七年级道德与法治上册第三单元在学习中成长3.2好方法,好习惯第1框探索学习好方法爱因斯坦的学习方法文本素材粤教版.doc

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1爱因斯坦的学习方法爱因斯坦(1879-1955 年) ,少年时智力发展迟缓,上小学、中学时,老师认为他是“笨头笨脑的孩子” 。也许是他 12 岁时第一次读到欧氏几何的书,那严密的逻辑给他留下了深刻印象,激发了他数学学习的兴趣。1896 年 17 岁的爱因斯坦进入瑞士联邦理工大学学习理论物理,1902 年在伯尔尼专利局工作。这段时期他的思想十分活跃,经常和伯尔尼大学哲学系的学生索洛文等五人常在一起阅读各种书籍,无拘无束地自由讨论各种问题,他们阅读了休漠、马赫、庞加勒、黎曼、狄更斯等许多人的作品。有时只念了半页,甚至只念了一句就争论起来。他们亲切地称这种聚会为“奥林匹亚科学院” 。这种“疯子式”集会是他的恩维十分活跃。1902 年他就发表了第一篇论文,1905 年仅 26 岁的爱因斯坦竟发表了五篇极为重要的论文,提出了光量子假说和狭义相对论,并通过对布朗运动的研究证明了原子的存在。1916 年又完成了广义相对论,取得了宏伟的成就,被科学界誉为“人类历史上一颗明亮的巨星” 。爱因斯坦的学习方法,大致可概括成:依靠自学,独立思考,穷根究底,大胆想象,强调理解,重视实验,弄通数学,研究哲学等八个方面。

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