1、 ISO 2013 Coal and coke Calculation of analyses to different bases Charbon et coke Calculs pour les analyses par rapport diffrentes bases INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1170 Third edition 2013-07-01 Reference number ISO 1170:2013(E) ISO 1170:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOC
2、UMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission c
3、an be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 1170:2013(E) ISO 2013 All
4、 rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normatives references . 1 3 Principle 1 4 Symbols 1 5 Calculations for coal analyses . 2 5.1 Introduction 2 5.2 Procedure 2 5.3 Carbon 2 5.4 Hydrogen 2 5.5 Nitrogen 3 5.6 Sulfur . 3 5.7 Oxygen 3 5.8 Chlorine . 4 5.9 Volatile matter . 4 5.1
5、0 Net calorific value . 4 6 Calculations for coke analyses . 4 7 Table for calculation to different bases 5 Annex A (normative) Mineral matter 6 Bibliography 7 ISO 1170:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I
6、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov
7、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maint
8、enance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention
9、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/
10、or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Met
11、hods of analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1170:2008), of which it constitutes a minor revision.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 1170:2013(E) Coal and coke Calculation of analyses to different bases 1 Scope This International Standard
12、 gives equations that allow analytical data relating to coal and coke to be expressed on the various different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for coal prior to their calculation to other bases. 2 Normatives references The f
13、ollowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 602, Coa
14、l Determination of mineral matter ISO 17247, Coal Ultimate analysis 3 Principle In order to convert an analytical result expressed on one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a factor calculated from the appropriate formulae (see Table 1) after insertion of the requisite numerical values. 4 S
15、ymbols The symbols employed in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with suffixes (separated by a dot) “ad” (air-dried), “ar” (as-received), “d” (dry), “daf” (dry, ash-free) or “dmmf” (dry, mineral-matter-free) where appropriate. w A ash, expressed as percent mass fraction w C carbon content, expr
16、essed as percent mass fraction w Cl chlorine content, expressed as percent mass fraction w Cl.inorg inorganic chlorine content, expressed as percent mass fraction w CO2 carbon dioxide content, expressed as percent mass fraction w H hydrogen content, excluding hydrogen in the moisture, but including
17、the hydrogen from water of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent mass fraction w H2O moisture content, expressed as percent mass fraction w h water of hydration in the mineral matter, expressed as percent mass fraction w MM mineral matter content, expressed as percent mass fraction (see Annex
18、A) w N nitrogen content, expressed as percent mass fraction w O oxygen content, excluding oxygen in the moisture but including the oxygen from water of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent mass fraction w S,o organic sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction ISO 2013 All rights reser
19、ved 1 ISO 1170:2013(E) w S,p pyritic sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction w S,s sulfate sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction w S,T total sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction w V volatile matter content, expressed as percent mass fraction F Cl national correc
20、tion factor for the estimation of the inorganic chlorine content F h national correction factor for the estimation of water of hydration F MM national correction factor for the estimation of the mineral matter (see Annex A) 5 Calculations for coal analyses 5.1 Introduction In International Standards
21、 covering the analysis of coal, it is generally specified that the determination shall be carried out on an air-dried test sample. However, in making use of these analyses, it is sometimes necessary to express or report the results on some other basis. The bases in common use are “air-dried”, “as-re
22、ceived”, “dry”, “dry, ash-free”, and “dry, mineral-matter-free”. 5.2 Procedure Any analytical value (except net calorific value) on a particular basis may be converted to any other basis by multiplying it by the appropriate factor calculated from the formulae given in Table 1, after insertion of the
23、 requisite numerical values for the symbols (for determination of moisture, see ISO 589 and ISO 11722; for ash, see ISO 1171). However, in some determinations, there is a direct involvement of the mineral matter and, in these cases, it is essential to apply a correction to the air-dried result prior
24、 to its calculation to the dry, mineral-matter-free basis. This correction is dependent on the nature, as well as the quantity, of the mineral matter present and, for any given sample, the formula recommended by the national standards organization of the country of origin of the sample should be use
25、d and should be quoted in full, together with the analysis. All the determinations that may be expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis are considered individually below. If it is necessary to calculate an analytical result expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis back to any other bas
26、is, then it is essential that any correction deducted during the application of any Formulae (1) to (10) inclusive be added back to the dry, mineral-matter-free value before applying the appropriate formula from Table 1. 5.3 Carbon Total carbon, as determined in coal, comprises both organic carbon a
27、nd carbonate carbon in the mineral matter. It is reported on the air-dried basis (see ISO 609, ISO 625, or ISO 29541). In order to convert the total carbon content as analysed to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, subtract the carbonate carbon before the conversion as given in Formula (1): ww w ww (1
28、) 5.4 Hydrogen The hydrogen content reported on the air-dried basis includes the hydrogen of the coal substance and the hydrogen present (as water) in the mineral matter (see ISO 609, ISO 625 and ISO 29541). The hydrogen present as moisture in the air-dried sample shall be deducted before reporting
29、w H.ad . Before calculating 2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 1170:2013(E) the hydrogen of the coal substance to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, it is also necessary to deduct the hydrogen of the mineral matter as given in Formula (2): ww w ww (2) Since the water of hydration in the mineral matte
30、r cannot readily be determined, it is generally estimated from a knowledge of the minerals likely to be present and the total mineral matter content as given in Formula (3): (3) where F his a national factor, depending of the actual type of coal. If no national factor is available, a value of F hequ
31、al to 0,1 may be used to achieve an approximate result. 5.5 Nitrogen The nitrogen content is reported on the air-dried basis (see ISO 29541). There is no nitrogen in the mineral state normally associated with coal, and the calculation to a dry, mineral-matter-free-basis is as given in Formula (4): w
32、w ww (4) 5.6 Sulfur The total sulfur content, w S,T , as reported on the air-dried basis (see ISO 334, ISO 351 or ISO 19579), includes organic sulfur, w S,o , pyritic sulfur, w S,p , and sulfate sulfur, w S,s . The pyritic sulfur and the sulfate sulfur are determined and the organic sulfur is obtain
33、ed by difference (see ISO 157). In order to convert the total sulfur content to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, subtract the content of pyritic and sulfate sulfur as given in Formula (5): ww ww ww (5) 5.7 Oxygen Although oxygen is a significant component of coal and coke, there has been insufficie
34、nt demand for its direct determination to justify continuation of an ISO standard. The oxygen content is calculated by difference on an air-dried basis as given in Formula (6), which is taken from ISO 17247: ww wwww w (6) The calculated “oxygen by difference” includes the oxygen in the coal substanc
35、e, in the carbonate minerals (as carbon dioxide) and in the water of hydration of the mineral matter. The oxygen content on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis can be calculated as given in Formula (7): ww www (7) It is necessary to exercise caution with the estimated result derived for “oxygen by diff
36、erence” as it incorporates the summation of errors in the results of the other elements. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO 1170:2013(E) 5.8 Chlorine The chlorine content is reported on the air-dried basis (see ISO 587) and includes chlorine from the mineral matter and chlorine combined with the coa
37、l substance. It is, therefore, necessary to subtract the inorganic chlorine before calculating to the dry, mineral-matter-free basis as given in Formula (8): ww w ww (8) The content of inorganic chlorine may be calculated using a national factor, F Cl , as given in Formula (9): (9) For higher rank c
38、oal, no chlorine combined with the coal matter has been found. 1Therefore, a value F Cl= 1 may be used for these coals. 5.9 Volatile matter The mineral matter associated with a sample also loses mass under the conditions of the volatile matter determination (see ISO 562), the magnitude of the loss b
39、eing dependent on both the nature and the quantity of the minerals present. Correction is, therefore, necessary prior to the calculation of the volatile matter to a dry, mineral-matter- free basis to take account of losses of sulfur, water of hydration, carbon dioxide and chlorine as given in Formul
40、a (10): ww ww ww w w(10) The loss of mass from pyritic sulfur during devolatilization is approximately half of the sulfur bound in pyrite. 5.10 Net calorific v alue The calculation of the net calorific value is dealt with in detail in ISO 1928, which, however, does not include calculation to a dry,
41、mineral-matter-free basis as this basis is not of importance for net calorific values. NOTE Net calorific values cannot be converted to any other basis by direct multiplying with the appropriate formulas in Table 1 as net calorific values includes a correction for the heat of vaporization related to
42、 the actual moisture content. 6 Calculations for coke analyses Coke analyses may be expressed on the “air-dried”, “as-received”, “dry” and “dry, ash-free” bases, and these values (except for net calorific value) are calculated by the use of the appropriate formulae given in Table 1, after insertion
43、of requisite numerical values for the symbols (for determination of moisture, see ISO 579 and ISO 687; for ash, see ISO 1171). It is not proposed at present to recommend the calculation for the conversion of analytical results for coke to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis.4 ISO 2013 All rights reserv
44、ed ISO 1170:2013(E) 7 Table for calculation to different bases Table 1 Formulae for calculation of results to different bases Basis of value given Basis of value wanted As analysed (air-dried) (ad) As received a(ar) Dry (d) Dry, ash free (daf ) Dry, mineral matter free (dmmf ) As ana- lysed (air- dr
45、ied) (ad) w w w ww ww As received (ar) w w w ww ww Dry (d) w w w w Dry, ash-free (daf ) ww ww w w w Dry, min- eral- matter- free (dmmf ) ww ww w w w aNote that the formulae given for calculating results for the “as received” basis may be used to calculate them for any other moisture basis, for examp
46、le moisture-holding capacity or bed moisture. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5 ISO 1170:2013(E) Annex A (normative) Mineral matter In order to calculate analytical results for coal to a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, it is necessary to know the total amount of mineral matter present. This is normally determined on the air-dried test sample by the method specified in ISO 602. However, occasions can arise when it is expedient to estimate the amount of mineral matter from the ash by the appl
