1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23128-6 SANS 1187:2009Edition 2.2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Tanks and ancillary equipment for milk tankers Published by SABS Standard
4、s Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to delete referenc
5、e to the standardization mark scheme, to update the definition of “acceptable”, to delete a requirement forthe quality of finishes and the corresponding footnote (4.17.1), and to update referenced standards. Amdt 2 2009 Amended to update the requirements for stainless steel, and to update referenced
6、 standards. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 122, Packaging, in accordance with procedures of SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in October 2009. This document supersedes SANS 1187:2
7、008 (edition 2.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 2. SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Material requirements 4 4 Constructional requirements 5 5 Marking 11 6 Inspection and methods of t
8、est 12 6.1 Inspection . 12 6.2 Hydrostatic pressure test 12 6.3 Insulation test . 12 6.4 Pointload test of catwalk and spill tray . 12 Appendix A Applicable standards and publications 13 Appendix B Notes to purchasers . 15 SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1187:
9、2009 Edition 2.2 3 Tanks and ancillary equipment for milk tankers 1 Scope 1.1 This specification covers the requirements for tanks and ancillary equipment for tankers used for the bulk transportation of milk. 1.2 This specification does not cover the vehicle to which the tank is fitted. NOTE a) Beca
10、use it is impracticable to test samples taken from each consignment of tanks for compliance with some of the requirements of this specification, no specific sampling procedure has been included, but each tank must be subjected to the hydrostatic pressure test in accordance with 6.2 and inspected in
11、accordance with 6.1. The insulation test (see 6.3) need only be carried out on a prototype, i.e. one tank of each model. Assessment of compliance of a specific tank or consignment of tanks with all the relevant requirements requires special agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Amdt
12、1 This agreement would have to provide for 1) submitting to the purchaser proof of compliance with the specification of the prototype, i.e. a tank of the same model designation, and 2) granting the purchaser access to records of raw materials used and access to the factory to ensure that the tank(s)
13、 and ancillary equipment of this tank/consignment of tanks have been made in the same manner as the prototype from materials at least equal in quality to those used in the manufacture of the prototype. b) The standards and publications referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A. c) Re
14、quirements that must be specified by the purchaser and one that must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser are listed in appendix B. 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purposes of this standard the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering thi
15、s standard, or the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 1 collection tank a tank on a vehicle used to collect and transport milk from farms to factories or transit depots extra-coarse satin finish a finish obtained by so grinding the surface of stainless steel with abrasive (wi
16、thout subsequent polishing) as to leave a silky appearance SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 4 milk hose a flexible rubber hose used for withdrawing milk from a farm bulk tank, or used for unloading the contents of the tank standard mill 2B finish a finish obtained on stainless steel by a) hot rolling, ann
17、ealing and pickling, b) cold rolling, annealing and pickling, and c) spin passing tank unless otherwise indicated in the text, the entire milk container (whether compartmented or not) as mounted on a vehicle transit tank a tank on a vehicle used for the conveyance of milk (already mixed at the trans
18、it depots) between transit depots and dairies 3 Material requirements 3.1 Stainless steel 3.1.1 Inner vessels If of stainless steel, the stainless steel shall comply with the requirements of SAE J405 for one of the following SAE numbers (or their equivalent1): 30304, 30304L, 30316, 30316L or 30321,
19、and the finish of the inner surface shall be as specified in 4.17.1. Amdt 2 NOTE The attention of purchasers is drawn to the advisability of using one of the low carbon or stabilized grades to avoid carbide precipitation during welding. 3.1.2 Pipes and pipe fittings, pump bodies and, when relevant (
20、see 3.3.2), pump impellers The stainless steel shall be of one of the grades recommended in BS 4825-5 (or an acceptable equivalent) and the finish of the inner surface shall be as specified in 4.17.1. Amdt 1 3.1.3 Ladders2), spill trays, catwalks and drainage pipes If of stainless steel, the stainle
21、ss steel shall be of an acceptable quality and grade. 1) For equivalent grades of stainless steel, see table 10 of SABS 0202. Amdt 2 2)For recommended dimensions, see SANS 1304. SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 5 3.2 Aluminium alloy 3.2.1 Inner vessels If of aluminium alloy, the alloy shall be of one of t
22、he grade designations 1050A, 1200 or 5251 of EN 485-2, and the finish of the inner surface shall be as specified in 4.17.1.NOTE Attention is drawn to the problems involved in the cleaning of aluminium vessels. Only suitable detergent-disinfectant (i.e. not strong caustic) solutions may be used. Amdt
23、 1 3.2.2 Ladders2), spill trays, catwalks and drainage pipes If of aluminium alloy, the alloy shall be of an acceptable quality and grade. 3.3 Rubber 3.3.1 Gaskets, joint rings and other components Gaskets, joint rings and other components designed to come into contact with milk shall comply, in the
24、 case of joint rings, with all the relevant requirements of SANS 974-2, and in the case of gaskets and other components, with the requirements for material and the relevant requirements for hardness, tensile properties, compression set, and resistance to butter oil and to steam as given in SANS 974-
25、2. 3.3.2 Hose Rubber hose shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 988 for heavy-duty hose and, in addition, the lining of the hose shall comply with the requirements for material and the relevant requirements for resistance to butter oil and to steam as given in SANS 974-2. When so agree
26、d upon, the impeller may be of a rubber that complies with the requirements for the lining of rubber hoses. 3.4 Other materials Other materials may be used for components not intended to come into contact with milk provided that such materials are acceptable, of adequate strength and suitable for th
27、e purpose. 4 Constructional requirements 4.1 General a) A tank and its ancillary equipment shall be designed and constructed in accordance with a recognized code of practice3), to withstand the relative design pressure(s) given in table 1 and to embody the requirements of the local health authority
28、(authorities) concerned with the handling and storage of milk and the relevant statutory requirements (e.g. statutory road traffic and health regulations). b) A tank may be of circular, elliptical or any other suitable cross-section, but shall be self-draining and of the specified capacity (see 4.2)
29、. c) A tank shall have sufficient rigidity to ensure that it remains fixed in position and does not distort or sag during normal operation, cleaning or maintenance. It shall be capable of withstanding the hydrostatic pressure test given in 6.2 without bursting, leaking or loss of pressure. 2) For re
30、commended dimensions, see SANS 1304. Amdt 1 3) SANS 50286-1 and SANS 50286-2 are recommended. Amdt 1 SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 6 Table 1 Design and working pressures 1 2 3 Tank type Working pressure Design pressure Atmospheric 0 +10 kPa and 10 kPa Vacuum filling and pressure discharge +35 kPa and 3
31、5 kPa +50 kPa and 50 kPa 4.2 Collection tanks If a collection tank of capacity exceeding 8 000 L is required, it shall contain two or more compartments, as applicable, each compartment not exceeding 8 000 L in capacity. The compartments shall be separated by means of bulkheads and each compartment s
32、hall be provided with a manhole. 4.3 Transit tanks Unless a tank having a single compartment has been specified, the construction of a transit tank of capacity exceeding 8 000 L shall be as specified in 4.2. 4.4 Inner vessels 4.4.1 General a) An inner vessel shall be fully welded and constructed fro
33、m material of thickness not less than 1) the relevant values calculated in accordance with the code used for its design (see 4.1), and 2) 2,5 mm in the case of stainless steel and 3,0 mm in the case of an aluminium alloy, and in no case shall the thickness of a tank head be less than the thickness o
34、f the shell. b) All inside concave corners shall have a radius of at least 15 mm, and all inside convex corners a radius of at least 6 mm. c) When the inner vessel is produced from two or more courses, the longitudinal seams in adjacent courses shall be staggered by at least 300 mm to ensure that a
35、longitudinal seam is not positioned along the centre-line of the bottom or top of the tank. 4.4.2 Outlet pipes The outlet pipe of each compartment and of each tank shall be fitted at the lowest point of the compartment or tank, as relevant. 4.5 Manholes and manhole covers 4.5.1 Manholes a) Each comp
36、artment of a collection tank or a transit tank that has more than one compartment shall have a manhole positioned on the longitudinal centre-line of the top of the inner vessel and that may be “offset“ in the direction of the high point of the incline from the mid-point of the compartment served by
37、the manhole. SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 7 b) The centre of the manhole shall be at least 600 mm from the front bulkhead of each compartment. c) A manhole shall have a diameter of at least 430 mm and its joint face shall be not less than 70 mm and not more than 150 mm above the outer sheath or vessel
38、. 4.5.2 Manhole covers a) General. A manhole cover shall be provided with one or more stainless steel securing nuts, and a self-retaining sealing ring (that is capable of being easily cleaned) may be retained in the manhole cover or in the manhole neck. b) Heat shields. Unless the cover is of the do
39、uble-skin insulated type containing insulating material of suitable thickness that will prevent an unacceptable temperature rise in the tank, each manhole shall have an acceptable heat shield that does not prevent the effective functioning of air vents (see 4.8) and that is easily removable for open
40、ing the manhole. 4.6 Mounting of the inner vessel To avoid excessive stresses being introduced into the shell under normal operating conditions, loads from supports shall be borne by bands of a material similar to that of the inner vessel. The bands shall be of suitable width and of thickness not le
41、ss than the thickness of the shell, and shall be welded round the outer circumference of the vessel. The vessel shall be so mounted that, in the unloaded condition, there is a fall of at least 75 mm to the outlet. 4.7 Insulation 4.7.1 Inner vessel and manhole(s) The inner vessel manhole(s) and outle
42、t pipe(s) shall be covered with polyurethane or, where so specified, other suitable non-hygroscopic thermal insulation material that is not liable to displacement under normal operating conditions. The method of covering the inner vessel shall not cause distortion of the vessel or cause unfilled spa
43、ces to be left. 4.7.2 Joints Joints between courses of the outer sheaths shall preferably be welded or rendered weathertight by so lapping the joints that there is at least 50 mm coverage of one course over the other. The laps between sheaths and end coverings shall be filled with a sealant and wher
44、ever practicable, so orientated that when the vehicle travels in rain, there will be no ingress of water. 4.7.3 Thermal properties The thermal properties of the insulation shall be such that, when a tank is tested in accordance with 6.3, the temperature of the water in the inner vessel of the tank d
45、oes not increase by more than 2 C. 4.8 Air vents a) Each tank shall be fitted with one or more air vents. The vents shall be so designed that their parts can be easily removed for the purpose of cleaning and disinfecting and, on replacement, can only be fitted in the correct operating position. b) T
46、hey shall be mounted in the manhole cover or in the manhole neck at such an angle as to allow for drainage during cleaning. An atmospheric type tank shall be fitted with vents which will open under a pressure of not more than 5 kPa above atmospheric pressure or under a vacuum of not more than 5 kPa
47、below atmospheric pressure. SANS 1187:2009 Edition 2.2 8 c) The air vents shall have a flow that will ensure that, during either filling or emptying, the inner vessel cannot be subjected to a pressure of more than 35 kPa above atmospheric pressure or a pressure of more than 8 kPa below atmospheric p
48、ressure. d) Each air vent shall have a flow rate of at least 15 L/s at a pressure differential of 2,5 kPa. 4.9 Access to manholes and spill trays 4.9.1 General The ladders, spill trays, catwalks and drainage pipes shall be of stainless steel or of aluminium alloy (see 3.1.3 and 3.2.2). The catwalk a
49、nd spill tray shall be so designed and constructed that, when they are subjected to the tests given in 6.4, no damage or permanent deformation occurs. 4.9.2 Ladders and catwalks A ladder and a catwalk shall be provided to give safe access from the ground to the manhole(s). The ladder, of inside width at least 300 mm, shall be mounted near the centre of the tank, with the lowest rung at a height of not more than 400 mm above ground level. The catwalk shall have a non-slip walking surface of width at least 300 mm and of length equal to that of the tank, and it shall be fitted w
