1、英语(二)自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读选择(总题数：2，分数：20.00)A Debate on the English LanguageA measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The U. S. Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation“s official language and the ot
2、her says it is the “common and unifying“ tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue. Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can“t understand why the issue is so controversial. “The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,“ says Dick Tuc
3、ker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh“s Carnegie Mellon University. “It“s related to a worry about the changing demography of the U. S. It“s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.“ In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since t
4、he nation“s founding. John Adams lobbied in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist attempt to define personal behavior. Since then, the country hasn“t had a national language, but the idea o
5、f recognizing the special status of English lived on. The emotions surrounding language resurface not because people feel comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University. “Language
6、 is never about language,“ he says. According to the 2000 U. S. Census Bureau report, of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them, 6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don“t speak Englis
7、h at all.（分数：10.00）(1).What are the two declarations concerned with?_（分数：2.00）A.The status of the English languageB.The protection of new languagesC.The rights to speak one“s mother tongueD.The improvement of the English language(2).Who suggested in the 18th century that English should be protected?
8、_（分数：2.00）A.Walt WolframB.John AdamsC.RoyalistsD.Dick Tucker(3).Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?_（分数：2.00）A.The immigration issuesB.The changing demographyC.The worry about the new languagesD.The U(4).Which statement is true according to the 2000 U. S. Census Bureau repor
9、t?_（分数：2.00）A.172 million Americans speak only English in their workplacesB.37 million Americans speak EnglishC.209 million Americans are above the age of 18D.6(5).The phrase “ kicked around “ (paragraph 4) could be best replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.“invented“B.“formed“C.“shaped“D.“discussed“阅读下面短文，请从短文
10、后所给各题的 4 个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出 1 个最佳选项。 Children“s Self-ControlTeaching your child self-control will help him get along with others, make good choices and stay safe. Teaching self-control starts early and truly and never stops. The thoughtful parent knows that each child is an individual with a will of it
11、s own. Respect for a child“s need will be balanced with respect for the need of others. Teaching your child self-control involves helping him to: think before acting; control impulse; weigh consequences; make safe and acceptable choices. Knowing what to expect from your child at each stage of growth
12、 will provide guideposts as your child grows. Lessons in self-control need to be age-appropriate. Parents also need to agree on clear limits and boundaries as well as reasonable consequences at each stage of development. It is important to be a model of self-control for your child. Controlling the u
13、rge to yell when in a frustrating situation will show your child it can be done. Considering consequences by thinking aloud will give your child a living example of thinking before acting. Your everyday display of kindness, patience and thoughtful regard will go farther than anything else! Babies an
14、d toddlers experience frustration often as they do not have the means to communicate or acquire what they need and want. Distracting the very young children can work sometimes. As preschoolers get older, say age two or beyond, they may need to cool down. Placing them on a chair for a minute or two m
15、ay stop out-of-control behavior. As soon as the child settles, he should be allowed to move from the time-out area. This can be an effective way of teaching early self-control. If you find you are not able to handle your young child“s frustration, it is important to get help from a counselor. He wil
16、l help you to find ways to deal with your own feelings of frustration.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly discussing _.（分数：2.00）A.how to teach your child self-controlB.what to expect from your childC.how to set an example for your childD.what to do with your child“s distraction(2).As for considerate
17、 parents, they are to _.（分数：2.00）A.balance what their child really needB.compare their child with others“ in timeC.give orders to their child at homeD.show respect for their child“s choice(3).To make sure your child lives with self-control, _.（分数：2.00）A.you must provide guideposts as your child grow
18、sB.you should learn to bear pain better than othersC.you“d better think of your child“s age and lessonsD.you should make safe and acceptable choices(4).What does the third paragraph mean?_（分数：2.00）A.Don“t let your child know the bad consequence beforeB.Example is much better than commandC.Yelling is
19、 not a good way to teach your childD.Children prefer a living example to others(5).What does the underlined word mean in the passage?_（分数：2.00）A.A person who can take care of your childB.A person who can teach your childC.A person who gives advice on problemsD.A person who teaches in elementary scho
20、ols二、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)FriendshipFriends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don“t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very fewfor example, th
21、e average among students is about 6 per person. Moreover, a great many relationships come under the blanket term “friendship“. In all cases, two people like each other and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormo
22、usly. Initially, much depends on how people meet, and on favourable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult
23、 to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background. On a more immediate level, we are sensitive to actual behaviour, facial expression, and tone of voice. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances. Smiles and s
24、oft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare, and nervousness may be misread as hostility. People who do not look
25、 one in the eye are mistrusted when, in fact, they simply lack confidence. Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in commonthey often talk about “being on the same wavelength“. It gene
26、rally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people “click“ immediately. The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down. Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with irr
27、itating habits, and to tolerate differences of opinion. Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink! In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies, no rituals to strengthen the association between two people. But the mutual support and understanding that resu
28、lts from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.（分数：20.00）(1).The average student has about six friends._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Two people can be considered fr
29、iends so long as they care for each other and like being together._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Favourable first impressions count for a lot in making friends._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Friends usually belong to the same race._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).On
30、ly smiles can express friendliness._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Shy people tend to misinterpret other people“s facial expressions._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).In all cases, close friends have similar beliefs and interests._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).The deg
31、ree of intimacy between friends is largely determined by their social status._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).There are apparently no bonds between friends as there are between husband and wife._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).Sharing the experience and emotions can strengthen t
32、he friendship._（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)StorytellingStorytelling requires a different set of skills altogether. Storytelling, whether your purpose is to put the child to sleep, 1 a message or enhance a presentation, requires the same set of skills that you use when
33、 you 2 stories to your friends. First of all, tell stories that spark your interest as 3 as the interest of your audience. This way, it will be a lot 4 and it will be more natural for you to narrate these stories. By using a story that you like, you will be able to speak naturally. The whole story b
34、ecomes more 5 because the tone of your voice and your actions will 6 your enthusiasm. By speaking naturally, you can get to engage your audience to listen to you more 7 because they will feel that it is as if you are telling the story from your own words and from your heart. Maintain eye contact wit
35、h your audience. By 8 eye contact, you can be sure that the audience is still engaged and is 9 you, and at the same time, the audience gets to know that you are mindful of them and that the connection is always there. The only time to 10 eye contact is when you are acting out a character“s role or o
36、ccasionally when gesturing. A. interesting D. tell G. convey J. well B. break E. easier H. indicate K. reflect C. listening to F. closely I. keeping L. good（分数：20.00）四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Split Milk1 He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the a
37、verage person; what set him so far apart from others? 2 He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over ther kitchen floora veritable sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen, inste
38、ad of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! 3 Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?“ Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his
39、 mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? 4 Which do you prefer? “He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk. His mother then said, “You k
40、now, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let“s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it. “ The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at t
41、he top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 5 AHe responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. BWhat a wonderful lesson! CHave you heard of the story about spilt milk? DI have rarely seen
42、 such a huge puddle of milk. EI recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. FWe could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop.（分数：20.00）五、下面的短文有 10 处空白，每处空白后的括号(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an i
43、ncreasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have 1 (restrict) most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have 2 (able) many countries to call
44、 in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil- 3 (work) from the U. S. A. and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries, 4 (include) South Korea and Japan. In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not 5 (surprise
45、) that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major 6 (attract). Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For example, the difficult living cond
46、itions often lead to 7 (increase) friendship when workers have to depend on each other for 8 (safe) and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money 9 (part) because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this 10 (m
47、ere) takes greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.（分数：20.00）英语(二)自考题-15 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读选择(总题数：2，分数：20.00)A Debate on the English LanguageA measure declaring English the national language is under intens
48、e debate in the United States. The U. S. Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation“s official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying“ tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue. Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak on
49、ly English, many can“t understand why the issue is so controversial. “The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,“ says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh“s Carnegie Mellon University. “It“s related to a worry about the changing demography of the U. S. It“s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.“ In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation“s founding. John Adams lobbied in
