1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 78 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand
3、. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the
4、world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adeq
5、uate working knowledge for each situation.The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the important works in science, technology, and other f
6、ields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider communicatio
7、n for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for ac
8、cess to the scientific and technological developments in the West.1 What would be an appropriate title for this selection?（A）The Difficulties of Learning English.（B） Internal Communications.（C） The Standard Varieties of English.（D）English as a World Language.2 Which of the following statements is NO
9、T TRUE?（A）Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.（B） There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.（C） It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.（D）People learn English for a
10、 variety of reasons.3 According to this article, what is one main reason for the widespread use of English?（A）It was popular during Shakespeares time.（B） It is used in former British Colonies.（C） It serves the needs of its native speakers.（D）It is a world language that is used for international comm
11、unication.4 What constitutes an adequate working knowledge of English?（A）The ability to read a newspaper.（B） It is difficult to assess because it differs for each situation.（C） Being multi-lingual.（D）Being a native speaker.5 What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?（A）Th
12、ose geographically close to the United States.（B） Those interested in the culture of the United States.（C） Countries where international conferences are held.（D）Former colonies of Great Britain.5 American society is not nap(午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the Universi
13、ty of Pennsylvanian School of Medicine, “Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.“ Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.“Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at
14、 work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,“ says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt“ which one member said was as important
15、as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze
16、(打瞌睡) every afternoon.About 60% of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep date.“ Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Supers
17、tar of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.6 It is commonly acc
18、epted in American society that too much sleep is_.（A）unreasonable（B） criminal（C） harmful（D）costly7 The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans_.（A）dont like to naps（B） are terribly worried about their national debt（C） sleep less than is good for them（D）have caused many industrial
19、 and traffic accidents8 The purpose of this article is to_.（A）warn us of the wickedness of napping（B） explain the danger of sleepiness（C） discuss the side effects of napping（D）convince the reader of the necessity of napping9 The “American sleep debt“ (Line 1 , Para. 3) is the result of_.（A）the tradi
20、tional misconception the Americans have about sleep（B） the new sleep policy of Clinton Administration（C） the rapid development of American industry（D）the Americans worry about the danger of sleepiness10 The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is_.（A）preferable to have a sound slee
21、p before a night shift（B） good practice to eat something light before we go to bed（C） essential to make up for lost sleep（D）natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it10 I am not sure that I can draw an exact line between wit and humor (perhaps the distinction is so subtle that only those
22、 persons can decide who have long white beards) , but even an ignorant person may express an opinion in this matter.I am quite positive that humor is the more comfortable and livable quality. Humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable compa
23、nions. They have pleasant mouths turned up at the corners, to which the great master of Marionettes has fixed the strings and he holds them in his nimblest fingers to twitch them at the slightest jest (笑话). But the mouth of a merely witty man is hard and sour until the moment of its discharge. Nor i
24、s the flash from a witty man always comforting, but a humorous man radiates a general pleasure.I admire wit, but I have no real liking for it; it has been too often employed against me, whereas humor is always an ally; it never points an impertinent (不礼貌的) finger into my defects. A wits tongue, howe
25、ver, is as sharp as a donkeys stickI may gallop the faster for its prodding (刺戳) , but the touch behind is too persuasive for any comfort.Wit is a lean creature with a sharp inquiring nose, whereas humor has a kindly eye and a comfortable girth. Wit has a better voice in a solo, but humor comes into
26、 the chorus best.Wit keeps the seasons fashions and is precise in the phrases and judgments of the day, but humor is concerned with homely eternal things.11 The authors attitude toward wit can most accurately be described as_.（A）cautious admiration（B） wholehearted amusement（C） tolerant disapproval（D
27、）aversion12 The author dislikes wit because it_.（A）can be employed against him（B） is superficial（C） follows the judgments of the day（D）is too brief13 “A wits tongue is like a donkeys stick“ in that both_.（A）consider their victims feelings（B） are gently persuasive（C） goad their victims（D）are used wit
28、h definite purpose14 The author probably intended this selection on wit and humor to_.（A）permanently eliminate the confusion of them（B） express his personal opinion of them（C） reveal their similarities（D）deprecate the quality of wit15 Implied but not stated: _.（A）Humor is always genuine（B） Humorous
29、persons have pleasant faces（C） Wit is more nimble than humor（D）Humor comes by more naturally than wit15 The world is undergoing a great transition marked by uncertainty and complexity which we do not yet understand.This poses (提出) a challenge to young people all over the world, for in about 15 years
30、 time youth will play a. fundamental role as never before in the history of the world. Young people will make up over half the population in developing countriesthe so-called countries of the South. In the North they will have the heavy responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly peop
31、le will generally be in the majority. It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represent a movement of challenge and pressure which is shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe which they perceive as inhospitable (冷淡的) or even ho
32、stile.We have come a long way from the early 20th century concept of perpetual 3% annual growth, which fitted so well with the Newtonian vision of the worlda vision resting on the idea of a perfect giant clockwork mechanism. The dramatic nature of todays crisis is based on our difficulty in understa
33、ndingon a lack of intelligibility (可理解性). For in evolutions constant march towards complexity we have just crossed a threshold. Beyond this threshold, everything is different; everything invites us to look anew (重新). But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought u
34、s so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be. Prigonine takes us over the threshold and forces us to enter into the new dialogue which is necessary. It is useful to try to transfer this new vision into the spheres of management, business, national sovereignty, and inter
35、national organization. In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.16 The characteristic of the present age of the world is_.（A）transition（B） challenge（C） uncertainty（D）uncertainty and complexity17 Which of the following are not
36、 the facts that pose a challenge to young people?（A）Youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world in about 15 years time.（B） The world is considered as inhospitable or even hostile.（C） In the North, youth will have the responsibility of providing for societies in whi
37、ch elderly people will generally be in the majority.（D）Young people will make up over half of the population in developing countries.18 The young people who represent a movement of challenge and pressure may have an influence on_.（A）governments decisions and ideas or concept about the world（B） popul
38、ation growth（C） people of all the ages（D）international organizations19 Sometimes we feel difficult to deal with todays crisis because_.（A）we are accustomed to dealing with the new things with the ways we used to（B） we are intelligible（C） we are prisoners of images（D）we have just crossed a threshold2
39、0 It is_that we may make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.（A）over the threshold and entering the new “dialogue“（B） by transferring this new vision into the spheres of management, business etc.（C） by making a challenge to the world（D）undergoing a gre
40、at transition20 Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit (学分) which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one
41、 semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the
42、period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the rec
43、ord is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective
44、work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a c
45、ertain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.21 Normally a student would at least attend_classes each week.（A）36（B） 12（C） 20（D）1522 According to the first paragraph an American student is
46、allowed_.（A）to live in a different university（B） to take a particular course in a different university（C） to live at home and drive to classes（D）to get two degrees from two different universities23 American university students are usually under pressure of work because_.（A）their academic performance
47、 will affect their future careers（B） they are heavily involved in student affairs（C） they have to observe university discipline（D）they want to run for positions of authority24 Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_.（A）they hate the constant pressure a
48、nd strain of their study（B） they will then be able to stay longer in the university（C） such positions help them get better jobs（D）such positions are usually well paid25 The student organizations seem to be effective in_.（A）dealing with the academic affairs of the university（B） ensuring that the stud
49、ents observe university regulations（C） evaluating students performance by bringing them before a court（D）keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 78 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by black
