2018秋七年级数学上册第二章整式的加减2.2整式的加减第2课时整式的加减(二)(内文)课件(新版)新人教版.ppt

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1、第二章 整式的加减,2.2 整式的加减,第2课时 整式的加减(二),课前预习,1. 去括号法则:如果括号外的因数是正数,去括号后原括号内各项的符号与原来的符号_;如果括号外的因数是负数,去括号后原括号内各项的符号与原来的符号_. 2. 整式加减的运算法则:一般地,几个整式相加减,如果有括号就先_,然后再_. 3. 将a-(b-c)去括号得_.,相同,相反,去括号,合并同类项,a-b+c,课堂讲练,典型例题,新知 去括号与添括号法则 【例1】去括号: (1) a+(b-c+d)=_; (2) a-(b-c+d)=_; (3) a-(-b-c-d)=_; (4) (a+b)-(-a+b)=_; (

2、5) 2(a+b)=_; (6) -3(a-b)=_.,a+b-c+d,a-b+c-d,a+b+c+d,a+b+a-b,2a+2b,3b-3a,课堂讲练,【例2】化简下列各式: (1) 8a+2b+(5a-b);(2)(5a2-3b)-3(a2-2b).,解:(1)原式=8a+2b+5a-b =8a+5a+2b-b =13a+b. (2) 原式=5a2-3b-3a2+6b =5a2-3a2-3b+6b =2a2+3b.,课堂讲练,【例3】已知多项式A=a2-2ab,B=3a2+5ab,化简下列各式:(1)A+B;(2)A-B.,解:(1)原式=a2-2ab+3a2+5ab =a2+3a2-2a

3、b+5ab =4a2+3ab. (2) 原式=(a2-2ab)-(3a2+5ab) =a2-2ab-3a2-5ab =a2-3a2-2ab-5ab =-2a2-7ab.,课堂讲练,举一反三,m-n+p+q,x-y-x-y,-x+y,3a+3b-a+b,-3a-3b+5b,1. 去括号: (1)m-(n-p-q)=_; (2)(x-y)-(x+y)=_; (3)-(x-y)=_; (4)3(a+b)-(a-b)=_; (5)-3(a+b)+5b=_; (6)- (4a-6b)=_.,- 4a- (-6b),2. 化简下列各式: (1)(x+y-z)+(x-y+z)-(x-y-z); (2)3(2

4、x2-y2)-2(3y2-2x2).,课堂讲练,解:(1)原式=x+y-z+x-y+z-x+y+z=x+y+z. (2)原式=6x2-3y2-6y2+4x2=10x2-9y2.,3. 已知多项式A=2x2-3xy,B=-3x2+5xy,化简下列各式:(1)A-B;(2)A-2B.,课堂讲练,解:(1)原式=2x2-3xy-(-3x2+5xy) =2x2-3xy+3x2-5xy =2x2+3x2-3xy-5xy =5x2-8xy. (2)原式=2x2-3xy-2(-3x2+5xy) =2x2-3xy+6x2-10xy =2x2+6x2-3xy-10xy =8x2-13xy.,1. 下列去括号正确

5、的是( ) A. -(a+b-c)=-a+b-c B. -2(a+b-3c)=-2a-2b+6c C. -(-a-b-c)=-a+b+c D. -(a-b-c)=-a+b-c 2. 下列各式化简正确的是( ) A. -(2a-b+c)=-2a-b-c B. -(2a-b+c)=2a-b-c C. -(2a-b+c)=-2a+b-c D. -(2a-b+c)=2a+b-c,分层训练,【A组】,B,C,分层训练,3. 下列去括号错误的是( ) A. a-(b+c)=a-b-c B. a+(b-c)=a+b-c C. 2(a-b)=2a-b D. -(a-2b)=-a+2b 4. 去括号并合并:3(

6、a-b)-2(2a+b)=_. 5. 三角形的周长为48,第一边长为4a+3b,第二边比第一边的2倍少2ab,则第三边长为_.,C,-a-5b,48-10a-10b,分层训练,6. 先去括号,再合并同类项: (1)(a+2b)-(-a+3b); (2) (2x-3y)-3(3x-2y).,解:(1)原式=a+2b+a-3b =a+a+2b-3b =2a-b. (2)原式=2x-3y-9x+6y =2x-9x+6y-3y =-7x+3y.,分层训练,7. 化简: (1)3(x-1)-(x-5); (2)3(2x2-y2)-2(3y2-2x2).,解:(1)原式=3x-3-x+5=2x+2. (2

7、)原式=6x2-3y2-6y2+4x2=(6x2+4x2)+(-3y2-6y2)=10x2-9y2.,分层训练,8. 若(a+1)2+b-2=0, 化简a(x2y+xy2)-b(x2y-xy2)的结果为( ) A. 3x2y B. -3x2y+xy2 C. -3x2y+3xy2 D. 3x2y-xy2,【B组】,B,分层训练,9. 小明在复习课堂笔记时,发现一道题:空格的地方被钢笔弄污了,那么空格中的这一项是( ),D,分层训练,10. 玲玲做一道题:“已知两个多项式A,B,其中A=x2+3x-5,计算A-2B.”她误将“A-2B”写成“2A-B”,结果答案是x2+8x-7,你能帮助她求出A-2B正确答案吗?,解:能. 因为A=x2+3x-5,2A-B=x2+8x-7, 所以B=2A-(x2+8x-7)=2(x2+3x-5)-(x2+8x-7)=2x2+6x-10-x2-8x+7=x2-2x-3. 所以A-2B=(x2+3x-5)-2(x2-2x-3)=x2+3x-5-2x2+4x+6=-x2+7x+1.,

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