七年级生物下册4.12.3激素调节知识梳理(新版)北师大版.doc

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1激素调节 一、知识结构1、激素:在人体内,由内分泌腺所分泌的具有重要调节作用的物质。它们在血液中量虽少但作用非常显著,特别是对于新陈代谢、生长发育和生殖的调节是不可缺少的激素名称产生部位主要功能 异常症生长激素 垂体 促进生长幼年:不足侏儒症;过多巨人症成年:过多肢端肥大症性激素 性腺促进生殖器官的生长发育,激发并维持第二性征甲状腺激素甲状腺促进新陈代谢,促进生长发育,提高神经系统兴奋性幼年:不足呆小症(智力低下)成年:不足甲状腺功能低下过多甲状腺功能亢进(简称“甲亢”)缺碘导致合成过少:地方性甲状腺肿大(大脖子病)胰岛素 胰岛 降低血糖浓度 分泌过少糖尿病2、侏儒症与呆小症异同:相同点:患者都是从幼年患病且身材都矮小不同点:“侏儒症”是由于患者在幼年时生长激素分泌不足引起生长缓慢,患者身材矮小但智力一般正常。“呆小症”是由于甲状腺功能不足,甲状腺激素分泌过少,造成生长发育迟缓,患者不仅身材矮,生殖器官不发育且智力低下。3、外分泌腺与内分泌腺的区别腺体类别 导管 分泌物去向 举例24、孕妇在怀孕时缺碘,生出来的婴儿会患呆小症。5、预防地方性甲状腺肿大的措施:1)食盐加碘 2)常吃含碘丰富的海带等海产品外分泌腺 有导管 进入体内管腔或排出体外 唾液腺、肝脏、肠腺、胃腺、皮脂腺等内分泌腺 无导管 进入腺体内的毛细血管 垂体、甲状腺、肾上腺、胰岛、性腺等

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