1、2006 年 3 月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.With computers doubling in speed and power every couple of years, and with genetic engineerings dazzling feats growing more and more routine, the battered American faith in technological progress has been gr
2、owing stronger and giddier of late.（分数：2.00）A.intriguingB.ornateC.brilliantD.obsessing2.One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is d
3、esigned to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.（分数：2.00）A.restrainingB.comprisingC.embracingD.releasing3.The two fanatic Puerto Rican nationalists who tried to assassinate Harry Truman in 1950 attacked him when he was living across the street in Blair House while the White Hous
4、e was being renovated .（分数：2.00）A.refurbishedB.refurnishedC.reiteratedD.repainted4.But by the time we are adult, the childhood hiding which dwindled to adolescent shyness, is expected to disappear altogether, as we bravely stride out to meet our guests, hosts, companions, relatives, colleagues, cust
5、omers, clients, or friends.（分数：2.00）A.succumbedB.resortedC.adaptedD.diminished5.The Taganka production Poslushaite ( “Listen“) , culled from statements and works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, proved to be a singular exception.（分数：2.00）A.rejectedB.descendedC.confirmedD.selected6.Many feel Kennedys commitme
6、nt was a desperate political maneuver to lift himself out of the calamity of the Bay of Pigs.（分数：2.00）A.limelightB.ployC.bidD.threshold7.Some industrial workers were trying, quietly and peacefully, to create a network of free trade unions, modeled presumably on Polands famous Solidarity, which was a
7、n anathema to the regime.（分数：2.00）A.a curseB.a coupC.a spumeD.a sinew8.In many simple organisms, including bacteria and various protists, the life cycle is completed within a single generation: an organism begins with the fission of an existing individual; the new organism grows to maturity; and it
8、then splits into two new individuals, thus completing the cycle.（分数：2.00）A.splitB.fusionC.explosionD.modification9.Some pundits are worried that these candidate Q-and-A sessions have supplanted regular newscasts with something less rigorous journalistically, but the carping seems misguided.（分数：2.00）
9、A.succeededB.supersededC.distortedD.completed10.On any corner, sane men, fanatics and demagogues could secure audiences to listen to their oratory, in which they adjured their hearers to rise in their might and drive the invader from their sacred soil.（分数：2.00）A.abjuredB.appealedC.repudiatedD.refute
10、d11.At the outset, Nixon warned, too, that a great effort would be needed to meet the Communist challenge. But his audiences seemed_in such warnings, preferring to be reassured.（分数：2.00）A.interestedB.disinterestedC.uninterestedD.interesting12.Meanwhile, the US and Israel regard Iran as a rogue state
11、 that seeds to export terror, build nuclear weapons and_the Middle East peace process.（分数：2.00）A.conspireB.deviateC.distortD.sabotage13.The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social authority“ has become dogma to many academic interest groups who have been_ themselves to substitute their author
12、ity for that of the, practicing scientists.（分数：2.00）A.grudgingB.exertingC.swarmingD.detesting14.None of these_ is an end in itself. They are tentative, experimental. They are movements not towards something definite but away from something definite.（分数：2.00）A.assuranceB.expedientsC.awarenessD.doubts
13、15.Nxele denounced sorcery, adultery, _, incest, extortion, and murder; he would not eat prepared food, which he said was unclean, and stopped drinking milk.（分数：2.00）A.monogamyB.monologueC.polygamyD.polygene16.“The foreign teachers wondered what we Chinese teachers do in political meetings and I tol
14、d them that we had to go through the_of lengthy formalities. “（分数：2.00）A.rigmaroleB.significanceC.commiserationD.implication17.According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1995, the wealthiest 10 percent of Chinas population received 9 percent of the income, while the po
15、orest 10 percent received only 2 percent. Such _ in income and wealth are found in both cities and rural areas.（分数：2.00）A.identicalnessB.disparitiesC.egalitarianismD.curmudgeons18.In addition to the Mandarin dialects, there are six other Chinese dialect groups, spoken mainly in southern and southeas
16、tern China. This linguistic_, particularly in southeastern China, has provided the basis for strong regional identity and some ethnic variation within the larger Han community.（分数：2.00）A.fragmentationB.unanimityC.lethargyD.apotheosis19.Her taste runs also to arrangements of Chopin and Joplin, as wel
17、l as to Japanese and Brazilian music, part of_ approach that is winning her fans around the world.（分数：2.00）A.a heterogeneousB.an eclecticC.a homogeneousD.a monotonous20._is practiced to some extent by the adherents of every religion. It often requires abstinence from food, drink, or sexual activity,
18、 as in fasting or celibacy and it may also require physical pain or discomfort, such as endurance of extreme heat or cold or self-punishment.（分数：2.00）A.ExtravaganceB.OpulenceC.DeteriorationD.Asceticism二、Grammar(总题数：20，分数：40.00)21.The buffalo which the lion fells provokes his aggression as little as
19、the appetizing turkey which I have just seen hanging in the larder provokes_.（分数：2.00）A.meB.themC.itD.mine22.Here, so profligate has its use become the air conditioner is almost_the automobile of the national tendency to overindulge in every technical possibility, to sue every convenience to such ex
20、cess that country looks downright coddled.（分数：2.00）A.as glaring symptom asB.as glaring a symptom asC.as symptom glaring asD.as glaring as a symptom23.The touch excites no defensive response unless the approach is from above where the spider can see the motion, _on its hind legs, lifts its front legs
21、, opens its fangs and holds this threatening posture as long as the object continues to move.（分数：2.00）A.in which case it risesB.in that case it risesC.in which case does it riseD.such being the case it rises24.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every thre
22、e to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, _plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.even thoughC.whileD.since25._ from her contract, De Havilland sued the studio
23、 and, after a two-year battle, won her case in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors.（分数：2.00）A.Determined being releasedB.Determining to be releasedC.Determined to be releasedD.Determining to be releasing26.The game of golf became so popular in Scotland in order to keep people from
24、 playing golf when they_archery, a military necessity, the Scottish parliament passed a special law in 14The Scottish people, however, largely ignored this similar laws.（分数：2.00）A.should have been practicingB.should be practicingC.had been practicingD.were practicing27.If at some point they do impor
25、t Christianity, it is_that it will be absorbed and adapted_strengthen the continuing core of Chinese culture.（分数：2.00）A.more than likely.in such a manner as toB.more likely than.in such a manner so as toC.likely more than.in a manner so as toD.more likely.to such a manner as28.A rogue loose called a
26、 hacker could take control of the entire system by implanting his own instructions in the software and then he could program the computer to erase any sign_.（分数：2.00）A.of his being ever thereB.he ever has been thereC.of his having ever been thereD.of him having ever been there29._at the outset, _ in
27、stead of shifting thing about may be pheromones released when they reach committee size.（分数：2.00）A.The stimuli set them off.build collectivelyB.The stimuli that set them off.building collectivelyC.The stimuli setting them off.they build collectivelyD.Being set off by stimuli.their building collectiv
28、ely30.When we stereotype people, we use a less mature from of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. _about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, strengths and true characterwe categoriz
29、e them as jocks, geeks or freaks.（分数：2.00）A.Rather than learnB.To make sure to learnC.As soon as learningD.As a replacement for learning31.A(Such an extravagance) B( merely to provide) comfort is peculiarly America and C(striking at odds with) all the recent rhetoric about national sacrifice in a pe
30、riod of D(menacing) energy shortages.（分数：2.00）_32.Other modern industrial nations such as Japan, Germany and France have managed A(all along) to thrive B(with mere fractions) of C(man-made coolness) used in the US, and D(precious little of that) in private dwellings.（分数：2.00）_33.Thousands of A(tired
31、, underfed, poorly clothed) Confederate soldiers,B( long since past)the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle C(somehow) considered Lee the symbol of everything D(that) they had been willing to die.（分数：2.00）_34.It is only when you watch A(the dense mass) of thousands of ants, B(crowded
32、 together) around the Hill, C(that)you begin to see the whole beast, and now you observe it D( to think, plan, calculate.)（分数：2.00）_35.Although postmodernism incorporates A(large helpings) of Freudianism and the more credulous kind of cultural anthropology, it remains a fundamentally B(“left“ phenom
33、ena), C(in the sense of) maintaining D(an implacable hostility to) market economics and traditional social structures.（分数：2.00）_36.Restrained from the slave-tradethe favorite traffic of the chiefsA(opposed in) their marauding propensity, and threatened by the desertion of their slaves and women, who
34、 begin to understand that by flight into the towns of the Republic they can free themselves from the domestic institutions of slavery and polygamy, B( it is not probable that) heathen princes and chiefs would be favorable to the government C(which they imagine is operating) detrimentally in these re
35、spects toD( its interest).（分数：2.00）_37.After 1945 both A(America scholarship) and a resurgence of Marxist thought increasingly penetrated European sociology, B( which expanded )considerably. To a growing extent in both the United States and Western Europe, C( the three dominating figures) of Marx, D
36、urkheim, and Weber were recognized as the preeminent classical thinkers of the sociological tradition. D(Their work continued) to influence contemporary sociologists.（分数：2.00）_38.Freeman and slave, A(patrician and plebeian), lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, B(oppressor and oppr
37、essing), stood in constant opposition to one another, carried C(on an uninterrupted), now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, D(or in the common ruin of) the contending classes.（分数：2.00）_39.If marriage exists only as an
38、intimate relationship that A(can be terminated at will), and family exists B(only by virtue of) bonds of affection, both marriage and family C(are relegated to) the market place of trading places, with individuals maximizing D(his psychological capital) by moving through a series of more or less sat
39、isfying intimate relationships.（分数：2.00）_40.Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, A(who are) our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the unfolding of a persons potentialities; B( what mattered to) them was the person C(who is much), not the
40、one D(who has much or use much).（分数：2.00）_三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, and without previous education in the performance. That instincts, as thus defined, exist on a
41、n enormous scale in the animal kingdom needs no proof. They are the functional correlatives of structure. With the presence of a certain organ goes, one may say, almost a native aptitude for its use. “Has the bird a gland for the secretion of oil? She knows instinctively how to press the oil from th
42、e gland, and apply it to the feather. Has the rattlesnake the grooved tooth and gland of poison? He knows without instruction how to make both structure and function most effective against his enemies. Has the silk worm the functions of secreting the fluid silk? At the proper time she winds the coco
43、on such as she has never seen, as thousands before have done; and thus without instruction, pattern, or experience, forms a safe abode for herself in the period of transformation. Has the hawk talons? She knows by instinct how to wield them effectively against the helpless quarry. “ (Chadbourne, 187
44、2) A very common way of talking about these admirable definite tendencies to act is by naming abstractly the purpose they subserve, such as self-preservation, or defence, or care for eggs and youngand saying the animal has an instinctive fear of death or love life, or that she has an instinct of sel
45、f-preservation, or an instinct of maternity and the like. But this represents the animal as obeying abstractions which not once in a million cases is it possible it can have framed. The strict physiological way of interpreting the facts leads to far clearer results. The actions we call instinctive a
46、ll conform to the general reflex type; they are called forth by determinate sensory stimuli in contact with the animals body, or at a distance in his environment. The cat runs after the mouse, runs or shows fight before the dog, avoids falling from walls and trees, shuns fire and water, etc. , not because he has any notion either of life or of death, or of self, or of preservation. He has probably attained to no one of those conceptions in such a way as to react definitely upon it. He
