1、大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）B 类模拟试卷 13（无答案）一、Part Cloze0 One of the questions coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development【 46】com_, the coronal wisdom has been that the billion people living in poor co
2、untries could never expect to【47】r_the standard of living that most of the people in North America enjoy , simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super-affluence as though there were
3、 no limits【48】_how much we could consume. We【49】m_only 6 percent of the world s people; yet we consume one third of the world s resources.As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from【50】w_ our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more a
4、nd more from the outside world, we will no longer be able to think in【51】_ of “our“ resources and “ their“ resources, but only of【52 】c_resources.As Americans consume such a(n)【53】_(proportion) share of the worlds resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super-aff
5、luence in a world of【54 】_(scarce). We are now reaching the point at which we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. Bu
6、t if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesnt make【55】d_. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition in, the world s resources requires that we re-examine the way i
7、n which we relate to the rest of the world.10 One of the questions coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development com【66】, the coronal wisdom has been【67】the billion people living in poor co
8、untries could never expect to r【68】the standard of living that most of the people in North America e【 69】, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super-affluence as though there were
9、 no limits【70】how much we could consume. We m【71】only 6 percent of the worlds people; yet we consume one third of the worlds resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from w【72】our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and
10、more from the outside world, we will no longer be able to think in【73】of “our“ resources and “their“ resources, but only of c【74】resources. As Americans consume such a(n)【75】(proportion) share of the worlds resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super-affluence
11、in a world of【76 】(scarce). We are now reaching the point at【77】we must carefully examine the presumed 1【 78】between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly【79】(enhance). But if y
12、ou have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesnt make d【80】In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still mole. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition in, the worlds resources requires that we re-examine the way in which w
13、e relate to the rest of the world.25 The rate at which man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The rate【46】t_a sharp upward leap thousands of years ago,【47】w_the invention of writing, but even so it remained painfully slow o
14、ver centuries of time. In knowledge【48】_(acquire) the next great leap forward did not occur until the invention of movable type in the fifteenth century by Gutenberg and others. Prior【49】 _1500, by the most optimistic【50】est_, Europe was producing books at a rate of 1, 000 titles per year. This mean
15、s that it would take a full century to produce a library of 100, 000 titles. The rate had【 51】ac_so sharply by 1950, four and a half centuries later, that Europe was producing 120, 000 titles a year.【52】_once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a【53】s_decade later, the rate had made an
16、other significant jump, so that a century s work could be completed in seven and a half months. And, the output of books【54】_ a world scale by the mid sixties, Europe【55】_(include), approached the remarkable figure of 1,000 titles per day.35 Excessive sugar has a strong mal-effect on the functioning
17、 of active【46】 o_such as the heart, kidneys and the brain. Shipwrecked sailors who ate and drank nothing but sugar for nine days surely went【47】some of this trauma.This incident occurred when a vessel carrying a【48 】ca_of sugar was shipwrecked in 1793. The five【49】_(survive) sailors were finally res
18、cued nine days after the accident. They were in a wasted condition due to starvation, having consumed nothing but【50 】_.French physiologist F. Magendie was inspired by that incident to【51】co_a series ofexperiments with【 52】an_. In the experiments, he fed dogs a diet of sugar and water. All the dogs
19、wasted and died.The shipwrecked sailors and the French physiologist s experimental dogs proved the same point. As a steady diet, sugar is worse than nothing. Plain water can keep you【53】a_for quite some time. Sugar and water can kill you. Humans and animals are “unable to subsist【54】_a diet of sugar
20、“. The dead dogs in Professor Magendie s【55】la_alerted the sugar industry to the hazards of free scientific inquiry. From that day to this, the sugar industry has invested millions of dollars in behind-the-scenes, subsidized science. The best scientific names that money could buy have been hired, in
21、 the hope that they could one day come up with something at least pseudoscientific in the way of glad tidings about sugar.45 The rate at which man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years. The rate t【66】a sharp upward leap thousan
22、ds of years ago, w【67】the invention of writing, but even so it remained painfully slow o【68】centuries of time. In knowledge- 【69】(acquire) the next great leap forward did not occur until the invention of movable type in the fifteenth century by Gutenberg and others. Prior【70】1500, by the most optimi
23、stic est【71】, Europe was producing books at a rate of 1, 000 titles per year. This means that it would take a full century to produce a library of 100,000 titles. The rate had ac【72】so sharply by 1950, four and a half centuries later,【73】Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year.【 74】once took a ce
24、ntury now took only ten months. By 1960, a s【75】decade later, the rate had made another significant jump, so that a centurys work could be completed in seven and a half months. And, the output of books【76】a world scale by the mid sixties, Europe【77 】(include) , approached the remarkable figure of 1,
25、000 titles per day.One can hardly argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless, we find that the increase in book publication does, in fact, crudely para【 78】the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, before Gutenberg only 1 chemical dements we
26、re known. Antimony (锑), the 12th, was discovered at about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years s【79】the 11th, arsenic (砷), had been discovered. Had the stone rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional dements to the periodic table
27、 since Gutenberg. In【80】, in the 450 years after his time, some seventy additional elements were discovered. And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years.60 Excessive sugar has a strong mal-effect on the functioni
28、ng of active o【66】such as the heart, kidneys and the brain. Shipwrecked sailors who ate and drank nothing but sugar for nine days surely went【67】some of this trauma. This incident occurred when a vessel carrying a ca【68】of sugar was shipwrecked in 1793. The five【69】(survive) sailors were finally res
29、cued nine days after the accident. They were in a wasted condition due to starvation, having consumed nothing but【70】French physiologist F. Magendie was inspired by that incident to co【71】a series of experiments with an【72】In the experiments, he fed dogs a diet of sugar and water. All the dogs waste
30、d and died. The shipwrecked sailors and the French physiologist s experimental dogs proved the same point. As a steady diet, sugar is worse than nothing. Plain water can keep you a【73】for quite some time. Sugar and water can kill you. Humans and animals are “unable to subsist【74】a diet of sugar“. Th
31、e dead dogs in Professor Magendies【 75】la alerted the sugar industry to the hazards of free scientific inquiry. From that day to this, the sugar industry has invested millions of dollars in behind-the-scenes, subsidized science. The best scientific names that money could buy have been hired, in the
32、hope that they could one day come up with something at least pseudoscientific in the way of glad tidings about sugar. It has been proved, however, that (1) sugar is a major factor in dental decay; (2) sugar in a persons diet does cause【76】(weight); (3) removal of sugar from diets can c【77】symptoms o
33、f crippling, worldwide diseases such as diabetes, cancer and heart illnesses. Sir Frederick Banting noticed in 1929 that, among sugar【78】(plant) owners who ate large amounts of their refined stuff, diabetes was common. Among native cane-critters, who only got to chew the r【79】cane, he saw no diabete
34、s. However, the story of the public relations attempts on the part of the sugar manufacturers began in Britain in 1808 when the Committee of West India reported to the House of Commons that a prize of twenty-five guineas had been of【80】to anyone who could come up with the most “satisfactory“ experim
35、ents to prove that unrefined sugar was good for feeding and fattening oxen, cows, hogs and sheep. Naturally, the attempt was a disaster.75 The Great Depression spread from the US to the rest of the capitalist world, yet it affected the Americans the most. It gave【66】to the fear that such catastrophe
36、s would【67】(occur)or even that the American economy would live in a s【68】of permanent depression unless radical changes were m【69】in the economic system. The fear is now gone, partly because that analysis was judged faulty. Changes in institutions and policies that sta【70】the economy also helped to
37、dispel those fears. Peoples worry per【 71】about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating (使虚弱) , recessions,【72】But the experience of the postwar years has provided two lessons; First, the only serious recessions in which US unemployment rose to highs of 9 percent and 11 percent re【73】
38、, came after fairly high inflation. Second, even recessions of that depth later on t【74】out to be less painful than had been expected because they were short. This was because the a【75】American worker had substantial assets, and was likely to he in a family with more than one worker. 【76】remains as
39、the chief uncertainty about the stability of the US economy is the possibility of inflation. This depends on whether the temptation of the short-term political advantages of inflationary policy can be resisted. The inflation rate in the United States was about 4.5 percent. The economy is much better
40、 ad【77】to such a rate now than it was in 1971, when that rate caused the【78】(position) of price controls. Unemployment in America was r【79】near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure, as haft of the unemployed are out of work
41、for five weeks or less, and the average d【80】of unemployment is about twelve weeks. The problem today is serious in that it most affects black youths, who are not being brought into the work force.90 Those out to demolish old buildings often argue that a factory will bring prosperity to a town and p
42、r【66】employment for its people; a block of fiats will improve living conditions; a new road will create better transport f【 67】These arguments are true, but somehow unconvincing. Countless quiet country villages have been【68】(spoil) by the addition of modern “improvements“ like huge traffic-signs or
43、 tall concrete lamps which s【69】a sickly yellow light. In the same way, buildings which are er【70】without any thought being given to their surroundings, become prominent landmarks which may change the character of whole town. They are ugly because they are so out of【71】Nothing can more seriously cha
44、nge the look of a town or city so dramatically than the sudden appearance of an office building which t【72】above all the surrounding buildings. Before the arrival of this skyscraper, all the buildings in the city stood in special relationship to each other. The most str【73】 of them was probably the
45、cathedral or the town hall f【74】by other public buildings. These dominated the city and gave it a definite shape. Suddenly, out of nowhere, the new arrival dwarfs (使显得矮小) everything in sight, and even the most【75】(grace) existing buildings may now be so sadly di【76】as to seem slightly ridiculous bes
46、ide this monster. It rises up above them like a huge, white, slotted (开门的) packing-case resting【77】its side, demanding at【78】merely because of its size and not because of any intrinsic (内在的) worth. Part of the charm of a big city l【79】in the variety of styles that can be seen in the architecture of
47、its buildings. One feels that the city has grown slowly and each age has left its mark. By demolishing buildings of f【80】times, we wipe out every vestige of the past forever. 105 Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly
48、because the average Englishman is k【66】on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or【67】, that he must do many household j【68】all by himself, while【69】which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost o
49、f labor has m【70】that builders, and decorators costs have reached a level which makes them【71】(prohibit) for house-proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to ta【72】some of the work themselves. As a【73】, there has grown up in the postwar years what is sometimes r【 74】to as the “Do-It-Yourself Movement. “ The movement began【75】home decorating
