七年级数学上册第二章有理数2.6有理数的加法(2)课件(新版)华东师大版.ppt

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1、2.6有理数的加法(2),1、同号两数相加,取相同的符号,并把绝对值相加.,有理数的加法法则:,3、一个数同0相加,仍得这个数.,2、绝对值不相等的异号两数相加,取绝对值较大的加数的符号,并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值.互为相反数的两个数相加得0.,计算: (4)+(5) (6)+(6) 12+0 (+9)+(11) (3.78)+(0.22) (6.1)+(+6.1),=-9,=-12,=-4,=-12,=0,=-2,问题1:在小学中我们学过哪些加法的运算律?,问题2:加法的运算律是不是也可以扩充到有理数范围?,探索:,任意选择两个有理数(至少有一个是负数),分别填入下列和内,并比较两个运

2、算结果: + 和 + ,任意选择三个有理数(至少有一个是负数),分别填入下列、和内,并比较两个运算结果: ( + )+ 和 +( + ).,有理数加法中,两个数相加,交换加数的位置和不变.,加法交换律:a+b=b+a,有理数加法中,三个数相加,先把前两个数相加,或者先把后两个数相加,和不变.,加法结合律:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c),例1,此题你是抓住数的什么特点使计算简化的?,解:(1)原式=26+5+(18)+(16),=(26+5)+(18)+(16),=31+(34),=3,(1)(+26)+(18)+5+(16); (2)(1.75)+1.5+(+7.3)+(2.25)+(8.5)

3、,(2)原式= (1.75) +(2.25) +1.5+(8.5)+(+7.3),=(1.75)+(2.25)+1.5+(8.5)+7.3,=(4)+(7)+7.3,=(4)+(7)+7.3,=(4)+0.3,=3.7,计算(12)+(+11)+(8)+(7)+(+39)+7,解1:原式(1)+(8)+(7)+(+39)+7=(9)+(7)+(+39)+7=(16)+(+39)+7=23+7=30,解2:原式(12)+(8)+(+11)+(+39)+(7)+7=(20)+(50)+0=30,谁简便?,运算律的应用,计算: ,同分母结合相加,常用的三个规律:,1、 一般地,总是先把正数或负数分别结合在一起相加.,2、有相反数的可先把相反数相加,能凑成整数的可先凑成整数.,3、有分母相同的,可先把分母相同的数结合相加.,10筐苹果,以每筐30千克为准,超过的千克数记作正数,不足的千克数记作负数,记录如下:2,4,2.5,3,0.5,1.5,3,1,0,2.5问这10筐苹果总共重多少?,例2,解:2+(4)+2.5+3+(0.5)+1.5+3+(1)+0+(2.5) =(2+3+3)+(4)+2.5+(2.5)+(0.5)+(1)+1.5 =8+(4) =4 答:10筐苹果一共3010+4304千克,谢谢观看!,

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