1、2006年 3月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 With computers doubling in speed and power every couple of years, and with genetic engineerings dazzling feats growing more and more routine, the battered American faith in technological progress has been growing stronger and giddier of lat
2、e. （ A） intriguing （ B） ornate （ C） brilliant （ D） obsessing 2 One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into
3、 the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply. （ A） restraining （ B） comprising （ C） embracing （ D） releasing 3 The two fanatic Puerto Rican nationalists who tried to assassinate Harry Truman in 1950 attacked him when he was living across the street in Blair House while the White House was being renov
4、ated. （ A） refurbished （ B） refurnished （ C） reiterated （ D） repainted 4 But by the time we are adult, the childhood hiding which dwindled to adolescent shyness, is expected to disappear altogether, as we bravely stride out to meet our guests, hosts, companions, relatives, colleagues, customers, cli
5、ents, or friends. （ A） succumbed （ B） resorted （ C） adapted （ D） diminished 5 The Taganka production Poslushaite ( “Listen“) , culled from statements and works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, proved to be a singular exception. （ A） rejected （ B） descended （ C） confirmed （ D） selected 6 Many feel Kennedys co
6、mmitment was a desperate political maneuver to lift himself out of the calamity of the Bay of Pigs. （ A） limelight （ B） ploy （ C） bid （ D） threshold 7 Some industrial workers were trying, quietly and peacefully, to create a network of free trade unions, modeled presumably on Polands famous Solidarit
7、y, which was an anathema to the regime. （ A） a curse （ B） a coup （ C） a spume （ D） a sinew 8 In many simple organisms, including bacteria and various protists, the life cycle is completed within a single generation: an organism begins with the fissionof an existing individual; the new organism grows
8、 to maturity; and it then splits into two new individuals, thus completing the cycle. （ A） split （ B） fusion （ C） explosion （ D） modification 9 Some pundits are worried that these candidate Q-and-A sessions have supplanted regular newscasts with something less rigorous journalistically, but the carp
9、ing seems misguided. （ A） succeeded （ B） superseded （ C） distorted （ D） completed 10 On any corner, sane men, fanatics and demagogues could secure audiences to listen to their oratory, in which they adjured their hearers to rise in their might and drive the invader from their sacred soil. （ A） abjur
10、ed （ B） appealed （ C） repudiated （ D） refuted 11 At the outset, Nixon warned, too, that a great effort would be needed to meet the Communist challenge. But his audiences seemed_in such warnings, preferring to be reassured. （ A） interested （ B） disinterested （ C） uninterested （ D） interesting 12 Mean
11、while, the US and Israel regard Iran as a rogue state that seeds to export terror, build nuclear weapons and_the Middle East peace process. （ A） conspire （ B） deviate （ C） distort （ D） sabotage 13 The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social authority“ has become dogma to many academic interes
12、t groups who have been_ themselves to substitute their authority for that of the, practicing scientists. （ A） grudging （ B） exerting （ C） swarming （ D） detesting 14 None of these_ is an end in itself. They are tentative, experimental. They are movements not towards something definite but away from s
13、omething definite. （ A） assurance （ B） expedients （ C） awareness （ D） doubts 15 Nxele denounced sorcery, adultery, _, incest, extortion, and murder; he would not eat prepared food, which he said was unclean, and stopped drinking milk. （ A） monogamy （ B） monologue （ C） polygamy （ D） polygene 16 “The
14、foreign teachers wondered what we Chinese teachers do in political meetings and I told them that we had to go through the_of lengthy formalities. “ （ A） rigmarole （ B） significance （ C） commiseration （ D） implication 17 According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1995,
15、the wealthiest 10 percent of Chinas population received 9 percent of the income, while the poorest 10 percent received only 2 percent. Such _ in income and wealth are found in both cities and rural areas. （ A） identicalness （ B） disparities （ C） egalitarianism （ D） curmudgeons 18 In addition to the
16、Mandarin dialects, there are six other Chinese dialect groups, spoken mainly in southern and southeastern China. This linguistic_, particularly in southeastern China, has provided the basis for strong regional identity and some ethnic variation within the larger Han community. （ A） fragmentation （ B
17、） unanimity （ C） lethargy （ D） apotheosis 19 Her taste runs also to arrangements of Chopin and Joplin, as well as to Japanese and Brazilian music, part of_ approach that is winning her fans around the world. （ A） a heterogeneous （ B） an eclectic （ C） a homogeneous （ D） a monotonous 20 _is practiced
18、to some extent by the adherents of every religion. It often requires abstinence from food, drink, or sexual activity, as in fasting or celibacy and it may also require physical pain or discomfort, such as endurance of extreme heat or cold or self-punishment. （ A） Extravagance （ B） Opulence （ C） Dete
19、rioration （ D） Asceticism 二、 Grammar 21 The buffalo which the lion fells provokes his aggression as little as the appetizing turkey which I have just seen hanging in the larder provokes_. （ A） me （ B） them （ C） it （ D） mine 22 Here, so profligate has its use become the air conditioner is almost_the
20、automobile of the national tendency to overindulge in every technical possibility, to sue every convenience to such excess that country looks downright coddled. （ A） as glaring symptom as （ B） as glaring a symptom as （ C） as symptom glaring as （ D） as glaring as a symptom 23 The touch excites no def
21、ensive response unless the approach is from above where the spider can see the motion, _on its hind legs, lifts its front legs, opens its fangs and holds this threatening posture as long as the object continues to move. （ A） in which case it rises （ B） in that case it rises （ C） in which case does i
22、t rise （ D） such being the case it rises 24 As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, _plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to buil
23、d, will be marginalized by the maker. （ A） because （ B） even though （ C） while （ D） since 25 _ from her contract, De Havilland sued the studio and, after a two-year battle, won her case in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors. （ A） Determined being released （ B） Determining to be r
24、eleased （ C） Determined to be released （ D） Determining to be releasing 26 The game of golf became so popular in Scotland in order to keep people from playing golf when they_archery, a military necessity, the Scottish parliament passed a special law in 14The Scottish people, however, largely ignored
25、 this similar laws. （ A） should have been practicing （ B） should be practicing （ C） had been practicing （ D） were practicing 27 If at some point they do import Christianity, it is_that it will be absorbed and adapted_strengthen the continuing core of Chinese culture. （ A） more than likely.in such a
26、manner as to （ B） more likely than.in such a manner so as to （ C） likely more than.in a manner so as to （ D） more likely.to such a manner as 28 A rogue loose called a hacker could take control of the entire system by implanting his own instructions in the software and then he could program the compu
27、ter to erase any sign_. （ A） of his being ever there （ B） he ever has been there （ C） of his having ever been there （ D） of him having ever been there 29 _at the outset, _ instead of shifting thing about may be pheromones released when they reach committee size. （ A） The stimuli set them off.build c
28、ollectively （ B） The stimuli that set them off.building collectively （ C） The stimuli setting them off.they build collectively （ D） Being set off by stimuli.their building collectively 30 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature from of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very you
29、ng child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. _about the depth and breadth of people their history, interest, values, strengths and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks or freaks. （ A） Rather than learn （ B） To make sure to learn （ C） As soon as learning （ D） As
30、 a replacement for learning 31 A(Such an extravagance) B( merely to provide) comfort is peculiarly America and C(striking at odds with) all the recent rhetoric about national sacrifice in a period of D(menacing) energy shortages. 32 Other modern industrial nations such as Japan, Germany and France h
31、ave managed A(all along) to thrive B(with mere fractions) of C(man-made coolness) used in the US, and D(precious little of that) in private dwellings. 33 Thousands of A(tired, underfed, poorly clothed) Confederate soldiers,B( long since past)the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle C(
32、somehow) considered Lee the symbol of everything D(that) they had been willing to die. 34 It is only when you watch A(the dense mass) of thousands of ants, B(crowded together) around the Hill, C(that)you begin to see the whole beast, and now you observe it D( to think, plan, calculate.) 35 Although
33、postmodernism incorporates A(large helpings) of Freudianism and the more credulous kind of cultural anthropology, it remains a fundamentally B(“left“ phenomena), C(in the sense of) maintaining D(an implacable hostility to) market economics and traditional social structures. 36 Restrained from the sl
34、ave-trade the favorite traffic of the chiefs A(opposed in) their marauding propensity, and threatened by the desertion of their slaves and women, who begin to understand that by flight into the towns of the Republic they can free themselves from the domestic institutions of slavery and polygamy, B(
35、it is not probable that) heathen princes and chiefs would be favorable to the government C(which they imagine is operating) detrimentally in these respects toD( its interest). 37 After 1945 both A(America scholarship) and a resurgence of Marxist thought increasingly penetrated European sociology, B(
36、 which expanded )considerably. To a growing extent in both the United States and Western Europe, C( the three dominating figures) of Marx, Durkheim, and Weber were recognized as the preeminent classical thinkers of the sociological tradition. D(Their work continued) to influence contemporary sociolo
37、gists. 38 Freeman and slave, A(patrician and plebeian), lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, B(oppressor and oppressing), stood in constant opposition to one another, carried C(on an uninterrupted), now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary
38、 reconstitution of society at large, D(or in the common ruin of) the contending classes. 39 If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that A(can be terminated at will), and family exists B(only by virtue of) bonds of affection, both marriage and family C(are relegated to) the market place
39、of trading places, with individuals maximizing D(his psychological capital) by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships. 40 Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, A(who are) our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life
40、 was the unfolding of a persons potentialities; B( what mattered to) them was the person C(who is much), not the one D(who has much or use much). 三、 Reading Comprehension 40 Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends,
41、and without previous education in the performance. That instincts, as thus defined, exist on an enormous scale in the animal kingdom needs no proof. They are the functional correlatives of structure. With the presence of a certain organ goes, one may say, almost a native aptitude for its use. “Has t
42、he bird a gland for the secretion of oil? She knows instinctively how to press the oil from the gland, and apply it to the feather. Has the rattlesnake the grooved tooth and gland of poison? He knows without instruction how to make both structure and function most effective against his enemies. Has
43、the silk worm the functions of secreting the fluid silk? At the proper time she winds the cocoon such as she has never seen, as thousands before have done; and thus without instruction, pattern, or experience, forms a safe abode for herself in the period of transformation. Has the hawk talons? She k
44、nows by instinct how to wield them effectively against the helpless quarry. “ (Chadbourne, 1872) A very common way of talking about these admirable definite tendencies to act is by naming abstractly the purpose they subserve, such as self-preservation, or defence, or care for eggs and young and sayi
45、ng the animal has an instinctive fear of death or love life, or that she has an instinct of self-preservation, or an instinct of maternity and the like. But this represents the animal as obeying abstractions which not once in a million cases is it possible it can have framed. The strict physiologica
46、l way of interpreting the facts leads to far clearer results. The actions we call instinctive all conform to the general reflex type; they are called forth by determinate sensory stimuli in contact with the animals body, or at a distance in his environment. The cat runs after the mouse, runs or show
47、s fight before the dog, avoids falling from walls and trees, shuns fire and water, etc. , not because he has any notion either of life or of death, or of self, or of preservation. He has probably attained to no one of those conceptions in such a way as to react definitely upon it. He acts in each ca
48、se separately, and simply because he cannot help it; being so framed that when that particular running thing called a mouse appears in his field of vision he must pursue; that when that particular baking and obstreperous thing called a dog appears there he must retire, if at a distance, and scratch
49、if close by; that he must withdraw his feet from water and his face from flame, etc. His nervous system is to a great extent a preorganized bundle of such reactions they are as fatal as sneezing and as exactly correlated to their special excitants as it is to its own. Although the naturalist may, for his own convenience, class these reactions under general heads, he must not forget that in the animal it is a particular sensation or perception or image which calls them for
