1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDO and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, LVWKHVROHUHVSR
2、QVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
3、 stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-
4、0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS6414M AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS6414 REV. M Issued 1964-01 Revised 2016-12 Superseding AMS6414L Steel, Bars, Fo
5、rgings, and Tubing 0.80Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38 - 0.43C) (SAE 4340) Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted (Composition similar to UNS G43406) RATIONALE AMS6414M results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification that revises the micro-inclusion rating (3.4.2) and decarburization test p
6、rocedures (3.4.5.5), quality (3.5), and reporting (4.4). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. 1.2 Application These products have been used typically for parts requiring a through-
7、hardening capability up to 3.5 inches (89 mm) in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment and subject to rigid magnetic particle inspection standards, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.2.1 Certain design and processing procedures may cause these products to become susceptible to st
8、ress-corrosion cracking after heat treatment; ARP1110 recommends practices to minimize such conditions. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to
9、 a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 2 of 10 2.1 SAE Publications Avai
10、lable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2251 Tolerances Low-Alloy Steel Bars AMS2253 Tolerances Carbon and Alloy Steel Tubing AMS2259 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Wr
11、ought Low-Alloy and Carbon Steels AMS2300 Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure AMS2310 Qualification Sampling and Testing of Steels for Transverse Tensile Properties AMS2370 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Wrought Produc
12、ts and Forging Stock AMS2372 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings AMS2806 Identification Bars, Wire, Mechanical Tubing, and Extrusions Carbon and Alloy Steels and Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys AMS2808 Identification Forgings AMS-H-6875 Heat Trea
13、tment of Steel Raw Materials ARP1110 Minimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking in Wrought Forms of Steels and Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications AS1182 Standard Stock Removal Allowance Aircraft-Quality and Premium Aircraft-Quality
14、Steel Bars and Mechanical Tubing 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM A255 Determining Hardenability of Steel ASTM A370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A604 Mac
15、roetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets ASTM E45 Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel ASTM E112 Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals ASTM E350 Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel,
16、Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron ASTM E384 Microindentation Hardness of Materials SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 3 of 10 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with ASTM E350, by spectrochem
17、ical methods, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element Min. Max. Carbon 0.38 0.43 Manganese 0.65 0.90 Silicon 0.15 0.35 Phosphorus - 0.010 Sulfur - 0.010 Chromium 0.70 0.90 Nickel 1.65 2.00 Molybdenum 0.20 0.30 Copper - 0.35 3.1.1 Check Analysis Compositi
18、on variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2259. 3.2 Melting Practice Steel shall be multiple melted using vacuum consumable electrode process in the remelt cycle. 3.3 Condition The product shall be supplied in the following condition; hardness and tensile strength shall be determine
19、d in accordance with ASTM A370: 3.3.1 Bars Bar shall not be cut from plate (also see 4.4.2). 3.3.1.1 Bars 0.500 Inch (12.70 mm) and Under in Nominal Diameter or Least Distance between Parallel Sides Cold finished having tensile strength not higher than 125 ksi (862 MPa), or equivalent hardness (see
20、8.2). 3.3.1.2 Bars Over 0.500 Inch (12.70 mm) in Nominal Diameter or Least Distance between Parallel Sides Hot finished and annealed, unless otherwise ordered, having hardness not higher than 235 HBW, or equivalent (see 8.3). Bars ordered cold finished may have hardness as high as 255 HBW, or equiva
21、lent (see 8.3). 3.3.2 Forgings Normalized and tempered in accordance with AMS-H-6875 to a hardness not higher than 269 HBW, or equivalent (see 8.3). 3.3.3 Mechanical Tubing Cold finished, unless otherwise ordered, having hardness not higher than 25 HRC, or equivalent (see 8.3). Tubing ordered hot fi
22、nished and annealed shall have hardness not higher than 99 HRB, or equivalent (see 8.3). SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 4 of 10 3.3.4 Forging Stock As ordered by the forging manufacturer. 3.4 Properties The product shall conform to the following requirements; hardness and tensile testing shall be p
23、erformed in accordance with ASTM A370: 3.4.1 Macrostructure Visual examination of transverse full cross-sections from bars, billets, tube rounds (solid, not hollow), or forging stock, etched in accordance with ASTM A604 in hot hydrochloric acid, shall show no pipe or cracks. Porosity, segregation, i
24、nclusions, and other imperfections shall be no worse than macrographs of ASTM A604 shown in Table 2. Table 2 - Macrostructure limits Class Condition Severity 1 Freckles A 2 White Spots A 3 Radial Segregation B 4 Ring Pattern B 3.4.1.1 If tubes are produced directly from ingots or large blooms, trans
25、verse sections may be taken from the tubes rather than tube rounds. Macroetch standards for such tubes shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.4.2 Micro-Inclusion Rating of Each Heat No specimen shall exceed the limits shown in Table 3, determined in accordance with ASTM E45, Method D,
26、except that the length of any inclusion shall not be greater than 0.015 inch (0.38 mm). Table 3 - Micro-inclusion rating limits A Thin A Heavy B Thin B Heavy C Thin C Heavy D Thin D Heavy Worst Field Severity 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 Worst Field Frequency maximum a 1 a 1 a 1 3 1 Total Rateabl
27、e Fields, Frequency, maximum b 1 b 1 b 1 8 1 a - Combined A+B+C, not more than three fields. b - Combined A+B+C, not more than eight fields. 3.4.2.1 A rateable field is defined as one which has a type A, B, C, or D inclusion rating of at least No. 1.0 thin or heavy in accordance with ASTM E45. 3.4.3
28、 Average Grain Size of Bars, Forgings and Tubing Shall be ASTM No. 5 or finer, determined in accordance with ASTM E112. 3.4.4 Hardenability of Each Heat Shall be J 12/16 inch (J19 mm) = 53 HRC, minimum, and J 20/16 inch (J32 mm) = 50 HRC, minimum, determined on the standard end-quench test specimen
29、in accordance with ASTM A255, except that the steel shall be normalized at 1600 F 10 F (871 C 6 C) and the specimen austenitized at 1550 F 10 F (843 C 6 C). SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 5 of 10 3.4.5 Decarburization 3.4.5.1 Bars and tubing ordered ground, turned, or polished shall be free from de
30、carburization on the ground, turned, or polished surfaces. Decarburization on tubing ID shall not exceed the maximum depth specified in Table 5. 3.4.5.2 Allowable decarburization of bars, billets, and tube rounds ordered for redrawing or forging or to specified microstructural requirements shall be
31、as agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.4.5.3 Decarburization of bars, for which 3.4.5.1 or 3.4.5.2 are not applicable, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 4. Table 4A - Maximum total depth of decarburization, inch/pound units Nominal Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Sides Inches Tot
32、al Depth of Decarburization Inch Up to 0.375, incl 0.010 Over 0.375 to 0.500, incl 0.012 Over 0.500 to 0.625, incl 0.014 Over 0.625 to 1.000, incl 0.017 Over 1.000 to 1.500, incl 0.020 Over 1.500 to 2.000, incl 0.025 Over 2.000 to 2.500, incl 0.030 Over 2.500 to 3.000, incl 0.035 Over 3.000 to 4.000
33、, incl 0.045 Table 4B - Maximum total depth of decarburization, SI units Nominal Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Sides Millimeters Total Depth of Decarburization Millimeters Up to 9.52, incl 0.25 Over 9.52 to 12.70, incl 0.30 Over 12.70 to 15.88, incl 0.36 Over 15.88 to 25.40, incl 0.43 Over 2
34、5.40 to 38.10, incl 0.51 Over 38.10 to 50.80, incl 0.64 Over 50.80 to 63.50, incl 0.76 Over 63.50 to 76.20, incl 0.89 Over 76.20 to 101.60, incl 1.14 3.4.5.4 Decarburization of bars, for which 3.4.5.1 or 3.4.5.2 are not applicable, shall not exceed the values shown in Table 5. Table 5A - Maximum tot
35、al depth of decarburization, inch/pound units Nominal Wall Thickness Inches Total Depth ID Inch Total Depth OD Inch Up to 0.109, incl 0.008 0.015 Over 0.109 to 0.203, incl 0.010 0.020 Over 0.203 to 0.400, incl 0.012 0.025 Over 0.400 to 0.600, incl 0.015 0.030 Over 0.600 to 1.000, incl 0.017 0.035 Ov
36、er 1.000 0.020 0.040 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 6 of 10 Table 5B - Maximum total depth of decarburization, SI units Nominal Wall Thickness Millimeters Total Depth ID Millimeter Total Depth OD Millimeter Up to 2.77, incl 0.20 0.38 Over 2.77 to 5.16, incl 0.25 0.51 Over 5.16 to 10.16, incl 0.30 0
37、.64 Over 10.16 to 15.24, incl 0.38 0.76 Over 15.24 to 25.40, incl 0.43 0.89 Over 25.40 0.51 1.02 3.4.5.5 Decarburization shall be evaluated by one of the two methods of 3.4.5.5.1 or 3.4.5.5.2. 3.4.5.5.1 Metallographic Method A cross section taken perpendicular to the surface shall be prepared, etche
38、d, and visually examined metallographically at a magnification not to exceed 100X. Optical indications of decarburiztion shall not show a layer of complete (ferrite) or partial decarburization exceeding the limits of Tables 4 or 5. 3.4.5.5.2 Hardness Traverse Method The total depth of decarburizatio
39、n shall be determined by a traverse method using microindentation hardness testing in accordance with ASTM E384, at a magnification not exceeding 100X, conducted on a hardened, but untempered specimen, protected during heat treatment to prevent changes in surface carbon content. Depth of decarburiza
40、tion is defined as the perpendicular distance from the surface to the depth under that surface where there is not further increase in hardness. Such measurements shall be far enough away from any adjacent surface to be uninfluenced by any decarburization on the adjacent surface. Acceptance shall be
41、as listed in Tables 4 or 5. 3.4.5.5.3 When determining the depth of decarburization, it is permissible to disregard local areas provided the decarburization of such areas does not exceed the above limits by more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) and the width is 0.065 inch (1.65 mm) or less. 3.4.5.5.4 In ca
42、se of dispute, the total depth of decarburization determined using the microindentation hardness traverse method shall govern. 3.4.6 Response to Heat Treatment of each Heat Specimens shall meet the following requirements after being normalized by heating to 1650 F 25 F (899 C 14 C), holding at heat
43、for 60 minutes 5 minutes, and cooling in air, hardened by heating to 1500 F 25 F (816 C 14 C), holding at heat for 60 minutes 5 minutes, and quenching in oil, and double tempered by heating to 475 F 15 F (246 C 8 C), holding at heat for 2 hours 0.2 hour, cooling in air to room temperature, reheating
44、 to 475 F 15 F (246 C 8 C), holding at heat for 2 hours 0.2 hour, and cooling in air. 3.4.6.1 Longitudinal Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 6; testing in the longitudinal direction need not be performed on product tested in the transverse direction. Table 6 - Minimum longitudinal tensil
45、e properties Property Value Tensile Strength 260 ksi (1793 MPa) Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 217 ksi (1496 MPa) Elongation in 4D 10% Reduction of Area 30% SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6414M Page 7 of 10 3.4.6.2 Transverse Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 7, determined on specimens selected and
46、 prepared in accordance with AMS2310; transverse tensile property requirements of Table 7 apply only to product from which tensile specimens not less than 2.50 inches (63.5 mm) in length can be taken. Table 7A - Minimum transverse tensile properties, inch/pound units Nominal Cross-Sectional Area Squ
47、are Inches Tensile Strength ksi Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi Reduction of Area %, Average Reduction of Area %, Individual Elongation in 4D % Up to 100, incl 260 217 30 25 6 Over 100 to 144, incl 260 217 25 20 5 Over 144 260 217 20 15 4 Table 7B - Minimum transverse tensile properties, SI units
48、Nominal Cross-Sectional Area Square Centimeters Tensile Strength MPa Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset MPa Reduction of Area %, Average Reduction of Area %, Individual Elongation in 4D % Up to 645, incl 1793 1496 30 25 6 Over 645 to 929, incl 1793 1496 25 20 5 Over 929 1793 1496 20 15 4 3.5 Quality The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the produ
