1、中国社会科学院真题 2012年 3月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.But two hurdles stand in the way of Russias realizing its space dreams: a collapsing public-education system and a brain drain that for decades has been siphoning off the countrys highly traine
2、d engineers as they move to better-paying jobs in the West.A. obstacles B. prophecies C. hassles D. outcomes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Its subject is “life-as-spectacle“ for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “lif
3、e-as-experience“: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likeable hero.A. inside B. outside C. lacking D. surrounding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The reader trusts the writer to create and re-create for him a vision of a fictional world that is
4、 free of moral ambiguity, a larger-than-life domain in which such ideals as courage, justice, honor, loyalty and love are challenged and upheld.A. detected B. supplied C. divulged D. preserved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Those schools are so strapped for cash that Huckabee just slashed a planned teacher-salar
5、y increase from $3,000 to less than $600.A. shifted B. cut C. modified D. drafted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Schools also reinforce sex-role stereotyping and potential violence through what is termed the “evaded curriculum“ . This term refers to those issues that greatly affect the quality of students lives,
6、 but are rarely discussed within schools.A. perverted B. eluded C. obscured D. marred（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Although some schools are postponing new projects because of the faltering economy, others are forging ahead with plans to emulate freshman programs that have long existed at some of the nations o
7、ldest colleges.A. surpass B. imitate C. scramble D. expand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Blues comes from that sense of not being at the centre, “from nothingness, from want, from desire,“ as W. C. Handy put it. Bessie became the incarnation of that “absence, darkness, dentin“A. discarnating B. materialization
8、C. personification D. representative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Our boasted civilization is but a thin veneer, which cracks and scares off at the first impact of prima1 passions.A. creative B. traditional C. uncontrollable D. original（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Hamlets impetuosity and emotionalism is also the source
9、of his major weakness and character defect.A. atrocity B. impatience C. humility D. ambition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The playwrights parliamentary career was notable for his eloquent speeches made in opposition to the British war against the American colonies, in support of the new French Republic, and i
10、n denunciation of the British colonial administrator Warren Hastings.A. sycophancy B. condemnation C. gratification D. menace（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Business travelers may grumble about moving to the back of the Airbus, but in the air and on the ground, special deals _ for th
11、ose who are willing to lower their sights.A. abound B. indulge C. permeate D. revive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is developing a service that will let you create all online identity that can _ various claims that it will back up.A. plunge B. assert C. exert D. insert（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.You may have seen t
12、his when you tried to open a new bank or credit card account and you were presented with some multiple choice questions asking you to verify where you got your _ or car loan.A. complication B. revenue C. mortgage D. chasm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.To be a/an _ is the ambition most appropriate for those who
13、 see the world as being in constant change, and who, without thinking that they can control it, wish to influence its direction.A. incentive B. facilitation C. catalyst D. cataclysm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Good writers are often also _ readers who enjoy equally fiction and nonfiction, prose and poetry, p
14、hilosophy and science.A. carnivorous B. omnivorous C. herbivorous D. prestigious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.We begin by considering three policieswhat we might call ideal types in reverse that nearly all Americans would rightfully find unacceptable for different reasons: understanding why these policies are
15、 unacceptable can perhaps guide us as we seek to discern the most responsible and _ policy.A. negligent B. middle-of-the-road C. give-and-take D. prudent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.In the world of show business, for example, fame is apt to be breathtakingly _, a year in the limelight followed by total obscu
16、rity.A. ephemeral B. peripheral C. perpetual D. evanescent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Sex and violence on television are called _ by people who feel that they serve no purpose other than to improve ratings.A. gratified B. gratuity C. ingratiating D. gratuitous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.He doesnt know much about po
17、litics, but hes always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an _.A. dogmatist B. adventurer C. braggart D. humbler（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A number of researchers have written about a “hidden curriculum“ in schools, defined as the subtle influences on students that reinforce s
18、exist and racist messages. The hidden curriculum minimizes and _ the contributions women have made.A. eulogizes B. maligns C. maximizes D. compliments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art,
19、_ by all men and in all times; but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my lot.A. being respected B. respecting C. respectfully D. respected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In addition to curricula, programs, and comprehensive support services, schools _ sexist bias, harassment, and violence, so
20、 a number of school districts and states are currently adopting sexual harassment policies.A. have to make a final stand for B. must make an unequivocal stand againstC. have to adopt a firm stand to D. must keep an unambiguous stand over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Despite all the refinements of subtlety and
21、 the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common sense and compassion of readers that are uncorrupted by the prejudices of some opinionated scholars _ the characters and situations in medieval and Elizabethan literature, as in any other literature, can best be judged.A. that B. which C. what D. （分数：1
22、.00）A.B.C.D.24.Few people have the time that is required to master a “full“ knowledge of a foreign language and _ still would be to make the much practical use of such a language.A. more B. less C. much D. fewer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all
23、 sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age _ in charge of events.A. they had been B. had they beenC. they had have been D. were they（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.An important consequence arises because the social security program is purely pay-as-you-go financed,
24、 _ most pension plans, at least in the private sector, are fully funded. Thus, greater contracting-out implies greater prefunding of pension commitments.A. whereas B. because C. so that D. therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.We complain of the darkness in which we live out our lives: we do not understand t
25、he nature of existence in general; we especially do not know the relation of our own self to the rest of existence. Not only is our life short, our knowledge is limited entirely to it, since we can see _ back before our birth _ out beyond our death, so that our consciousness is as it were a lightnin
26、g-flash momentarily illuminating the night, it truly seems as though a demon had maliciously shut off all further knowledge from us so as to enjoy our discomfiture.A. either. or B. neither. nor C. both. and D. not only. but also（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Although it rules that these is no constitutional ri
27、ght to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect“, a _ moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.A. centurys o
28、ld B. century old C. centuriess old D. centuries-old（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.That was a man-made disaster that clearly _ if the federal government, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, had quickly marshaled the political will and resources to evacuate those without access to cars, instead of promotin
29、g on its Web site a faith-based charity that clearly no match for the problem.A. may have been averted B. could have been avertedC. may have averted D. could have averted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The poor suffered the most in the calamity, and they are now experiencing the brutalizing effects of what the
30、activist journalist Naomi Klein has rightly termed “disaster capitalism“, as foreign corporations seek to profit from the reconstruction while the residents of the fishing villages that formerly occupied the area _.A. are being forced to relocate B. is being forced to relocateC. are being forced to
31、be relocated D. are forced to be relocated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.Inductive reasoning involves making useful generalization about the environment as a whole, based on a necessarily limited number of observations. As so, it is an important tool that people use to build the mod
32、els of reality they need to function effectively. While conclusions can be wrong if observations are faulty or are drawn from an unrepresentative sample, if properly used, it can be incredibly powerful.A. as a wholeB. As soC. use toD. While（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.In addition, findings reveal that males
33、receive more teacher attention than females, boys receive more specific comments about their academic performance, that there are differences favoring males in task assignment, in teachers expectation of students behavior based on gender, as well as in such areas as overall curriculum design, classr
34、oom activities, and educational tracking (particularly in math, science, vocational courses, and extracurricular activities).A. that there are differencesB. favoring malesC. teachers expectation of students behaviorD. and extracurricular activities（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.A high life expectancy coupled w
35、ith a high crude birthrate makes it difficult to increase per capita GNP. Finally, people have different views on what is the proper rate of population. Some feel that the earth is too crowded already and that societies should work for zero population growththe condition in which the average number
36、of births and deaths balances so that a population stops growing.A. makes it difficultB. whatC. thatD. balances（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.Legally, the term refers to “any substance, with intended use, which results or may reasonably be expected to resultdirectly or indirectlyfrom its becoming a component o
37、r otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food“ . This definition includes any substance used in the production, processing, treatment, packaging, transportation or storage of food.A. intendedB. fromC. otherwise affectingD. treatment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.That was a man-made disaster that clearl
38、y could have averted if the federal government, specifically the Federal Emergency Management Agency, had quickly marshaled the political will and resources to evacuate those without access to cars, instead of promoting on its Web site a faith-based charity that was clearly no match for the problem.
39、A. could have avertedB. had quickly marshaledC. the political willD. that was（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36.The English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enable him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers. His v
40、ocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he grows old, as a result of education and experience.A. at his disposalB. enableC. the otherD. both that which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.Any observer will agree that not all that surrounds non-rem
41、unerated donation is completely altruistic and that sometimes too much use is made in some countries of forms of compensation of gratification that is not monetary but nevertheless have value.A. surroundsB. isC. is madeD. is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.One major obstacle to economic development is population
42、 growth. The populations of most developing countries grow at a rate much faster than that of in dustrialized countries. One reason for this growth is the high crude birth-ratethe number of live births per 1,000 people.A. toB. The populationsC. thatD. live births（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.Television is one
43、 of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before its served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.A. by whichB. its servedC. peoples and nationsD. as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.Surely it should be obvious the dimmest executi
44、ve that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restoreand that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data getting into the wrong hands.A. that trustB. is easily destroyedc. few thingsD. getting into th
45、e wrong bank（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Students of the great society, looking at mankind in the long perspective of history, have frequently been disposed to seek an explanation of existing cultural differences among races and peoples in some sing
46、le dominating cause or condition. One school of thought has found that explanation in climate and in the physical environment. Another school has sought an explanation of divergent cultures in the innate qualities of races biologically inherited. These two theories have this in common, namely, that
47、they both conceive civilization and society to be the result of evolutionary processesprocesses by which man has acquired new inheritable traitsrather than processes by which new relations have been established between men.In contrast to both of these, there is the catastrophic theory of civilizatio
48、n. From this point of view, climate and innate racial traits, important as they may have been in the evolution of races, have been of only minor influence in creating existing cultural differences. In fact, races and cultures, so far from being in any sense identicalor even the products of similar c
49、onditions and forcesare perhaps to be set over against one another as contrast effects, the results of antagonistic tendencies, so that civilization may be said to flourish at the expense of racial differences rather than to be conserved by them. At any rate, if it is true that races are the products of isolation and inbreeding, it is just as certain that civilization, on the other hand, is a consequence of contact and communication. The forces which have
