1、英语(一)自考题-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Easy LearningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they“ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour
2、at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants t
3、o an hour of Finnish vowel soundsone that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish t
4、he sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in
5、 the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who“d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the bounda
6、ry vowel at all. Cheour doesn“t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don“t “turn off“ their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds
7、so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.（分数：15.00）(1)
8、.Babies are good at learning the art.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Babies can learn language even in their sleep.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Finnish vowels
9、are easy to distinguish.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The EEG recording of the infants brains is not accurate.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The study shows that the inf
10、ant“s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).The babies can continue the night-time learning, so do adults.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow.（分数：1.50）A.R
11、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).Cheour“s finding is worthless.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned“Own“ Your Children“s Education“Helping them isn“t about showing your kids how to do the work. It“s about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they“re learning.“ says
12、J. Gary Knowles, a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, part of the University of Toronto. Rozon has a slew of suggestions for how to get more involved. “Get to know the teacher. Discuss ways to tailor the assignments to your child“s learning style. Spend time in the classroo
13、m. Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find supplementary materials at the library or through videos. Read your child“s textbooks: If you work a few pages ahead, you“ll be able to help them with problems they encounter.“ Reading is another must, says Rozon. “Even after your children can read
14、 themselves, hearing somebody else read aloud is important. We nearly always have a book on the go; we read for at least a half hour before bedtime.“ The more engaged a parent is, the more the child benefits, adds Bruce Arai. “The evidence is clear: Parental involvement is one of the most important
15、factors in school SUCCESS.“ Arai cites the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC), which is measuring all aspects of child development. “The hours children spend in class are but one element of their education“, states HRDC, which s
16、ays parental support, along with teacher support and a positive attitude towards school, all contribute to academic success. “I see every moment of every day as a learning experience.“ says Goforth. “The most satisfying part of it is seeing the love of learning continued. I“m not squelching my child
17、ren“s desire to learn by insisting they learn. They learn because they want to.“ Adds Jeanne Lambert, mother of Carey Graham: “Make the time, take the time, guide, lead, and encourage. If nothing else, your children learn you care, and that“s the most important lesson you can give them.“（分数：15.00）(1
18、).Showing children how to work will benefit their education.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Keeping good relationship with children“s teachers is one of good suggestions for helping their education.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).According to the passage, parents should help thei
19、r children with their homework.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).You should read your child“s textbooks so that you can teach them.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Children should always take a book with them on the way back from school and read it aloud.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
20、 mentioned(6).If parents show a lot of interest in their children“s study, the children will do better at school.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It is very important that you let your children know you feel love and concern for them.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).Only parents“ s
21、upport can contribute to children“s success.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).Parents must observe classes regularly.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).Governmental support also plays a role in achieving academic success.（分数：1.50）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedFive Good Reasons to Lear
22、n a Foreign Language1. Improve your native language I know this might not make sense at first but hear me out. As a person who speaks only one language, you have no basis for comparison; all you know is your native language. 1 Knowing another language gives you a great measuring stick. It will help
23、you better understand tenses, prepositions and all the other parts of speech we normally take for granted. You will find yourself speaking and writing more precise and creative sentences. 2 2. Enhance your experience of travel 3 Why not get the most out of it? If you don“t know the language of the p
24、laces you visit, you are completely excluded from the culture. The locals shun you and you are relegated to sightseeing and taking cheesy photos. Knowing even a few phrases of the language will make a huge difference. You will meet many more people and find it much easier to get around. 4 This can t
25、urn a frustrating experience into the trip of a lifetime. 3. Languages are beautiful Language is what makes us human. It is the medium we use to share our thoughts with the rest of the world. Can you imagine thought without language? Great language also has a wonderful musical quality. 5 I am often
26、struck by new phrases that are profoundly meaningful and melodic. At those moments I feel grateful to be alive. Don“t sell yourself short by stubbornly ignoring every language but one. A. Traveling is one of the great joys of life and also one of the most expensive. B. Learning a new language is lik
27、e learning a new way to think and a new way to sing. C. The world is getting smaller and we are coming into contact with more non-Chinese speakers all the time. D. In different languages the same idea is often expressed in different ways. E. People are much more receptive if you make an effort to sp
28、eak their language. F. There is a reason why most great writers and poets are students of many languages.（分数：7.50）The Greatest GiftAt the time, the idea of my two sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me. We used to fight all the time over toys, food, attention, what to watch on televis
29、ionyou name it, we bickered about it at some point. 6 We weren“t the same age. We all had our own friends in school. But my mother never let the three of us forget it: sisters are lifelong friends. Her wishlike most parents“was to give us something that she had never had. Growing up as an only child
30、, she longed for siblings. When she gave birth to three daughtersseparated by only four yearsthe fulfillment of her dream had only just begun. 7 She would frequently tell us how lucky we were. But there were other, more subtle ways that she encouraged us to grow closer. She never showed favoritism t
31、o one daughter over the other, so as not to cause jealousy or bitterness between us. She constantly took us places togetherskating, shopping, swimmingso we developed common interests. 8 We didn“t always get along beautifully and fought just like any other siblings. But somewhere in between Mom“s lec
32、tures, the family vacations and the shared memories, we realized that our mother was right. 9 My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together, side by side, even holding hands when we crossed the finishing line. When my sister Karen got married, I was her maid of honor. Cindy and I tra
33、veled through Europe together and even shared an apartment for two years. The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets. It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were. 10 She already knows. A. Today she doesn“t have to. B. How could my sisters
34、be my best friends? C. She had given us each a giftour sistersand she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted. D. I“m not sure what to say. E. And when we were teenagers, Mom always punished us equally, giving us yet another bonding experience. F. Today I share things with my siste
35、rs that I share with no one else.（分数：7.50）A Letter from AlanI have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson“s Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me, Parson“s Place is special because it is a beautifu
36、l natural area where local people can relaxthe small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. It“s very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the
37、 neighbourhood. I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town. Therefore, these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhe
38、re. The roads will always be full of traffic, there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes, the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place. No doubt t
39、he builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But, in my opinion, the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this, we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant. I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to p
40、rotest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.（分数：10.00）(1).Why has Alan written this letter?（分数：2.00）A.To persuade the government to build new housesB.Fo protest about a new motorway near the townC.To encourage more pe
41、ople in the town to use Parson“s PlaceD.To inform other people about the builders“ plans(2).Why is Parson s Place particularly important, in Alan“s opinion?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is near the football groundB.Because lots of people live near itC.Because it is a place near the town where people can enj
42、oy natureD.Because local people can get there easily by car from the town(3).What will cause traffic jams?（分数：2.00）A.A building on Parson“s PlaceB.Building near the railway stationC.Tourists in the narrow streetsD.People going to the shops and hotels(4).Alan says that ordinary people who live in the
43、 town will probably soon _.（分数：2.00）A.open new shops and hotelsB.choose to live near the stationC.be able to buy new homesD.have less money(5).Which of these posters has Alan made?（分数：2.00）A.SAVE OUR SPORTS GROUNDB.SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON“S PLACEC.WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELSD.USE THE TRAIN NOT THE R
44、OADRacial PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries 1 the white man imposes his rude by brute (粗暴) force; there are countries where the black man protests by
45、2 fire to cities and by looting and pillaging (抢夺). Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate (合法的) solution, 3 any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with des
46、pair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch (关键时刻), we have made no actual 4 at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded 5 of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us abs
47、olutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering 6 nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally (阴郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The trul
48、y reasonable men who 7 where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted 8 their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as low enforcement. If half the energy that goes into 9 acts were put to good u
49、se, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos (贫民窟), at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to 10 at a solution. A. by D. progress G. of J. arriving B. where E. know H. mean K. like C. violent F. which I. history L. setting（分数：15.00）Transport and Trade Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates p
