lessons to be applied in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the last places with endemic polio. Vaccinators learned to attend especially to mobile populations, like seasonal workers at brick kilns, and found that many migrants are best reached not at home but in bus
18、and railway stations.Good monitoring was crucial, too. In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, vaccinators visited 60m households several times a year, says Hamid Jafari of the WHO. To compile data on receivers, some 400,000 hard-to-reach population groups were carefully tracked and plotted, down to each househ
19、old. Data passed early to decision-makers, at the district-official level, allowed a quick response to new cases.6 Rukhsar Khatun was mentioned to _.（A）depict the life of poor people in India（B） describe the life of handicapped children（C） introduce the topic of anti-polio campaign（D）show the develo
20、pment of medical treatment7 We know from the second paragraph that _.（A）India spends the least on public health in the world（B） few parents in India know the ABC of health care（C） few Indians would stay in slum because of bad hygiene（D）most parents in India are aware of the advantages of vaccines8 W
21、hich one is NOT a piece of good news for anti-polio campaign?（A）Many international organizations offer help.（B） A large amount of money has been received.（C） Officers ensure that medicine has been taken.（D）Most people remain suspicious about vaccinations.9 We can learn from the text that _.（A）vaccin
22、ation coverage was 30% in India ten years ago（B） 99.7% of Indians took anti-polio medicine at the peak（C） migrant workers in India have received care from vaccinators（D）Indias campaign has been accepted in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria10 The authors attitude towards Indian governments supervisio
23、n is _.（A）favorable（B） pessimistic（C） suspicious（D）indifferent10 It is hard to make money peddling social media anywhere. During their first few years in business, Facebook and Twitter lost pots of money. Yet somehow Tencent, an innovative Chinese firm that released the WeChat app in 2011, seems to
24、have cracked the code. Alicia Yap of Barclays, an investment bank, forecasts that WeChat will earn some 6.8 billion yuan ($1.1 billion) this year and 9.6 billion yuan next year. The reasons for optimism include clever integration of the app with other money-making services and spectacular growth in
25、users at home and, unusually for a Chinese app, abroad.WeChat started off as a messaging service, similar to Americas WhatsApp, but it has grown rapidly into much more. In recent months, Tencent has integrated online-payment functions into it. Customers can do their banking through it and a wealth-m
26、anagement service has just been launched. It is also promoting e-commerce: during a recent sale held exclusively on WeChat, Xiaomi, Chinas hottest smartphone-maker, is said to have sold 150,000 of its latest model in under ten minutes.Most internet companies that make money do so by selling online a
27、ds, but Tencent makes most of its money selling customers virtual goods. About 85% of the money Tencent will make this year from the app will come from gaming. Tencent says that WeChat has 270m active users, including tens of millions overseas. Their number and enthusiasm matter a lot to marketers.
28、At the moment, Tencent allows companies to send occasional, targeted messages to some users without charge. Mark Natkin of Marbridge, a consultancy, says that in future it might ask for a fee.The biggest unknown about WeChat is whether the app can become a global blockbuster like Twitter or Facebook
29、. Mr. Natkin points out that the app will lose one of its most attractive features outside the country. WeChat usage exploded in part because it integrates a users address book from Tencents QQ, an old-fashioned instant-messaging service that has over 800m registered users, though few outside China.
30、WeChat is already used in South-East Asia, Russia and India. The app is available in the Japanese and Korean languages, but strong local rivals already exist in those markets. America and Europe will be harder to crack. To succeed there, it must beat WhatsApp and other rivals.11 According to Paragra
31、ph 1, which one is true?（A）Most Chinese apps are popular in the world.（B） Foreign social software earns more money in China.（C） WeChat has broken the rule and made money illegally.（D）WeChat has combined the app with other profitable services.12 We can conclude from Paragraph 2 that _.（A）both WeChat
32、and WhatsApp are chatting tools（B） WhatsApp has more functions compared with WeChat（C） customers can shop online through most chatting softwares（D）Xiaomi is so popular that 150,000 phones are sold every ten minutes13 Internet companies can make money by selling all EXCEPT _.（A）gaming apps（B） actual
33、goods（C） virtual articles（D）online advertisements14 WeChat has a large number of users partly because _.（A）it is the first domestic chatting software（B） it is much more attractive than other apps（C） apps like Twitter and Facebook are out of date（D）it is related with another popular message service15
34、 From the last paragraph we can learn that _.（A）WeChat may be used universally in the whole Asia in the near future（B） Japanese and Korean are the main languages used by WeChat（C） it is challenging for WeChat to dominate the markets in India（D）it is totally impossible for WeChat to win European mark
35、et15 A young woman goes to university and earns a degree in religious and womens studies. In the process she piles up some $ 100,000 in student-loan debt. Upon graduation, she cannot find a job in her field and struggles to pay her bills. An example of unwise decision-making perhaps, but is it also
36、proof of a long-debated bubble in American higher education?It is for Glenn Reynolds, the productive blogger, law professor and author of a new book, “The New School“. With tuition costs rising much faster than inflation, Americans are taking on record amounts of debt over $1 trillion by 2013to fund
37、 their education. Many are finding that their job prospects do not justify the investment. Whereas a university degree once meant automatic entry into the middle class, it now comes with no such guarantee.But is higher education as bad a deal as Mr. Reynolds makes it out to be? “Some people are grad
38、uating with debts of $100,000 or more,“ he says, “sometimes much more.“ Most are not, though. The average graduate holds student-loan debt of $29,400, a number not found in this book. College Board, a non-profit organisation, finds that the median earnings of university graduates emerging from four-
39、year courses and without a further degree, such as a masters, are 65% higher over their lifetimes than those of high-school graduates.Short on numbers, the book contributes little to the bubble debate. But Mr. Reynolds puts forward criticism of American universities that will ring true to anyone who
40、 has attended one recently. Universities can help people make money in three ways: by teaching them skills, giving them credentials that employers want and providing access to a valuable social network. Some studies have shown that university students fail to learn much of anything.Acquiring skills,
41、 of course, can be quite expensive. Prices should not continue going up forever, so new thinking is needed. The web provides one way forward, and although Mr. Reynolds is doubtful about the ability of colleges to reinvent themselves, some are catching on. Take the Georgia Institute of Technology, wh
42、ich has joined up with Udacity, an online educator, to offer a masters degree in computer science for $ 7,000. “Its a real, accredited degree,“ says Mr. Reynolds, “just like the ones that cost six times as much if earned on campus.“16 The example of a young woman in the opening paragraph is to show
43、_.（A）the failure of higher education（B） the condition of education debt（C） an example of unwise decision-making（D）the unemployment situation in the U. S.17 Many Americans are finding that _.（A）the money spent on college is not worthy（B） investment requires cautious consideration（C） college degree is
44、 a visiting card to the middle class（D）expectation of future career seems great after college18 We can learn from Paragraph 3 that _.（A）most graduates hold a loan debt of over $100,000（B） salaries have nothing to do with educational background（C） generally speaking, one with higher education earns m
45、ore（D）Mr. Reynolds book is popular and his view is well accepted19 Mr. Reynolds attitude towards American universities seems _.（A）suspicious（B） enthusiastic（C） supportive（D）prejudiced20 We can conclude from the last paragraph that _.（A）prices of acquiring skills become unaffordable for many students
46、（B） prices of learning skills tend to increase continuously（C） colleges ability of reinvention is to a large degree doubted（D）online education may save a lot of money for some students考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 490 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos
47、ing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第一段中的内容“John Maynard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, Economic Possibilities for our grandchildren”明确表明经济前景对子孙后代而言比较乐观，具有 economic possibilities，符合选项 A 的内容“经济会朝有利于子孙后代的方向发展”。选项 B 并非凯恩斯的观点。选项 C 是对“It imagined a middle way between revolution and st
48、agnation”的概念偷换，该句表明在革命和停滞之间有一个中间过程，而不等同于“经济会经历暂时的停滞”。选项 D 是对第一段最后一句“But the path was not without dangers”的误解。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干中的“technological unemployment” 定位到第二段首句。而due to 之后的内容即该题 because 之后的答案。该句提到： our discovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can f
49、ind new uses for labour大意为：我们发现节省劳动力使用的方法比我们发现劳动力新用途的速度要快。而这个句子相当于选项 D，the pace of making new machines is faster than finding new use of labour(发明新机器比起寻找劳动力的新用途速度还快)。故该题答案为选项 D。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干中的“most economists”定位到第三段第一行：.the majority of economists .下文的“they argue” 即等同于题干中的“most economists argue”，故答案来自这个句子：By raising productivity, they argue, any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase incomes(他们认为，通过提高生产力，任何节省人力成本的自动化生产都会增加收益。)可见答案是与“raising produc
