1、2010 年 4 月全国自考（英语国家概况）真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 _of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William, the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers. ( )（A）The Roman Conquest（B） The Anglo-Saxon Conquest（C） The Norman Conquest（D）The Celt Conquest2 As a re
2、sult of the Black Death,_. ( )（A）all land was left untended（B） no labor was required any longer（C） land owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming（D）surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages3 Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I (1558-1603)is true? ( )（A）
3、Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne.（B） Elizabeth remained single.（C） Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament.（D）Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.4 _ was not in the“Allies“ in the First World War. ( )（A）Britain（B） France（C） Russia（D）Turkey5 The English Civil Wa
4、r is also called . ( )（A）the Revolutionary War（B） the Puritan Revolution（C） the Reformation（D）the Renaissance6 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen. In practice,_. ( )（A）Parliament rules the country（B） the Sovereign reigns but does not rule（C） the S
5、overeign rules but does not reign（D）the Prime Minister rules and reigns7 In January, 1973,Britain finally became a full member of the_, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 19( )（A）Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development（B） Organization of European Development（C） European Econ
6、omic Community（D）European Union8 The_refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. ( )（A）Urbanization（B） Economic Boom（C） Glorious Revolution（D）Industrial Revolution9 The major Christian festiv
7、als in Britain are_. ( )（A）Christmas, Easter and Mothers Day（B） Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday（C） Christmas,Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patricks Day（D）Christmas, Whit Sunday and St. Georges Day10 The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Brit
8、ain. At present there are _ countries within the Commonwealth (1991). ( )（A）30（B） 40（C） 50（D）6011 Among the three tribes of the Celts coming to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the_. ( )（A）Gaels（B） Brythons（C） Belgae（D）Vikings12 Political change in England came mai
9、nly through ( )（A）gradual reform（B） revolution（C） peoples uprisings（D）working class movement13 The two parties that have held power in Britain since 1945 are_. ( )（A）the Democratic Party and the Republican Party（B） the Conservative Party and the Labor Party（C） the Labor Party and the Social Democrat
10、ic Party（D）the Labor Party and the Democratic Party14 _s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle. ( )（A）Mary（B） Henry VIII（C） Elizabeth I（D）Charles II15 After the Restoration, Parliament passed a series of
11、 severe laws called_against the Puritans,now known as Nonconformists. ( )（A）Agreement of the People（B） the Petition of the Right（C） the Clarendon Code（D）the Act of Supremacy16 Which statement about the “Wars of Roses“ is NOT true? ( )（A）The kings power now became supreme.（B） Ordinary people were ser
12、iously affected.（C） The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years.（D）From these wars feudalism received its death blow.17 The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance were_. ( )（A）Ben Johnson,Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens（B） Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and Wil
13、liam Shakespeare（C） William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens（D）William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson18 The Chartist movement was the first nationwide movement. ( )（A）working class（B） lower middle class（C） upper middle class（D）upper class19 _led the U. K. to final victo
14、ry in the Second World War. ( )（A）Winston Churchill（B） Neville Chamberlain（C） Tony Blair（D）William Gladstone20 Which statement about the religion in Britain is true? ( )（A）Every person in Britain may change his religion, but with difficulty.（B） Every person may not manifest his faith in teaching, wo
15、rship and observance.（C） Every person has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State.（D）Churches and religious societies of any kind may own property and propagate their beliefs in speeches and writing.21 In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, a (n)_
16、 navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies. ( )（A）French（B） Spanish（C） Italian（D）English22 American troops defeated the British at _ in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence, leading dire
17、ctly to an alliance between the U. S. and France. ( )（A）Saratoga（B） Trenton（C） Lexington（D）Yorktown23 In 1787, delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the . ( )（A）First Continental Congress（B） Second Conti
18、nental Congress（C） Constitutional Convention（D）Independent Convention24 Which of the following is NOT among President Theodore Roosevelts contributions? ( )（A）The implementation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.（B） The initiation of large-scale irrigation projects.（C） The adoption of the Hepburn Act of
19、 1906.（D）The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.25 _Was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. in 19( )（A）Business bankruptcy（B） Serious unemployment（C） The stock market crash（D）Foreclosures26 During the Second World War, American wartime objectives were the total destruction of_ p
20、owers and the establishment of a world order. ( )（A）Axis（B） Asian（C） Allied（D）European27 In 1932,in the depth of the depression,the American people chose_as their next president who promised to get the U. S. out of the depression. ( )（A）Theodore Roosevelt（B） Franklin D.Roosevelt（C） Woodrow Wilson（D）
21、Herbert C.Hoover28 Education was made a function of the state under the _Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. ( )（A）Tenth（B） Eleventh（C） Twelfth（D）Thirteenth29 McCarthyism was a full-scale _hysteria in the United States in the 1950s. ( )（A）pro-Nazi（B） anti-Fascist（C） pro-Communist（D）anti-Communist30
22、 On June 5,1947,_suggested that the U. S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion. ( )（A）George Kennan（B） George Marshall（C） Dwight Eisenhower（D）James F. Byrnes31 A decision to set up a world organization, the United Nations,was made at_. ( )（A）Y
23、alta Conference（B） Potsdam Conference（C） Teheran Conference（D）Paris Conference32 The safeguards against abuse of powers in the United States come in the form of ( )（A）separation of powers（B） executive orders（C） presidential elections（D）judicial reviews33 _Was meant to guarantee the blacks and others
24、 the right to vote. ( )（A）Emancipation Proclamation in 1863（B） The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865（C） The Civil Rights Act of 1964（D）The Voting Rights Act of 196534 Woman obtained voting right from the Amendment to the Constitution. ( )（A）17th（B） 18th（C） 19th（D）20th35 Of the four ki
25、nds of high schools, ones only aim to prepare students for college. ( )（A）comprehensive（B） academic（C） vocational（D）technical36 There have been periods in the development of American political parties in the United States. ( )（A）two（B） three（C） four（D）five37 The 1920s in the United States has been d
26、escribed bymany historians as a period of ( )（A）material failure（B） spiritual frustration（C） political setbacks（D）welfare reform38 _is the largest single source of goods imported by the U. S. accounting for nearly 30%of the total. ( )（A）Canada（B） Mexico（C） Japan（D）European Union39 Mark Twain s maste
27、rwork was . ( )（A）The Scarlet Letter（B） Leaves of Grass（C） The Sketch Book（D）The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn40 In the early part of the 19th century, was the center of American writing. ( )（A）Boston（B） Philadelphia（C） Chicago（D）New York City41 Tourist trade is important in economy in with rich gr
28、een mountains and valleys. ( )（A）British Columbia（B） Atlantic provinces（C） the Canadian-Shield（D）St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces42 Which of the following about Canada in World War I is NOT true? ( )（A）It founded its navy to enter World War I.（B） It took a seat as a member of the League of Nations
29、.（C） It won the right to sign the Peace Treaty of 1919 in its own name.（D）It has found its place among the nations of the world since World War I.43 Generally speaking, Canada can be divided into geographical regions. ( )（A）three（B） four（C） five（D）six44 Which of the following statements about Austra
30、lia is true? ( )（A）It is the worlds fifth largest country and is surrounded by sea.（B） It is the smallest and the only continent that contains only one country.（C） It is a continent that contains only Australia and New Zealand.（D）It is the worlds smallest continent and the worlds fourth largest coun
31、try.45 The first Australian colony, established by Britain in 1788 and called the premier state,is_. ( )（A）Victoria（B） Tasmania（C） Queensland（D）New South Wales46 The Australian political division borders are drawn _. ( )（A）along straight lines of latitude and longitude（B） along rivers and forests（C）
32、 along mountain ranges（D）along natural features47 The only native mammals in New Zealand are_. ( )（A）rabbits（B） bats（C） opossums（D）goats48 A chain of mountains runs almost the whole length of South Island in New Zealand. The highest peak is_.（A）Mt Ruapehu（B） Mt Cook（C） Mt Ngaurohoe（D）Mt Tongariro49
33、One of the four unusual demographic features of Ireland is_. ( )（A）an early marriage age（B） an excess of males in the population（C） a low proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages（D）a high birthrate compounded by a century of emigration50 Migration in Ireland declined sharply_. ( )（A）during
34、WWI（B） in recent years（C） in the early decades of the 20th century（D）after the establishment of the Irish Free State二、简答题51 What is the Magna Carta also known as?52 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U. K. ?53 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?
35、54 When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?55 What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?56 What are Conglomerates in the USA?57 Where is the name “Canada“ believed to have come from?58 Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia?59 What
36、is Maoritanga?60 What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?三、名词解释61 the House of Commons62 English feudal system63 the U. S. two-party system64 the New Deal2010 年 4 月全国自考（英语国家概况）真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known eventinEnglish
37、 history，in which William，the Conqueror confiscated almost allthe land and gave it to his Norman followers公元 1066 年的诺曼征服或许是英国历史上最著名的时间，征服者威廉没收了几乎所有的土地酬劳他的诺曼亲信与随从。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 As a result of the Black Death，landowners tended to changefrom arable to sheep-farming黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远。地主只得把耕地改成对人力需求较少的牧场
38、。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Elizabeth was 25 when she came to the throne伊丽莎白 25 岁时登基。Elizabeth reigned England Wales and Ireland for 45 years andshe remained single伊丽莎白统治英格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰 45 年，一直独身。She was able to work with Parliament伊丽莎白能与议会合作。可见只有 B 项是正确的。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 The war was fought from 1914 to 1918 prim
39、arily between twoEuropean power blocks：the“Central Power”，Germany and AustriaHungary ，and the“Allies”，Britain，France and Russia1914 年至1918 年间进行的战争主要在欧洲两大集团进行：“同盟国”包括德国和奥匈帝国；“协约国”包括英国、法国和俄国。可见只有土耳其不属于同盟国。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution英国内战又称为清教徒革命。6 【正确答案】
40、 B【试题解析】 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy：the head of State is a king or a queenIn practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does notrule联合王国是君主立宪制国家。国家首脑是国王或女王。实际上君主统而不治。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 In January，1973，Britain finally became a full member of theEuropean Economic Community。which was establis
41、hed by the Treaty ofRome in 19571973 年 1 月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。共同体是根据 1957 年的罗马条约成立的。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industryand the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britainin the late 18th and early 19th centuries工业革命指的是 18 世纪末、19 世
42、纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The Christian festivals of the year are Christmas，Easter，andWhite Sunday 一年当中的基督教节日有圣诞节、复活节和圣灵降临节。10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of BritainAt present there are 50 membercountri
43、es within the Commonwealth英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成。目前，英联邦有 50 个成员国。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The Belgae were the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes贝尔盖人是凯尔特部落中最勤奋、最精力充沛的。12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Political change in England did not come through revolution butthrough gradual reform英国的政治变革不是通过革命，
44、而是通过逐渐改革而进行的。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Since 1945 either the Conservative Party or the Labor Partyhas held power自从 1945 年以来，保守党和工党轮流执政。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Elizabeths reign was a time of confident English nationalismand of great achievements in literature and other arts，in exploration andin battle伊丽莎白统治时期人民自信民
45、族主义高涨，在文学和其他艺术方面，在探险和对外战争方面都取得了巨大成就。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Aftef the Restoration，Parliament passed a series of severelaws called the Clarendon Code against the Puritans，now known asNonconformists王朝复辟之后，议会通过一一系列称为克莱拉登法典的法律对付清教徒，即现在的拒不信奉英国国教者。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Although the Wars of the Roses were waged inte
46、rmittently forthirty years，ordinary people were little affected and went about theirbusiness as usual From these wars feliitalism received its death hlowNo less than 80 nobles of royal blood were killed in the warsThe greatmedieval nobility was much weakened and discreditedThe kings powernow became
47、supreme 虽然“玫瑰战争”断断续续进行了三十年，但普通民众所受影响甚微，他们照常从事各自营生。封建制度却遭受了致命的打击。不少于 80 位皇族血统的贵族阵亡，中世纪的贵族势力被大大削弱，名誉扫地。至此国王的权力变得至高无上。可见，只有 B 项错误。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe，Ben Johnson，and william Shakespeare最出名的代表人物是克里斯托夫.马洛、本.琼生和威廉.莎士比亚。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 For 30 years industrial r
48、elationships remained stormy，but un til 1850 working class energies were taken up with other movements此后 30 年中，劳资关系一直风云不断，但是直到 1850 年，工人阶级力量才与其他一些运动结合。19 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 sir Winston Churchill received massive popular support as awar leader and led his country to final victory in 1945温斯顿 .丘吉尔爵士作为战时领导人
49、受到群众普遍欢迎，他领导英国在 1945 年获胜。20 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Every person in Britain has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State在英国，人人都有宗教信仰的自由，社会或政府不得干涉。He may change his religion at willand may manifest his faith in teaching，worship and observance 他可随意改变其宗教信仰，可以在教职、礼拜或仪式中表明他的信仰。Churches and religious societies of all kinds may own property，conductschools，and p
