1、全国自考（英语阅读一）模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、CAREFUL READING0 Television that most pervasion and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic
2、revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.Very simply put, television works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image into electronic impulses,which can be sent through a wire
3、 or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set),can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses throug
4、h broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is one broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, we are most familiar with broadcast television; ABC, NBC and CBS have
5、 been the major purveyors of news,information, and entertainment. But now, in addition, we have CNN, Cable News Network, the first global TV news company. With its advent, the very definition of news was rewritten from something that has happened to something that is happening at the very moment you
6、 are hearing of it. In 1991 ,one of the most eventful years of this century, the world witnessed the dramatic and transforming impact of live televised news coverage on the latest developments. For turning viewers in 150 countries into instant witnesses of history, whereby influencing the dynamic of
7、 events, Robert Edward Turner president of CNN, was Times Man of the Year for 1991.1 With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? ( )（A）Recent changes in modern technology.（B） The marriage of broadcasting giants.（C） The role of television in todays society.（D）The content of broadcast televisi
8、on programs.2 According to the passage, how many major networks are there? ( )（A）Two.（B） Three.（C） Four.（D）Five.3 Which of the following networks does feature TV films, game shows or talk shows on its program? ( )（A）NBC（B） ABC（C） CBS.（D）CNN.4 It can be inferred from the passage that ordinary people
9、_. ( )（A）think“all politics is local“（B） can take a deep interest in events that occur in remote places（C） respond to news coverage only in nationalistic terms（D）ignore communications media5 According to the passage,for what reason was Robert Edward Turner of CNN chosen Times Man of the Year for 199
10、1? ( )（A）For his commitment to reshape our lives and our world.（B） For making CNN a powerful tool to reach other human beings in the“global village“.（C） For introducing CNN as a major purveyor of news information.（D）For introducing“simultaneous happening“to news coverage with a vast influence on cri
11、tical events of the year.5 In the old days, when a glimpse of stockings was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A mans secretary became his personal se
12、rvant,charged with remembering his wifes birthday and buying her presents;taking his suits to dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all this may be changing again. Hie microchip (集成块)a
13、nd high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much better of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work and then men will want to do it again
14、. “That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the U. SOnce high technology has made the job secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can
15、walk right into better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they not just because they can buy negligees (妇女长睡衣 ) for the boss wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men.6 Before 1914 female secretar
16、ies were rare because they_. ( )（A）were less efficient than men（B） were not as serious as men（C） liked stockings（D）would have disturbed other office workers7 Besides fulfilling other duties, a female secretary was expected to _. ( )（A）be her bosss memory（B） clean her bosss clothes（C） do what her bos
17、s asked her to（D）telephone her bosss wife8 Secretaries,until recently, had to do a lot of work now done by_. ( )（A）machines（B） other staff（C） servants（D）wives9 A secretary in the future will_. ( )（A）be better paid（B） have higher status（C） have less work to do（D）have more work to do10 The writer beli
18、eves that before long . ( )（A）both men and women will be qualified secretaries（B） men will be better than machines（C） men will take over womens jobs as secretaries（D）women will operate most office machines10 If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of
19、 socialization people and organizations charged with conveying the rules. Chief among these are parents, peers, teachers, the media, and religious authorities.The first and most important agent of socialization is those who care for infants. In the earliest months,messages from nur-turers constitute
20、 the childs basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infants first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotions. What the child learns is the culture as mediated through others. A desire for continued interaction with the nurturers, combined with a fear of
21、losing these sources of pleasure, motivates the infant to become sensitive to the cues of those entrusted with its care.Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship group of age peers. Peers are equals, whereas parents are superiors in relation to the child. The greater
22、 power of parents makes some kinds of learning difficult. A distance and formality must be observed even in the most indulgent homes. Peers, on the other hand, are those one can deal with on the same level as oneself: tease, insult, let imagination loose upon, share dreadful mistakes with, and so on
23、, but without the heavy emotional overlay of family relationship.Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten are specifically designated agents of socialization, and are paid for the task. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skil
24、ls to present it.In an earlier time,parents,friends,and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers. Childrens books, comics, and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add four powerful indirect socialization
25、 agents: radio, movie, television and computer. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of the good life,and develop attitudes toward others from what they see on the screen and hear through loudspeakers.11 The main topic of this passage is _. ( )（A）agents of socialization（B） sources of info
26、rmation（C） culture and language learning（D）channels of transmission12 According to the passage, parents are . ( )（A）the first and most important agents of socialization（B） the less powerful agents of socialization than teachers（C） the least important agents of socialization（D）formal agents of social
27、ization13 Some kind of knowledge cannot be learned from parents because _. ( )（A）there is the heavy emotional overlay of family relationships（B） children are not regarded as equals（C） children are not allowed to make mistakes（D）they have too many age peers14 Which of the following is not mentioned a
28、s a source of information on norms and models? ( )（A）Games.（B） Radio.（C） Books.（D）Television.15 The term“socializers“in the last paragraph refers to ( )（A）instructors（B） agents of socialization（C） superiors（D）nurturers15 New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now
29、a“global village“where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people w
30、ho have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks, the executive stationed in another country no l
31、onger need fear being “out of sight and out of mind“. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have gre
32、ater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普通的 ).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses i
33、n the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a
34、candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home off
35、ice who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.16 What is the authors attitude toward high-tech communications equipment? ( )（A）Critical.（B） Prejudiced.（C） Indifferent.（D）Positive.17 With the increased use of high-tech communica
36、tions equipment, business people . ( )（A）have to get familiar with modern technology（B） are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations（C） are attaching more importance to their overseas business（D）are eager to work overseas18 In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind“ (Para. 3) pro
37、bably means . ( )（A）being unable to think properly for lack of insight（B） being totally out of touch with business at home（C） missing opportunities for promotion when abroad（D）leaving all care and worry behind19 According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporatio
38、ns in employing people today? ( )（A）Connections with businesses overseas.（B） Ability to speak the clients language.（C） Technical know-how.（D）Business experience.20 The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can_. ( )（A）better control the whole negotiation process（B） easil
39、y find new approaches to meet market needs（C） fast forward their proposals to headquarters（D）easily make friends with business people abroad二、SPEED READING20 It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisi
40、ons we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts,
41、but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up an eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans
42、 and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computer, for example, contains devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 1,000 ,
43、000“words“ ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, his is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can
44、recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.21 According to the passage, memory is considered to be _. ( )（A）the basis for decision making and problem so
45、lving（B） an ability to store experiences for future use（C） an intelligence typically possessed by human beings（D）the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words22 The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that ( )（A）the computer
46、s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenagers（B） the computers memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human beings（C） the computers memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenagers（D）the computers memory capacity is the same as any teenagers23 The whole passage implies that . (
47、)（A）only human beings have problem solving intelligence（B） a persons memory is different from a computers in every respect（C） animals are able to solve only very simple problems（D）animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence24 The phrase“in terms of“ in the last sentence can best be
48、replaced by ( )（A）in connection with（B） expressed of（C） consisting（D）by means of25 What will be accounted for after the last paragraph of this passage? ( )（A）Life will also be happy even if there is no memory for people.（B） Both human beings and animals have the same memory.（C） Peoples memory is inf
49、erior to computers.（D）The way that people use words and combination of words to form memory.25 When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it at this moment in time. It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Suns history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, we see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There
