1、Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA13ERecommended Practice forFire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinklerand Standpipe Systems2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 13E, Recommended Practice for Fire Department Operations in PropertiesProtected
2、 by Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems, was prepared by the Technical Committee on FireService Training. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 11, 2014, with aneffective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 13E was approved as an American Nati
3、onal Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 13EIn 1933, NFPA adopted an informative brochure that was prepared by the Committee onField Practice and entitled “Use of Automatic Sprinklers by Fire Departments.” It was pub-lished as a separate pamphlet and reprinted in 1936. The wor
4、k formerly carried on by theCommittee on Field Practice was distributed to a number of new committees in 1953, and atthat time the Committee on Standpipes and Outside Protection was given responsibility forthe brochure. A subcommittee of the Committees on Standpipes and Outside Protection,Automatic
5、Sprinklers, Fire Department Equipment, and Fire Service Training prepared arevision, “Fire Department Operations in Protected Properties,” which, on recommendationof the four committees, was adopted as an informative report at the NFPAAnnual Meeting in1961. The informative report was published and c
6、irculated as a separate pamphlet, No.SPI-1961, but was not included in the annual volumes of the National Fire Codes.Recommended Practice for Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler and Stand-pipe Systems, NFPA 13E, was adopted with minor revisions by NFPA at its 1966 Annual
7、Meetingon recommendation of the Committee on Standpipes and Outside Protection. It wasamended and updated in 1973, 1978, 1983, 1989, 1995, and 2000. The changes made by theTechnical Committee on Fire Service Training in the 2000 edition of this document alignedits text with changes made to NFPA 13,
8、Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.Inaddition, several chapters presenting new pre-incident planning and fireground operationalconsiderations for fire personnel were added.In the revision process for the 2005 edition, the previous numbering of chapters andparagraphs changed to reflec
9、t requirements in the 2004 edition of the Manual of Style forNFPATechnical Committee Documents.The 2010 edition included some clarifying language regarding the use of alternative watersupplies for fire department support of sprinkler and standpipe systems. In addition, thisedition included additiona
10、l illustrations of primary sprinkler/standpipe system valves and animproved illustration of a typical sprinkler system layout, using symbols from NFPA 170,Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols, 2009 edition.In the 2014 edition, the committee updated the standpipe system sections to bring th
11、emup to current practices.13E1NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Fire Service TrainingKenneth W. Richards, Jr., ChairOld Mystic Fire Department, CT EWesley E. Barbour,
12、 CrossBar International LLC, NY SEJohn P. Brown, Nassau County Fire Service Academy,NY UW. Edward Buchanan, Jr., Hanover Fire EMSDepartment, VA UJames Cannell, Columbus Ohio Division of Fire, OH LRep. Columbus Firefighters UnionRick Egelin, Fireblast 451 Incorporated, CA MMike Gagliano, Seattle Fire
13、 Department, WA EWilliam E. Glover, High Temperature Linings (HTL),VA MCortez Lawrence, US Department of Homeland Security,MD SERoger M. LeBoeuf, Elliott, LeBoeuf if so, forhow long and at what pressure; and any issues with thebackflow device or pressure-reducing devices(11) Whether the valve was cl
14、osed after the fire, and whichemployee ordered that the valve be closed(12) Number of sprinklers replaced by the fire department(13) Type of sprinklers installed(14) Whether sprinkler protection was fully restored and bywhom(15) Actions taken to restore service(16) Whether the private water supply t
15、o sprinklers operatedsatisfactorily(17) Whether the fire prevention bureau was notified(18) Whether the representative of management was notifiedas well as the names of the employee making notificationand of those notifiedFIGURE 4.4.1 Sprinkler with Sprinkler Wedge Installed.13E7PROPERTIES PROTECTED
16、 BY AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS2015 Edition4.6 Ventilation in Storage Occupancies.4.6.1 Fire department personnel should study occupancieswith a wide variety of configurations and a wide range of stor-age commodities to determine whether there is a need forspecial procedures, particularly where stor
17、age heights are inexcess of 12 ft (3.66 m). This study should be done because, insome cases, routine ventilation procedures in the early stagesof a fire can hinder effective sprinkler operation. The fire de-partment should discuss its pre-incident plan for these types ofoccupancies with the occupant
18、, sprinkler system designer, andinsurance carrier to determine whether a modification in pro-cedures is appropriate.4.6.2* Where search and rescue operations have been com-pleted prior to the fire departments performance of ventila-tion work, the incident commander should allow the auto-matic sprink
19、lers to continue to operate without furtherventilation.Chapter 5 Properties Protected by ExteriorSprinklers for Protection Against Exposure Fires5.1 General.5.1.1* Fire department personnel should be aware that manybuildings or properties that have a severe exposure problemmight be equipped with ext
20、erior sprinkler systems designed toprovide a water curtain capable of shielding the property fromfires in other buildings or in storage areas.5.1.2 Fire department training and operational protocolsshould be in place so that, when used properly, sprinklers forexterior protection (specially designed
21、for a water curtain ef-fect) and sprinkler systems will prevent an exposure fire fromentering the building.5.2 Pre-Incident Planning. In properties having exteriorsprinkler protection, fire personnel and officers assigned tothe first-due companies should thoroughly understand the fol-lowing:(1) The
22、construction and layout of the building, the nature ofthe occupancies protected by exterior sprinklers, the ex-tent of this protection, and the type and operation (auto-matic or manual) of sprinkler systems(2) The water supply to the sprinklers, including the sourceand type of supply, the flow and p
23、ressure normally avail-able, and the anticipated duration of the available supply(3) The location of all sprinkler control valves, the area con-trolled by each valve, and the consequence of shutting offeach valve(4) The location of fire department connections to sprinklersystems, the specific area e
24、ach connection serves, and thewater supply, hose, and pumper layout that will be used tofeed the sprinkler connections(5) The specific company assignment having the primary re-sponsibility for charging the sprinkler connection(6) The location of water supplies for handlines that can beused without j
25、eopardizing the water supply to the operat-ing sprinklers(7) An alternative means for supplying water to the system incase of damage to the fire department connection(8) The location of spare or replacement sprinklers(9) Keyholder information for contact in case of emergency5.3 Water Supply for Fire
26、 Fighting.5.3.1* A sketch should be prepared showing the location ofthe control valves, the fire department supply connections,and the hydrants to be used for pumping into the system.Where exposure fire is a problem, an assumption should bemade that a major fire could happen that will also require a
27、number of hose streams for manual fire fighting. An assump-tion should also be made that standard automatic sprinklersystems might be in the fire area that must be supplied withlines from pumpers as their water supplies.5.3.2 When possible, fire departments should avoid draftingfrom open water sourc
28、es into sprinkler systems and standpipesystems where such systems are connected to potable watersupplies unless appropriate backflow protection equipment isinstalled.5.4 Fireground Operations Involving Exterior Sprinklers.5.4.1* The incident commander in charge should ensure thatexterior systems are
29、 used to fulfill their intended purpose andshould be aware of the existence of the system and the meansof water supply.5.4.2 The incident commander should determine as quicklyas possible whether exterior sprinklers are operating. If thesystem is manually operated, a fire department member with aport
30、able radio should immediately be sent to open the valve incase the exterior sprinklers are needed later. In some cases,several valves control different exposed parts of a protectedbuilding, so the correct valve must be opened. Care should betaken to conserve the water supply and minimize potentialwa
31、ter damage by shutting off the exterior sprinklers when theyare no longer required.5.4.3 Where a fire department connection is provided, anengine company should pump into the connection.5.4.4 The incident commander in charge should be respon-sible for the following:(1) Ordering fire personnel into t
32、he exposed buildings to as-certain that all windows are closed and fire has not ex-tended into the buildings concerned(2) Setting up fire department lines in the exposed buildingsif the exposure is severe; standpipe facilities can be used ifavailable.(3) Sending fire personnel to the roof to make ce
33、rtain that nopart of the roof structure has ignited(4) Ordering salvage operations in exposed buildings(5) Ordering exterior sprinklers to be shut off and drainedwhen no longer needed(6) Ordering the system to be restored (see 4.4.4)Chapter 6 Properties Protected by Standpipe Systems6.1 Inspection a
34、nd Pre-Incident Planning.6.1.1 Personnel responsible for inspection and pre-incidentplanning should be aware that many properties have stand-pipe systems serving fire hose outlets in various parts of one ormore buildings and that standpipe systems can be used by thefire personnel to place streams in
35、 service quickly in areas thatcannot be reached conveniently with hose lines that are di-rectly connected to pumpers or hydrants outside of buildings.13E8 FIRE DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS IN PROPERTIES PROTECTED BY SPRINKLER AND STANDPIPE SYSTEMS2015 Edition6.1.2 Standpipe hose threads should be checked f
36、or compat-ibility with fire department threads.6.1.3* Fire personnel should determine the source and reli-ability of the water supply and follow the piping, while notingthe location of control valves.6.1.4 Where the fire department is required to supply hoseoutlets several hundred feet (meters) from
37、 the fire depart-ment connection, plans should be made in advance to providethe required pressure and fire flow based on the size of hose,the length of pipe, the maximum height of standpipe outlets,and the number of streams to be supplied.6.1.5 Pre-incident planning should include identification ofp
38、ressure-regulation devices installed within the system. Forthose standpipe systems with devices that regulate the pres-sure available to the hose lines attached to the system, firepersonnel should be aware of the devices and their placementon standpipe systems and know how to adjust them so thatthey
39、 work properly with the hose lines and nozzles that can beattached to them. Pressure-regulation device settings shouldbe compatible with the hose and nozzles used by the local firedepartment.6.1.6* Standpipe hose outlets should be checked annually byopening and closing the valves.6.2 Water Supply fo
40、r Fire Fighting.6.2.1* Fire personnel should be familiar with the variety ofsupply sources for water used in fire fighting, including stand-pipe systems with water supplied by public or private watermains, as well as fire pumps, gravity tanks, pressure tanks, firedepartment connections, or combinati
41、ons of these, in orderto provide water at adequate pressure and quantity at the out-lets.6.2.2 Fire personnel should determine the needed pressureand quantity of water at the highest outlets, and they shoulddevelop procedures to provide appropriate amounts of waterfor fire fighting when using the sy
42、stem.6.2.3 Alternative means of supplying water to the fire areashould be identified in case the system is unusable or needs tobe supplemented at the time of a fire.6.2.4 When possible, fire departments should avoid draftingfrom open water sources into sprinkler systems and standpipesystems where su
43、ch systems are connected to potable watersupplies unless appropriate backflow protection equipment isinstalled.6.3 Fireground Operations Involving Properties Protected byManual Dry or Manual Wet Standpipe Systems.6.3.1* Fire department personnel should carefully plan opera-tions in properties protec
44、ted by standpipe systems designed tosupply fire department hose streams. These proceduresshould be similar to operations in buildings protected by au-tomatic sprinklers.6.3.2 Standpipes should be utilized when fires occur onfloors above the reach of ground or aerial ladders and whenvaluable time wil
45、l be lost in stretching lines up stairways. Care-ful pre-incident and on-scene fireground planning should beperformed to ensure successful operations.6.3.3* Where standpipe systems provide fire department con-nections, lines from a pumper supplied by a water mainshould be connected and charged to th
46、e pressure required togive the desired working pressure on the standpipe outletsbeing used. Where several independent standpipes are avail-able for fire department use in the fire area, each standpipeshould be charged. (See Figure 6.3.3.)6.3.4* Fire Department Standpipe Connections and PumpDischarge
47、 Pressures for Manual Dry or Manual Wet Stand-pipes.6.3.4.1 When pumping to a fire department standpipe con-nection, the pump operator should consider the following fac-tors in calculating pump discharge pressure:(1) Friction loss in the hose line between the pump and thestandpipe connection(2) Fric
48、tion loss in the standpipe system(3) Pressure loss due to elevation of the nozzle(s)(4) Number, length, and size of attack lines operating fromthe standpipe(5) Pressure desired at the nozzle(s)6.3.4.2 Pump discharge pressure in excess of 200 psi (13.8 bar)should not be used unless the standpipe syst
49、em has been de-signed to withstand higher pressures. Fire suppression personnelshould be familiar with options and acceptable practices avail-able to them in response to varying configurations and locationsof standpipe outlets.6.3.5 Hose or “house lines” attached to standpipe outletsshould not be used except in the case of extreme emergency.Fire personnel should provide hose and nozzles of appropri-ate size and length along with proper accessory equipment forthe anticipated fire conditions.6.3.6 Limitations of communication devices, as well as theessential ability to
