1、 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems for Light Duty Highway Vehicles SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its
2、applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments
3、 and suggestions. Copyright 2004 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
4、 TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 2004-12 J2657 ISSUED DEC2004 Foreword The field of application of this document is as listed below: a. Light truck a
5、nd passenger car tires b. Tubeless conventional and run-flat tires Normal tire maintenance procedures must be followed regardless of whether a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is used or not. Tire pressure adjustments must be performed even in the absence of any TPMS indication in order to hav
6、e the optimum tire performance. A TPMS acts only as an aid to the driver detecting pressure changes during operation. All trademarks used are owned by their respective owners. 1. Scope To establish overall performance guidelines, test methods, and minimum performance levels for a TPMS. The system sh
7、all visually indicate the tire inflation pressure status. These guidelines include, but are not limited to: a. A test methodology for a device which monitors tire inflation, that is located in/on the tire/wheel environment. b. Recommended performance guidelines for a TPMS. 1.1 Rationale Not Applicab
8、le. SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 2 - 2. References 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this recommended practice to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE, 400 C
9、ommonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, www.sae.org SAE J551/1Performance Levels and Methods of Measurements of Electromagnetic Radiation from Vehicles and Devices (60 Hz to 18 GHz) SAE J1211Recommended Environmental Practices for Electronic Equipment Design SAE J1113/1Electromagnetic Compatib
10、ility Measurement Procedures and limits for Components of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (Except Aircraft) (50 Hz to 18 GHz) SAE J1113/2Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Vehicle Components (Except Aircraft)Conducted Immunity, 30 Hz to 250 kHzAll Leads SA
11、E J1113/3Conducted Immunity, 250 kHz to 5000 MHz, Direct Injection of Radio Frequency (RF) Power SAE J1113/4Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic FieldsBulk Current Injection (BCI) Method SAE J1113/11Immunity to Conducted Transients on Power Leads SAE J1113/12Electrical Interference by Conduction and
12、 CouplingCoupling Clamp and Chattering Relay SAE J1113/13Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsPart 13Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge SAE J1113/21Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsPart 21Immunity to Electromagnetic Field
13、s, 10 kHz to 18 GHz, Absorber-Lined Chamber SAE J1113/22Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsPart 22Immunity to Radiated Magnetic Fields from Power Lines SAE J1113/24Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields; 10 kHz to 200 MHzCrawford TEM Cell and 10 kHz to 5 G
14、HzWideband TEM Cell SAE J1113/25Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsImmunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields, 10 kHz to 1000 MHz-Tri-Plate Line Method SAE J1113/26Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsImmunity to AC Power L
15、ine Electric Fields SAE J1113/27Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsPart 27Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields SAE J1113/42Electromagnetic CompatibilityComponent Test ProcedurePart 42Conducted Transient Emissions SAE J2402Road Vehicles-Symbols for Contr
16、ols, Indicators, and Tell-Tales 2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS Available from American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959, www.astm.org ASTM B 117Salt Spray (Fog) Testing SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 3 - 2.2 Related Publications The following publicati
17、ons are provided for informational purposes only and are not required as part of this document. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of the publications shall apply. 2.2.1 TIRE AND RIM YEAR BOOK Available from The TIRE and RIM ASSOCIATION, INC., 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, O
18、H 44321, www.us-tra.org 2.2.2 ETRTO STANDARDS MANUAL Available from European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization, Secretariat, Avenue Brugmann, 32/2, B.1060 Bruxelles, www.agency.be/etrto 2.2.3 JATMA YEAR BOOK Available from the Japanese Automobile Tire Manufactures Association, Inc., No. 33 Mori Bl
19、dg. 8th Floor, 3-8-21 Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-0001, www.jatma.or.jp 2.2.4 ISO PUBLICATIONS Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036-8002, www.iso.org ISO 7000Graphical symbols for use on equipmentIndex and synopsis ISO 2575Road VehiclesSymbols for contro
20、ls, indicators and tell-tales 2.2.5 FEDERAL PUBLICATIONS Available from Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20554, www.fcc.gov FCC Part 15 Available from the Federal Register, National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW, Washington, DC
21、 20590, www.nhtsa.dot.gov Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations FMVSS 138Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems FMVSS 101 S5.2.3Controls and Displays FMVSS 110Tire Selection and Rims 3. Definitions 3.1 Conventional tire All pneumatic tires not defined as run-flat. SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 4 - 3.2 Cold in
22、flation pressure Tire inflation pressure at the prevailing atmospheric temperature that does not include any tire inflation pressure build-up due to vehicle operation. 3.3 Functionality Operation within the parameters as defined by the specification of the device under test. 3.4 Gross vehicle weight
23、 rating The value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the maximum loaded weight of a single vehicle. 3.5 Lightly loaded Unloaded vehicle weight plus 180kg, including test driver and instrumentation. 3.6 Run-flat tire A tire, which is capable of running a certain, limited distance under prescrib
24、ed conditions in the event of a complete loss of inflation pressure. A run-flat tire is similar to a conventional tire in that it is inflated to the cold inflation pressure. 3.7 Test inflation pressure The tire pressure at which the system is to be activated to indicate a low tire pressure condition
25、 on a vehicle. 3.8 Tire placard A placard, permanently affixed to the vehicle as required by FMVSS110. The placard displays, among other information, the vehicle manufacturers recommended cold tire inflation pressure. 3.9 Tire Pressure Monitoring System A system that measures the tire inflation pres
26、sure or a parameter(s) that adequately correlates to tire inflation pressure. 3.10 Symbols and Abbreviations DUTDevice Under Test EMCElectromagnetic Compatibility IRIInternational Roughness Index p-pPeakto-peak RFRadio Frequency TPMSTire Pressure Monitoring System SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 5 - 4. T
27、echnical Requirements Section 4.1 applies to electronic device(s) that are mounted in/on the tire/wheel environment. This section describes characteristics of the expected environment that impact the performance and reliability of such devices. For those components of the TPMS that are mounted other
28、 than in/on the tire/wheel environment, SAE J1211 Recommended Practices for Electrical Equipment Design shall apply. Section 4.1 of this document addresses those requirements that are not defined in SAE J1211. Devices that sense tire inflation pressure by other means (e.g. inductive sensors, etc.) m
29、ay fall under the appropriate SAE J documents. Section 4.2 shall apply to the complete TPMS. 4.1 Test Methods and Environmental Conditions As electronics have been in vehicles for many years, the details of the effects of the environmental conditions are widely known. However, if more information is
30、 desired on the effects of the environment on electronic devices, refer to SAE J1211. a. Test SequenceThis section does not define a test sequence; it is left to the designer. It is the intent that electronic device(s) that are mounted in/on the tire/wheel environment shall be capable of successfull
31、y completing all the tests defined within this section. The functionality of the device under test (DUT) shall be verified before and after testing . Additionally, each DUT shall be visually inspected for damage after testing. b. General ConditionsUnless otherwise specified, the DUT shall be at ambi
32、ent atmospheric pressure and relative humidity for each test. 4.1.1 OPERATIONAL TEMPERATURE The DUT located in the tire/wheel environment is exposed to a wide range of temperatures. The operational temperature range listed should not be construed as totally inclusive of all operating temperatures th
33、at the DUT could experience. Measurements should be taken in the application to understand the full thermal environment of the DUT and the effects those extreme temperatures could have on the device. It is recommended that environmental tests be developed using the operational temperature of 40C to
34、+85C as a guideline for the minimum and maximum values. 4.1.2 THERMAL CYCLE Exposure to a number of temperature cycles can aid in predicting the effect of stresses expected in the device over its design life. These stresses can affect the device both electrically and mechanically. The recommended th
35、ermal cycle profile is shown in Figure 1. The DUT shall be placed in a thermal chamber that is cycled over the temperature range as determined in 4.1.1. Repeat the profile for 100 cycles. The complete thermal cycle test is 1,200 hours in length. The DUT shall be tested at Tmaxand Tminfor functionali
36、ty after the completion of 1200 hours. SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 6 - FIGURE 1THERMAL CYCLE PROFILE 4.1.3 THERMAL SHOCK In the tire/wheel environment, thermal shock can be experienced when a vehicle has run for a period of time and then is exposed to cold water or ice, or when going from a garage to
37、 outside in extremely cold climates. The DUT shall withstand the 100 thermal shock cycles in air according to the profile in Figure 2. The temperature extremes should be those determined in section 4.1.1. The time between transitions is 30 minutes and the transition time between each temperature sha
38、ll be less than 2 minutes. FIGURE 2THERMAL SHOCK PROFILE 4.1.4 EXTREME TEMPERATURE There could be isolated conditions in which the temperature within the tire/wheel environment can spike higher than the operational temperatures of section 4.1.1. Extreme temperature is one of the main factors in prem
39、ature failure in one or more components, e.g. loss of battery life. It is recommended that this test be performed prior to thermal cycle and thermal shock tests. SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 7 - Place the DUT in the thermal chamber at 125C and soak for one hour. Remove the DUT from the chamber and let
40、 soak at ambient for one hour. Repeat the above procedure for 40C for the same DUT. 4.1.5 HUMIDITY Though the DUT is not exposed to the ambient humidity as with other vehicle-mounted components, it does have its own humidity environment. Humidity can form within the sealed tire/wheel assembly due to
41、 water ingress prior to assembly or through water vapor from air compressing. The DUT shall be exposed to 96 hours of 95% (+/-5%) humidity at 65C. Humidity should be non-condensing. Operating condition of the DUT during humidity testing shall be representative of the functionality of the device duri
42、ng vehicle motion. 4.1.6 FROST During normal vehicle operation, a combination of high humidity and low temperature will result in the formation of frost. This recommended procedure verifies the operation of the DUT in a frost environment. Operating condition of the DUT during testing shall be repres
43、entative of the functionality of the device while the vehicle is stationary. Soak the DUT at 40C for 8 hours. Transfer within one minute to the humidity chamber at 10C and a minimum of 90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 minutes. Remove DUT from chamber. 4.1.7 PROOF PRESSURE Though the application for
44、 most TPMS is as specified on the tire placard, there are instances when the device can be exposed to pressure levels above those listed. One such application is tire mounting and inflation during the vehicle assembly process. The device must be able to survive this process. A recommended test metho
45、d is to mount the DUT in a pressure vessel. Pressurize the vessel to the greater of 800 kPa or 150% of the DUTs maximum operating pressure. Maintain the applied pressure for 30 minutes, then release to ambient atmosphere. 4.1.8 RAPID DEFLATION Within some TPMS devices, there is a pressure sensor tha
46、t measures the pressure within the tire/wheel assembly. There could be effects on the sensor when there is rapid deflation of the tire/wheel assembly. The DUT shall be exposed to a pressure of 620 kPa for a minimum of 16 hours. Taking proper precautions, subject DUT to depressurization to atmospheri
47、c within 1 second. 4.1.9 ALTITUDE During normal air shipments, it is possible that the device can be exposed to extreme cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressure. SAE J2657 Issued DEC2004 - 8 - The recommended altitude test method is performed with the DUT in the shipping mode. Place the DUT in
48、 a partial vacuum of less than 20 kPa (absolute) at 50C for 12 hours. Remove and let soak for one hour at ambient conditions. 4.1.10 CONTAMINATION The DUT may be exposed to a variety of media (e.g. tire lube, compressor oil, soap, and water). All possible contaminates are not listed in this section
49、since contaminant exposure is dependent upon the application. The determination of any applicable media is left to the designer. Water shall always be included. The recommended test method is to completely immerse the DUT in each media selected. A different set of DUTs shall be used for each media. Completely submerge the DUT in the media in each of six orientations for five minutes. Remove the DUT and let set for 24 hours. Repeat for each media selected. 4.1.11 SALT FOG - CORROSION Any device mounted in th
