1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the
2、 Answer Sheet.0 On a rainy day, you will see many streams of muddy(多泥的)water running down the slopes(斜坡)of a hill. The water is muddy because it washes away soil from the hill slopes.Sometimes soil is blown away by strong winds. When the soil is carried away by water or wind, we say that the land is
3、 eroded(侵蚀). This is known as soil erosion.Plants cannot grow on eroded land. There is not enough soil on eroded land to give them the things they need. Plants need water and salts from the soil.We can do a number of things to stop soil erosion. This is called soil conservation(保护).One way of soil c
4、onservation on flat, open ground is to grow small plants such as grasses. Their roots hold the soil tightly together.Another way is to plant trees around an open field. Thus soil erosion by strong winds cannot take place. Rows of trees act as a very big wall.Soil erosion on slopes can be stopped by
5、cutting “steps“ called terraces(梯田). Water carrying soil cannot run straight down the slope now. It has to run down the terraces. This slows down the flow(流速)of the water. Most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces.There are some other ways for soil conservation.1 On a rainy day th
6、e water running down the slopes of a hill is muddy because_ .（A）there are no terraces on the slopes（B） there are no small plants on the slopes（C） it washes away soil from the slopes（D）there is too much soil on the slopes2 Plants cannot grow on eroded land because_.（A）there is a lot of sand in it（B）
7、there is not enough water and salts in it（C） there is no water in it（D）the land is too hard3 The way of soil conservation on flat, open ground is_.（A）to grow small plants such as grasses（B） to plant trees around an open field（C） to add fertilizer to the soil（D）A and B4 Cutting “steps“ called terrace
8、s on slopes_.（A）can slow down the flow of the water（B） helps plants grow better（C） prevents the soil being carried away by winds（D）makes the plants roots hold the soil together4 Bacteria(细菌)are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is
9、measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be jus
10、t about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1. 6 kilometers)tall.Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One canno
11、t make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs“ called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by t
12、heir own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses(糖蜜)is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by t
13、he movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope even those with no flagella often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecule
14、s around a flagellum have been replaced by new ones. Even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.5 Which of the following is the smallest?（A）A pinhead.（B） A rounded bacterium.（C） A microscope.（D）A rod-shaped bacterium.6 According to the passage, someone who e
15、xamines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see_.（A）tiny dots（B） small “hairs“（C） large rods（D）detailed structures7 The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?（A）A rider jumping on a horses back.（B） A ball bein
16、g hit by a bat.（C） A boat powered by a motor.（D）A door closed by a gust of wind.8 In Paragraph 3, Sentence 2, the author compares water to molasses in order to introduce which of the following topics?（A）The bacterial content of different liquids.（B） What happens when bacteria are added to molasses.（
17、C） The molecular structures of different chemicals.（D）How difficult it is for bacteria to move through water.9 April 1st is a day on which, in some countries, people try to play tricks on others. If one succeeds in tricking somebody, one may laugh and say, “April Fool!“ and then the person who has b
18、een tricked usually laughs too.One April 1st, a bus was going along a country road when it slowed down and stopped. The driver anxiously turned switches(开关)and pressed buttons(按钮), but nothing happened. Then he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said, “This poor bus is gett
19、ing old. There s only one thing to do if we want to get home today. I shall count one, two, three, and on the word three, I want you all to lean forward suddenly with all your effort. That should get the bus started again. Now, all of you lean back as far as you can in your seats and get ready. “The
20、 passengers all pressed back against their seats and waited for his order.The driver turned to his front and asked, “Are you ready?“ The passengers hardly had enough breath to answer, “Yes. “ “One! Two! Three!“ counted the driver. The passengers all swung(摇摆 )forward and the bus started up at once.T
21、he passengers breathed more easily and began to smile. But their smiles turned to surprise and then burst into laughter(大笑起来)when the driver merrily cried, “April Fool!“April Fool“ is a person who_on April 1st.（A）has been tricked（B） succeeds in tricking somebody（C） tricks others（D）plays tricks on ot
22、hers10 Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kinds of society. There are more
23、ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more gropes and organizations with different beliefs, in addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society
24、where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also
25、 likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what has learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than
26、 in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relation
27、s on a continuous scale rather than one with violent change. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp different in appearance between them and their white counterparts.The expression “greater tolerance“(
28、Para. 1)refer to_.（A）more respect for different beliefs and behaviors（B） quicker adaptation to changing circumstances（C） greater willingness to accept social change（D）greater readiness to agree to different opinion and ideas11 The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed
29、, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any post-war liquidation and lived in a state of boom. The history of extraction, production, and distribution had therefore been almost nothing but a statistical table reflecting prosperity. And economic survey of the ye
30、ar 1955, a typical year of the 1950s, may be illumination as illustrating the decade. The national output was valued at about 10 percent above that of 1954(1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years i
31、mmediately following World War II .The country s businesses spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is, about 700 million dollars a day, o
32、r about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all around the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them.Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid
33、-1920s. As farmers share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were few pessimists among the observers of the national economy. Those few seemed to fear, that the prosperity was based on government pump priming on a stupendous scale.In the first paragraph, the word “boom“ could
34、 best be replaced by_.（A）nearby explosion（B） thunderous noise（C） general public support（D）rapid economic growth专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 5 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and
35、 choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读理解
