1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 493 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare, was supposed to transform American health insurance. Critics have long feared that it would do much
2、more. Republicans have cast Obamacare as a job-killing, economy-crushing villain. On February 4th they appeared to get more ammunition from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).The CBO, as part of its projection of economic growth over the next decade, estimates that Obamacare will lower full-time
3、employment by 2.3m in 2021, compared with what might have been without reform, and by 2.5m in 2025. The main reason is not that firms are already slashing jobs to avoid the burden the law imposes, as Republicans have complained, but that Americans will choose to work less.The insight that Obamacare
4、would lower the supply of labour is not new, but the magnitude of the CBOs estimate isthe 2.3m drop in 2021 is nearly three times larger than the CBOs earlier projection. Many factors account for the decline. Chief among them is the effect of subsidies for health insurance. To help Americans buy cov
5、erage on new health “exchanges“, Obamacare offers tax credits to those earning between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty line (about $11,500 to $46,000 for a single adult). Those tax credits are offered on a sliding scale, by income, so workers in effect pay a higher tax rate as their wages rise.
6、 This may dissuade them from trying to earn more.The White House, mining the report for good news, argued that Obamacare liberates American workers. “At the beginning of this year, we noted that as part of this new day in health care, Americans would no longer be trapped in a job just to provide cov
7、erage for their families, and would have the opportunity to pursue their dreams,“ the White House press secretary said in a statement. “This CBO report bears that out.“The supply-side effects are not all bad. Some Americans, no longer tied to their employer-provided insurance, may feel freer to take
8、 better jobs or start their own businesses. But this effect is unlikely to offset the ranks of people who choose to work less, or not at all. And although leisure is often agreeable, does America really want to encourage its citizens to put their feet up?1 The CBO predicts that _.（A）employment rate
9、is probably to be increased（B） companies will cut staff to avoid burden（C） economic growth will be around the corner（D）unemployment rate may be higher in the next decade2 The main cause of employment decline is _.（A）the failure of subsidy policy（B） economic crisis（C） medical insurance（D）health care
10、system3 American workers may work less because _.（A）the more they earn, the more tax they pay（B） they can get subsidies from the government（C） the less they work, the more free time they have（D）they can enjoy high salary even if they work less4 Which one is NOT benefit brought by Obamacare?（A）Americ
11、an workers may have more free time.（B） A large number of Americans do not have to go to work.（C） People in America have more chances to chase their dreams.（D）Americans will not be pitted in a job to cover family expenses.5 The authors attitude towards the effects of health insurance is _.（A）agreeabl
12、e（B） affirmative（C） doubtful（D）biased5 Over the past two decades Americas broken immigration system has confounded one Congress after another, because it never seemed possible to create a law that satisfied the right balance of interests. But some Republicans changed their minds after the 2012 presi
13、dential election, when Mitt Romney took just 27% of the Latino vote. It did not take a brilliant strategist to understand the threat; Latinos were growing in number, were increasingly likely to vote, and were turning away from Republicans in droves. Last June, 14 Republicans in the Senate joined the
14、 majority Democrats to pass a comprehensive immigration-reform bill. The effort stalled when the Republican-led House of Representatives said it would not take up the measure. But last week it roared back to life when John Boehner, the House Speaker, issued a brief memo to his caucus outlining princ
15、iples for reform.Although short on specifics, in most respects Mr. Boehners note echoes the Senate bill. It calls for a secure border, biometrics to track comers and goers, and a digitized system for employers to check the immigration status of workers. It urges the allocation of visas to suit the d
16、emands of American firms. It says that most of the 1.5m “Dreamers“ (illegal immigrants brought to America as children) should be allowed to become citizens. How the ground has shifted: only three years ago Senate Republicans put a Dream Act to death.These provisions are not universally lovedmany thi
17、nk America already spends too much money keeping people outbut they can command support from both parties in Congress. That may not apply to the knottiest part of reform: what to do about Americas 11m-12m illegal immigrants, two-thirds of whom have lived in the country for over a decade.The Senate b
18、ill would allow most undocumented immigrants to apply for citizenship after paying back-taxes, displaying English proficiency, passing a background check and so forth. That, though, was too much for House Republicans to stomach, so Mr. Boehner proposes merely to remove the threat of deportation from
19、 those who can satisfy a similar laundry list; there will, he says, be “no special path to citizenship“.6 We can learn from the first paragraph that _.（A）Mitt Romney is a presidential candidate（B） Americas law system has been confusing（C） Most Americans turn away from Republicans（D）Mitt Romney can b
20、e a perfect president7 According to Paragraph 2, which one is NOT true?（A）The immigration reform was postponed for a period.（B） John Boehner has made specific details for the reform.（C） Republicans once rejected reform of immigration policies.（D）Most Democrats have agreed to pass immigration reform
21、bill.8 Boehners memo responds to the Senate Bill in all aspects EXCEPT _.（A）emphasizing security issue（B） meeting the needs of companies（C） putting the Dream Act to death（D）allowing Dreamers to become Americans9 The thorniest problem of reform is how to _.（A）make the illegal immigrants legal（B） deal
22、 with millions of illicit immigrants（C） drive millions of immigrants out of America（D）cut costs on keeping immigrants out of America10 To become an American citizen, undocumented immigrants have to do all EXCEPT _.（A）having a clean record（B） paying required duties（C） mastering English well（D）owning
23、social background10 Even before the opening ceremony, a record had been broken at Sochi; 12 new events, the most for any Olympics, were scheduled to make their debut. Since the first winter Olympics in 1924, the total has swelled from 16 to 98. Some of the latest batch, such as the womens ski jump,
24、are variations on existing events. Others will be less familiar to the mainly middle-aged audience. This is as the organisers intended.More than half of all Americans who watched the 2010 winter Olympics on NBC were over 50. Teenagers hardly tuned in. For the main sponsors, which included Coca-Cola
25、and McDonalds, as well as for broadcasters and advertisers, this was bad news. Teenagers, in particular, have a big influence on their families spending habits.In 1948 the BBC offered 1,000 guineas ($47,000 in todays money) for the right to broadcast that years London summer games. The organisers, f
26、earing this would be too much of a financial strain for the broadcaster, turned it down. That amateur spirit has long since gone the way of the tug-of-war event; global broadcasting rights have been the games biggest revenue stream for the past 30 years. In London 2012 they hit $2.6 billion.When pla
27、nning the Olympics, says Ian Henry of Loughborough University, organisers only recently started to think about how well a sport plays on television and with young people. They added snowboarding in 1998 and last year considered dropping one of the oldest summer Olympic sports, wrestling. It won a re
28、prieve by cutting the number of rounds, making scoring snazzier and adding more womens events.This years additions to a tournament were chosen partly because they attract lots of YouTube views and Twitter followers. They include the ski half-pipe; snowboard slope style and the luge team relay. It is
29、 all a far cry from curling, in which the team sweep the ice in front of a slowly moving stonethe thrill of which is nicely captured by the sports nickname; “chess on ice“.11 The underlined word “debut“ (Para. 1, Line 2) most probably means _.（A）appearance（B） contribution（C） difference（D）departure12
30、 According to Paragraph 1, which one is true?（A）Most spectators of the Winter Olympics are male.（B） Organizers intend to attract middle-aged audience.（C） 12 new records were broken in this winter Olympics.（D）More and more new events emerge in winter Olympics.13 Sponsors of the winter Olympics are di
31、sappointed because _.（A）few females show interest in the games（B） more than half of the audience are middle-aged（C） they cant attract teenagerstheir target customers（D）they spend a huge amount of money on advertisement14 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _.（A）there may be more female wrestlers in t
32、he games（B） the sport of wrestling has been canceled last year（C） young people may be more interested in video games（D）organizers have considered attracting young people for long15 “Chess on ice“ is a nickname to describe the sport of _.（A）snowboard（B） curling（C） skiing（D）luge relay15 After the dotc
33、om boom of the 1990s, the world is about to experience a boom in dots. Over 1,000 new generic top-level domain names (gTLDs) are set to join the 22 existing ones, such as .com and .org, and the 280 country-specific ones, such as .uk, that now grace the end of web addresses. The Internet Corporation
34、for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) , the nonprofit organisation that manages the webs address book, reckons this will boost competition and innovation. It will also increase the cost to businesses of protecting their brands.Some of the new gTLDs, such as .guru and .sexy, will flatter owners egos
35、. Others, such as .clothing and .photography, will be used by firms to tout their wares. Among the first to go live, on February 4th, was “.web“ written in Arabic script. That made history: until now all generic top-level domains have been written in Latin lettering, meaning internet users with Arab
36、ic keyboards had to wrestle with ALT, CTRL and the like to type the last few letters of most websites names. Other gTLDs in scripts such as Chinese and Russian will follow in the coming months.Firms including Apple, Ford and IWC, a watchmaker, have already applied to register their names as gTLDs. T
37、hat will allow them to ensure they are not used by crooks or cybersquatters. Google, Amazon and others have applied for numerous gTLDs, including .app and .kindle, presumably because they want to use them and think they can make money by selling the right to use “second-level“ domains (for example,
38、economist, app), typically for $1050 a year. Firms may also be keen to buy certain second-level domains to stop them falling into the wrong hands. Donuts, a company that has lodged hundreds of applications for gTLDs, has .wtfand .sucks on its list.But there are costs to owning a gTLD. Firms must pay
39、 $185,000 to ICANN when applying for one, plus $25,000 for each year they use it. Deciding which ones to splash out on is tricky. New domains including .biz and .mobi have been added in the past, but have failed to put a dent in the wildly popular .com.The avalanche of new domains may also confuse w
40、eb users, who often get to their destinations via search engines rather than by typing web addresses into browsers. Greater choice and competition should eventually bring them benefits. But the transition may be .complicated.16 The appearance of new gTLDs is said to _.（A）enhance innovation（B） streng
41、then cooperation（C） protect brands of businesses（D）bring benefits to the companies17 According to the second paragraph, which one is true?（A）A dotcom with . guru may be selling articles.（B） All domain names will remain in Latin spelling.（C） Chinese characters may not be used in domains.（D）A website
42、with . clothing may be a profitable one.18 Firms may enjoy buying second-level gTLDs because _.（A）businesses can make money in this way（B） they are cheaper compared with top-level ones（C） they will bring numerous benefits to the companies（D）this will prevent them from being used by bad guys19 We can
43、 conclude from the last two paragraphs that _.（A）most gTLDs bring no benefit at all（B） it is vital to decide which gTLD to buy（C） many new domains made a hit in the past（D）web users rarely type letters into search engines20 The best title of the text is _.（A）Boom of the Internet（B） New Age of Comput
44、er（C） Boom of Domain Names（D）Development of the Website考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 493 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干中的“CBO”定位到第一段结尾，再根据“predicts”定位到第二段开头：The CBO, as part of its projection of eco
45、nomic growth over the next decade, estimates that Obamacare will lower full-time employment by 2.3m in 2021 其中，“predicts”对应“estimates”，故本题答案来自 estimates 后面的内容，其中“lower full-time employment(减少全职就业人员)”对应 D，unemployment rate may be higher in the next decade(在未来 10 年，失业率有可能更高 )。故选项 D 为答案。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析
46、】 根据题干中的“main cause”，“employment decline” 和出题顺序定位到第三段。该段第二句和第三句指出：Many factors account for the decline. Chief among them is the effect of subsidies for health insurance. 其中的“decline”就是指“employment decline”；“Chief among them”相当于题干中的“main cause”，故确定答案来自该句 Chief among them 之后的内容。即答案为： effect of subsidi
47、es for health insurance(医疗保险补助金的影响 )。四个选项分别为： A“补助金政策的失败”，B“ 经济危机”，C“医疗保险”，D“卫生保健体系”。与 subsidies for health insurance 最接近、也是最直接的一项是 C，medical insurance，故该项为答案。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据题干中的“American workers”定位到第三段最后两句：so workers in effect pay a higher tax rate as their wages rise. This may dissuade them fr
48、om trying to earn more. 其中“This may dissuade them from trying to earn more”对应题干“American workers may work less”，而原因就是 This 前面提到的“workers in effect pay a higher tax rate as their wages rise(实际上工人支付的税率随着工资上涨而增加)”，即该题答案为选项 A，the more they earn，the more tax they pay。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据题干中的“Obamacare”定位到
49、第四段。选项 A“美国工人可能有更多自由时间”对应第一句：Obamacare liberates American workers(奥巴马医保法案解放了美国工人。)故选项 A 是好处之一，故不是答案。选项 B 意为“大量美国人不需要工作”，文章只是说美国人有更多自由时间，而没有说大量美国人都不需要工作，该项不合原文，表述是错误的。选项 C“美国人有更多机会追求他们的梦想”和选项 D“美国人再也不用被限制在一份工作中来养家糊口 ”对应“Americans would no longer be trapped in a job just to provide coverage for their families, and would have the opportunity to pursue their dreams”，这两项与该句话的表述一致，因此这两项表述是正确的。故该题答案为选项 B。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据出题顺序以及题干中的“effects”可以定位到最后一段。作者的观点往往喜欢出现在一些转折、虚拟、情态动词处，该段能够体
