2018年中考数学试题分类汇编知识点12一元二次方程.doc

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1、1一元二次方程一、选择题1. (2018 四川泸州,9 题,3 分)已知关于 x的一元一次方程 210xk有两个不相等的实数根,则实数 k的取值范围是( )A. 2 B. 0k C.k D. 【答案】C【解析】由题可知,0,即 (-2) 2-4(k-1)0,解得 k2【知识点】一元二次方程跟的判别式,解不等式2. (2018 安徽省,7,4 分)若关于 x的一元二次方程 x(x+1)+ax=0有两个相等的实数根,则实数 a的值为( )A. 1 B.1 C. 2或 D. 3或 1【答案】A【解析】将原方程变形为一般式,根据根的判别式=0 即可得出关于 a的一元二次方程,解之即可得出结论解:原方程

2、可变形为 x2+(a+1)x=0该方程有两个相等的实数根,2=(a+1) 2410=0,解得:a=1故选:A【知识点】利用根的判别式确定二次方程解的情况3. (2018 甘肃白银,7,3) 关于 x的一元二次方程 240xk有两个实数根,则 k的取值范围是( )A. 4k B. 40 时,方程有两个不相等的实数根.选项 A: =b2-4ac=62-419=0;选项 B:先将原方程转化为一般式: x2-x=0,则 =b2-4ac=(-1)2-410=10;选项 C:将原方程转化为一般式: x2-2x+3=0,则 =b2-4ac=(-2) 2-413= -8 0,解得 k-3;(2)取 k=-2,得到一元二次方程,解方程即可。【解题过程】 (1)因为原方程有两个不相等的实数根,所以0,即 4+4(k+2)0,得 k-3;(2)取 k=-2,原方程化为 x2-2x=0,x(x-2)=0,所以 x1=0,x 2=2【知识点】根的判别式,一元二次方程

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