[自考类试卷]全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷5及答案与解析.doc

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1、全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Which of the following statements is not true about Britain? ( )(A)Great Britain and England are geographical names.(B) The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(C) Britain has four political divisions on the island of

2、 Great Britain.(D)British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931.2 _ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was remarkably successful in converting the British king and the nobility to Christianity. ( )(A)St. Patrick(B) St. Augustine(C) St. Palladius(D)Ethelbert3 Which is not tr

3、ue about the consequences of the Norman Conquest? ( )(A)The English history of being invaded was ended.(B) The feudal system in England was completely established.(C) Relations with the Continent were opened.(D)The British native culture perished.4 The property record in Williams time is known as _.

4、 ( )(A)the Book of Doom(B) Domesday Book(C) Magna Carta(D)the Salic Law5 _is regarded by many Englishmen as the foundation of English liber-ties. ( )(A)The beginning of British Parliament(B) The peoples Charter(C) The petition of Right(D)Magna Carta of 12156 As a result of the Black Death,_. ( )(A)a

5、ll land was left untended(B) no labor was required any longer(C) Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming(D)surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages7 The significance of the Wars of the Roses was all the following except that_. ( )(A)feudalism received its death

6、blow(B) the great medieval nobility was much weakened(C) the kings power now became limited(D)no less than 80 nobles of royal blood were killed in the wars8 The real religious change which people call “ The Reformation“ began with_. ( )(A)Henry VII(B) Henry VIII(C) Mary Tudor(D)Edward VI9 The defeat

7、 of_by the English in 1588 put an end to Catholic conspiracies against Elizabeth I and enabled England to become a trading country. ( )(A)the French navy(B) the Roman Catholics(C) Queen.of Scots(D)the Spanish Armada10 _became Lord Protector for the Commonwealth of England, in 16( )(A)Charles I(B) Ol

8、iver Cromwell(C) Charles II(D)William and Mary11 The replacement of King James II by William and his wife Mary has been known as_. ( )(A)the Restoration(B) the takeover(C) the Glorious Revolution(D)the Revolutionary War12 _ was not in the “Allies“ in the First World War. ( )(A)Britain(B) France(C) R

9、ussia(D)Turkey13 Under the traditional English open field system_ was cultivated at any time. ( )(A)all the land(B) only 2/3 of the land(C) half of the land(D)only 1/3 of the land14 During the First World War, Britain was allied with _. ( )(A)Turkey(B) the Central powers(C) France and Russia(D)Germa

10、ny and Austria-Hungary15 The British Constitution is made up of the following laws except . ( )(A)common law(B) commonwealth law(C) statute law(D)conventions16 In Britain, the members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of_years. ( )(A)four(B) three(C) five(D)six17 The central responsi

11、bility of justice in the United Kingdom lies with_,the Home Secretary and the Attorney General. ( )(A)the Prime Minister(B) the Lord President(C) the Lord Chancellor(D)the Sovereign18 In Great Britain, almost of medical prescription items are supplied free. ( )(A)50%(B) 60%(C) 0.7(D)0.819 Which of t

12、he following is not concerned with Easter? ( )(A)Easter celebrates the Resurrection of Christ.(B) Easter is on the first Sunday after the first full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.(C) On Easter, people exchange presents and greeting cards.(D)Easter is traditionally associ

13、ated with the eating of Easter eggs.20 First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last_ years in English, Wales and Northern Ireland. ( )(A)3(B) 4(C) 5(D)621 The professional football season runs from until_ in U. K. ( )(A)May, August(B) September, May(C) May, September(D)August, May22 Pa

14、ntomime is a kind of play based on a traditional fairy tale and performed . ( )(A)at Easter(B) on New Years Day(C) at Christmas time(D)on St. Patricks Day 23 One of the four unusual demographic features of Ireland is_. ( )(A)an early marriage age(B) an excess of males in the population(C) a low prop

15、ortion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages(D)a high birthrate compounded by a century of emigration24 The Irish Republic was proclaimed in the_ of 19( )(A)peasant Uprising(B) Easter Uprising(C) Revolutionary War(D)Great Movement25 About 77 % of the population in the United States lived in the_in

16、198( )(A)283 cities(B) along the Mississippi(C) around the Great Lakes(D)countryside26 The Declaration of Independence was drafted by_. ( )(A)James Madison(B) Thomas Jefferson(C) Alexander Hamilton(D)George Washington27 When the United States was founded there were_ states. ( )(A)50(B) 48(C) 13(D)16

17、28 Lincoln ended his famous Gettysburg Speech by these words:“that government_the people, the people,_the people, shall not perish from the earth. “ ( )(A)of, for, by(B) by, of, for(C) for, of, by(D)of, by, for29 In the political area, the Progressive Movement wanted to_. ( )(A)improve living condit

18、ions for the poor in the cities(B) reform the national government(C) reform the city and state governments and to end corruption(D)regulate big business30 The 1920s has been described as a period of_ and_in the United States. ( )(A)material success, spiritual frustration(B) reforms, progress(C) fore

19、ign expansion, domestic oppression(D)racial discrimination, demonstrations31 Franklin Roosevelts program for the depression was called_. ( )(A)Progressivism(B) Laissez Faire(C) New Freedom(D)New Deal32 After the Second World War, both the US and the Soviet Union first attempted to exercise control o

20、ver_. ( )(A)Middle East(B) Eastern Europe(C) Western Europe(D)North Korea33 In 1962, President_ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. ( )(A)Nixon(B) Truman(C) Johnson(D)Kennedy34 Which of

21、the following is not true about the American economy? ( )(A)It is one of the least regulated economics in the world.(B) It is based largely on a free enterprise system.(C) There is little government involvement in the economy.(D)Many of the nations basic industries are represented by only a few majo

22、r corporations.35 It was _ which formed a new nationthe United States of America. ( )(A)the Bill of Rights(B) the Articles of Confederation(C) the Continental Congress(D)the Constitutional papers36 The Bill of Right is the term used for the first_ amendments to the Constitution. ( )(A)ten(B) eleven(

23、C) thirteen(D)nine37 There have been _periods in the deyelopment of American political parties in the United States. ( )(A)two(B) three(C) four(D)five38 In America education, for the four following high schools, high schools only aim to prepare students for college. ( )(A)comprehensive(B) academic(C

24、) vocational(D)technical39 The locality in Mark Twains works was usually somewhere along_. ( )(A)the Hudson River(B) the Mississippi River(C) the Missouri River(D)the Mississippi Lowland40 The symbols which are associated with Valentine s Day are the following except_. ( )(A)cards decorated with hea

25、rts(B) cupid armed with bow and arrow(C) flowers tied with red ribbons(D)toast turkey41 The chief manufacturing district of Canada is_. ( )(A)Southeastern Ontario(B) Newfoundland(C) Nova Scotia(D)New Brunswick42 _became Canadas tenth province in 19( )(A)Quebec(B) British Columbia(C) Newfoundland(D)P

26、rince Edward Island43 Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of migration to Canada. ( )(A)free(B) selected(C) restricted(D)encouraging44 Canada has admitted over_ immigrants since Confederation in 1867 and approximately _ since the end of WWII. ( )(A)10 million, 4 million(B) 10 mil

27、lion, 4. 5 million(C) 11 million, 4 million(D)11 million, 4. 5 million45 Australia is located between_and the Indian Ocean. ( )(A)the South Pacific Ocean(B) the Atlantic Ocean(C) the North Sea(D)the Arctic46 Although Australia has a large area, of the continent is desert or semi-desert. ( )(A)one-th

28、ird(B) two-thirds(C) half(D)more than half47 About _of the land in Australia is used for sheep and cattle grazing on large properties called ( )(A)30% , farms(B) 60% , stations(C) 80% , ranges(D)70% , grassland48 The biggest and smallest states of Australia are respectively _. ( )(A)Queensland and V

29、ictoria(B) South Australia and Tasmania(C) Western Australia and South Australia(D)Western Australia and Tasmania49 New Zealands highest peak is_in the mountain range called the Southern Alps. ( )(A)Mount Ngaurohoe(B) Mount Tongariro(C) Mount Cook(D)Mount Taranaki50 The bird called is a national sym

30、bol of New Zealand. ( )(A)weka(B) Pukeko(C) bellbird(D)kiwi二、简答题51 How did the Anglo-Saxons invade England?52 What is the main spirit of the Great Charter?53 What was Puritanism noted for?54 What was the goal of the London Working Mens Association in its struggle?55 What are Established churches in

31、Britain?56 What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?57 What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?58 What are the three giants in the American automobile industry?59 Why is education very important to Americans?60 Where is the name “Canada“ believed to have come from

32、?三、名词解释61 The Civil List62 The Progressive Movement63 New Freedom64 Earl Warren全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 5 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 大不列颠岛上有三个政区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。因此 C 项说有四个政区是不正确的。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 公元 579 年,圣.奥古斯丁成为第一位坎特伯雷大主教。奥古斯丁在使国王和贵族皈依基督徒方面很成功。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1066 年的诺曼征服后,威廉用强大的诺曼政府取代了软弱的撒克逊人统治。这样英格兰完全确立了封

33、建制度:扩展了与欧洲大陆的关系;文明和商业都得到了发展;引进了诺曼一法国文化、语言、举止和建筑;教会与罗马的联系更为密切,教会法庭从世俗法庭中单独分离出来。引进法国文化的同时,英国本地文化并没有消亡,因此选项 D 表述有误。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 为了使所有的土地、佃户和他们的财产记录可靠并查明他们能交多少税,威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为末日审判书。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 长期以来普遍认为大宪章是英国自由的基础。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远。鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏,选项 A 表述“全部的”有误。地主只得把耕地改成对

34、人力需求较少的牧场,选项 C 表述正确。幸存的农民处于有利的 地位,可以讨价还价,他们从农奴变成了雇佣劳动力,选项 A 和 D 表述错误。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 虽然玫瑰战争断断续续进行了三十年,但普通民众所受影响甚微,他们照常从事各自营生。封建制度却遭受了致命打击。不少于 80 位皇族血统的贵族阵亡,中世纪的贵族势力被大大削弱,名誉扫地。至此国王的权力变得至高无上。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 亨利八世之后是他的儿子爱德华六世(1547 1553),女儿玛丽.都铎(15531558)和伊丽莎白一世(15581603) 。真正的宗教变革发生在他的儿子爱德华统治时期,人们把他向新教

35、神学的转变称为“宗教改革”。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 西班牙无敌舰队的灭亡表明了英国作为海上强国的优势。英国的胜利决定性地遏制了天主教欲重新控制北欧各国的疯狂企图,同时使英国随后能成为强大的贸易国和殖民国。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 克伦威尔任命了一些人取代“残余国会”,大部分由他自己挑选,也仅仅持续了几个月。1653 年 12 月,根据政府文告,他成了英格兰共和国护国公。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 英国政客反对詹姆斯二世,他们呼吁信奉新教的国王,即奥兰治亲王威廉入侵英国夺取王位,威廉是詹姆斯的荷兰侄子,也是詹姆斯女儿玛丽的丈夫。1688 年 11 月 15 日,威廉在

36、托尔比登陆并占领伦敦。这一占领相当顺利,既未流血也未处死国王,这就是“光荣革命”。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1914 年至 1918 年间进行的战争主要在欧洲两大集团进行:“同盟国”包括德国和奥匈帝国;“协约国”包括英国、法国和俄国。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英国在传统的开放式天地制下,许多事都以集体为基础,每年有一块大田“休耕”以便经过两年耕种后土壤能通过休耕恢复肥沃。这意味着任何时候只有三分之二的土地被耕种。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 一站中,英国与法国、俄国组成协约国。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 与大多数其他国家宪法不同,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而是

37、由成文法、习惯法和惯例组成。16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 大选必须五年举行一次,但经常不到五年就进行一次选举。17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题主要考查的知识点是英国的司法。英国没有司法部门,司法职权主要由大法官、内政大臣和检察总长行使。18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 英国被认为是福利国家。它的国民保健度为每个居民提供全面医疗服务。药单上的药品约 80是免费供应。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 复活节是基督教的主要节日,庆祝基督复活。在第一次月圆后的第一个星期日,刚好在春分时或春分后(3 月 21 日)。复活节有吃复活节彩蛋的传统,并且与春天来临紧密相连,大多数教堂为复活节

38、时举行的仪式而特别装饰上鲜花。除复活节彩蛋外(巧克力做成),很少交换礼物和贺卡。20 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰,第一学位的课程主要是全日制的,通常学制 3 年。但是也有四年制课程,而医学和兽医学通常要学 5 年。21 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 在英国,职业足球的赛季从八月到次年五月。22 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 童话剧是以传说童话为基础的一种戏剧,在圣诞节期间演出。23 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 爱尔兰有四大不寻常的人口特征:(1)低出生率,伴随整个世纪的移民;(2)晚婚(男性 35 岁,女性 29 岁) ;(3)男性过剩;(4) 各种年龄的独身男

39、女比例很高。24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 20 世纪的最初一、二十年,爱尔兰民族主义日益高涨,1916 年爆发的复活节起义达到高潮,宣布成立爱尔兰共和国。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 1988 年美国 77的人口居住在约 283 个城市里。26 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 弗吉尼亚的托马斯.杰斐逊起草了独立宣言。27 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 美国从大西洋沿岸的十三个殖民地发展成一个横跨大陆到太平洋沿岸的国家。28 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1863 年 11 月 19 日,亚伯拉罕.林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓落成仪式上发表了一篇简短演说。他以令人难忘的语言结束了演说:“民

40、有、民治、民享的政府将不会从地球上消失”。29 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 在政治领域,进步主义要求改革市政府和州政府,结束镀金时代的腐败。30 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 许多历史学家把美国的 20 年代描写成一个物质成功、精神颓废或迷惘和漫无目标的时期。31 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 富兰克林.罗斯福总统,针对美国经济萧条的项目,被称为“新政”。32 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 由于美国的实力在二战中得到大大加强,所以认为自己能够确立领导地位,并为美国的商品和资本打开世界市场。为此美国想摧垮苏联在东欧的势力范围。苏联出于自身安全的考虑和对资本主义包围的恐惧,也决心不惜任何代价要保

41、持住它对东欧国家的控制和其势力范围。33 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 经过反复讨论之后肯尼迪总统最后决定动用海军阻止军事物资和武器进入古巴同时要求把导弹撤除。34 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 美国的经济是以私营为主的自由市场经济;私有成分在经济中所占的比例比任何其他发达国家都大得多。然而,政府仍是美国经济中的重要组成部分。国家的多数基础工业被少数几家公司控制。35 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 邦联条例做了一件很重要的事情,那就是它建立了一个新的国家美利坚合众国。36 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 人权法案用来指宪法的前十项修正案。37 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 美国政党的历史可分为四

42、个时期。38 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 高中学校包括综合的、学术的以及职业技术学校,其教学任务各不相同。综合性高中既提供普通文化课、又提供职业教育,学术性高中的惟一目的是为大学培养学生。39 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 马克.吐温作品中的所在地往往是沿着密西西比河的某个地方。40 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 人们普遍赠送装饰有两颗心和鲜花的卡片表达爱情。有时他把爱情信息放在一个心形的巧克力盒子里,或者放在用红丝带系好的一束鲜花里。糖果、香水、珠宝或是带有心形和弓箭武装起来的丘比特(罗马爱神)的图片也可以用来表达爱情。41 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 安大略省的东南部是加拿大的主要工业

43、区。42 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 1949 年纽芬兰成为加拿大的第十个省。43 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题主要考查的知识点是加拿大的移民政策。自 1867 年的联邦制以来,加拿大的移民政策发生了很大的变化。它经历了自由移民(1867-1896)到选择性移民(1896 一 1914),再到限制性移民(19141945)。自 1945 年以来,加拿大政府采取鼓励移民的政策。44 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1867 年四省联盟成立以来,加拿大已接纳了 1100 万移民,而自二战以来已接纳了大约 450 万移民。45 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 澳大利亚东面被塔斯曼海和太平洋包围,

44、西面是印度洋,北面是珊瑚海,阿拉弗拉海和帝汶海,南面是南印度洋和大澳大利亚湾。46 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 尽管澳大利亚面积很大,但是大陆的三分之二是沙漠或半沙漠。47 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 澳大利亚大约 60的土地用作放牧牛羊的大牧场,大牧场被称为“站”。48 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 西澳大利亚是澳大利亚最大的州;塔斯马尼亚岛塔斯马尼亚是澳大利亚六个州中最小的一个,它是一个岛,位于澳大利亚大陆的东南部的南端。49 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 一连串的山脉几乎绵亘了整个南岛,最高峰为库克山,高 3764 米,位于被称为南阿尔卑斯山脉的中部。50 【正确答案】 D【试题解析

45、】 几维鸟是新西兰民族的象征,因此新西兰人把自己称作几维人。二、简答题51 【正确答案】 The Anglo-Saxons invaded into Britain in three waves: Jutes, Saxons and Anglos. 52 【正确答案】 The main spirit was to limit the powers of the King. 53 【正确答案】 It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes. 54 【正确答案】 It aimed

46、 “to seek by every legal means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political and social rights“.55 【正确答案】 There are two established churches in Britain: (l)Church of England; (2)Church of Scotland. They are recognized as official churches of the State. 56 【正确答案】 Violent opposition

47、 to the treaty by ultranationalists led to a civil war. 57 【正确答案】 The basic demand was government regulation of the economy and social conditions. 58 【正确答案】 The three giants are General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. 59 【正确答案】 Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal succ

48、ess. 60 【正确答案】 It is believed to have come from the native people, the Indians.三、名词解释61 【正确答案】 (l)The Civil List is an annual grant approved by Parliament. The grant is made to the British Sovereign and members of the royal family. (2)It is used to cover the expense involved in carrying out their pu

49、blic duties. 62 【正确答案】 The Progressive Movement, a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions, spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. The Progressive Movement was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals. It was a number of diverse efforts at political, social and econ

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