1、2009 年 3 月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Instead of the champagne and hope which had heralded the impending births of the first, second and third child, the news of this one was greeted with shocked silence.（分数：2.00）A.hastenedB.symbolizedC.exultedD
2、.announced2.Babbage was a prolific inventor, whose inventions include the ophthalmoscope for examining the retina of the eye, the skeleton key, the locomotive “cow catcher“, and the speedometer.（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.obstinateC.eminentD.shrewd3.Abortion is a highly emotional issue that does not lend
3、 itself to compromise or cool debate.（分数：2.00）A.be applied toB.be subject toC.be affected byD.be suitable for4.The reason for the ubiquitous production of light by the microorganisms of the sea remains obscure, and suggested explanations are controversial. It has been suggested that light is a kind
4、of inadvertent by-product of life in transparent organisms.（分数：2.00）A.adverseB.obscureC.conspicuousD.negligent5.Since “special creationism“ was an ideological target of Darwins, he found himself in a quandary . Although he did not abandon his theory, he admitted that natural selection played a much
5、smaller part in evolution than he had previously claimed.（分数：2.00）A.aversionB.stimulusC.dilemmaD.deterrent6.Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous imbibing of alcohol, use of tobacco and drugs, and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affl
6、uence.（分数：2.00）A.aggregatingB.consumingC.deferringD.replenishing7.The technical-social way of life is a deep feature of the species adaptation, but we would err if we assumed a priori that mans inheritance placed no constraint on his power to adapt.（分数：2.00）A.deductivelyB.paradoxicallyC.inordinately
7、D.cognitively8.The adjustment by retarding growth and arresting vital functions during winter may result in the leaf fall of middle latitude deciduous trees.（分数：2.00）A.perennialB.sophisticatedC.temporaryD.determined9.If senescence is to be compatible with natural selection, there must be some concom
8、itant benefit associated with it that outweighs its disadvantage. Since Darwinian fitness is measured by total reproduction, the advantage must be that senescence is inextricably tied up with reproductive effort.（分数：2.00）A.offspringB.depressionC.decrepitudeD.sterility10.He worked closely with Genera
9、l Washington, wheedled money and supplies from the States, borrowed money in the face of overwhelming difficulties, and on occasion even obtained personal loans to further the war cause.（分数：2.00）A.coaxedB.plunderedC.appropriatedD.engendered11.These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with ou
10、r way of life and our high-fat diets as with_weight. And the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more about a dietary problemtoo much fat and lack of liver than a weight problem.（分数：2.00）A.excessiveB.excessC.putridD.impure12.Instead of feeling surrounded by information, first-tim
11、ers, “newbies“ in the_of the Net, are likely to find themselves adrift in a borderless sea.（分数：2.00）A.voidB.ethicC.ransomD.jargon13.The bombing campaign is_years of civil conflict and drought to create an environmental crisis.（分数：2.00）A.contending withB.complying withC.converting toD.conspiring with
12、14.The law was intended as a(n)_measure until the administration could formulate a permanent farm program that would satisfy both the nations farmers and the Supreme Court.（分数：2.00）A.stopgapB.ambivalentC.devastatingD.authoritarian15.Whether one is a romanticist, a rationalist, a classicist, or one i
13、n the_hold of naturalism, he accepts words describing each as holding the same range of meaning for all views, even including that of existentialism.（分数：2.00）A.murkyB.heedlessC.grimD.intermittent16.The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devas-tatingly thorough that
14、 tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost_.（分数：2.00）A.devouredB.designatedC.obliteratedD.invalidated17.In Scholasticism and Politics, written during World War II Maritian expressed discouragement at the pessimism and lack of self-confidence characteristic of the Western democracies, in t
15、he postwar world he joined enthusiastically in the_of that confidence.（分数：2.00）A.resurgenceB.suspicionC.monarchyD.anguish18.By the end of the nineteenth century, cities were reimbursing private hospitals for their care of _ patients and the public hospitals remained dependent on the tax dollars.（分数：
16、2.00）A.indigentB.myriadC.endemicD.prevalent19.To the_ values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority.（分数：2.00）A.impercept
17、ibleB.resplendentC.repulsiveD.degenerate20.An academician wrote that Arabicthe holy language of religion, art and the Muslim sciencesis “more of_than an aid to the mind. “（分数：2.00）A.inertiaB.stigmaC.encumbranceD.slump二、Grammar(总题数：20，分数：40.00)21.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, e
18、specially_containing many different subcultures as the United States is a complex task.（分数：2.00）A.thoseB.thatC.suchD.one22.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providi
19、ng education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way_at a solution.（分数：2.00）A.as to arriveB.to arrivingC.as to arrivingD.to arrive23.Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaboratestructures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambit
20、ions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, _.（分数：2.00）A.though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversyB.though efforts have generated much controversy by critics efforts to articulate these intentionsC.because of efforts these intentions have genera
21、ted much controversy by critics to articulateD.due to efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy24.Woolfs own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation_in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art.（分数：2.0
22、0）A.other thanB.none other thanC.rather thanD.more than25._a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence_rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern nov
23、elist.（分数：2.00）A.It is both, and ofB.It is not, as well asC.It is not quite, but ofD.It is, except for26._scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else.（分数：2.00）A.Even ifB.UntilC.OnceD.Since2
24、7.The newly developed science of artificial intelligence aims at programming the computer to think, reason and react_people do.（分数：2.00）A.by the same way asB.as much as the same way thatC.with the same way asD.in much the same way that28.It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, _peopl
25、e acted out of a variety of motives and_events had a multiplicity of causes and effects.（分数：2.00）A.in that, in thatB.in which, in whichC.which, whichD.in what, in what29.The grain could have been gathered in last week if the weather had been fine: but, _, it had to be left in the fields.（分数：2.00）A.a
26、s it isB.as it wereC.as it had beenD.as it was30.Obviously, African art is neither anti-classical nor anti-naturalistic: to be either it_its roots in Classicism or in Naturalism, both European in origin.（分数：2.00）A.would have had to haveB.would have hadC.would have had to have hadD.will have31.Photog
27、raphs of the earth taken from space show a A predominantly blue globe, B two-third of its surface C being covered by water. Every year an average of 7 000 cubic meters per person flows into rivers and underground channels. And yet water shortages and droughts have become a serious problem, D one tha
28、t will not go away without better conservation policies.（分数：2.00）_32.Thus the question of why Jefferson didnt free his slaves only A serves to illustrate how presentism B involves us in mistaken assumptions about historical conditionsin this case that an eighteenth-century slaveholder wanting to get
29、 out from under the moral stigma of slavery and C improving the lot of his slaves D had only to set them free.（分数：2.00）_33.It is true that never in human history so many people A were so often and so much B exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitude C other than D those
30、which they obtain in their own local societies.（分数：2.00）_34.A black hole is an astronomical body A whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from it. It was Newton B who first stated that light C is composed of particles. The French mathematician De Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass
31、 D was added to a star like the sun, the gravitational force of the star would eventually prevent light particles from leaving it; it would therefore “blink out“ and become an invisible black star.（分数：2.00）_35.On Broadway, a play must be popular enough A to attract audiences over a long period of ti
32、me. A long run is essential because Broadway theaters are not given financial support by the government, B as are leading theaters in most other countries. C Yet , funds are raised for individual productions and must be repaid to the investors, D if at all possible .（分数：2.00）_36.Reebok shoes, A whic
33、h price from $27 to $85, will continue B to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, C in accordance with the companys view D that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.（分数：2.00）_37.Good leaders recognize that an organizations str
34、ategies for success A require B the combining C talents and efforts of many people. Leadership is the catalyst D for transforming the talents into results.（分数：2.00）_38.Some individuals, however, have strong moral and religious beliefs A that view abortionas an act of murder and B thus to believe tha
35、t the C “right to life“ of an unborn child should D take precedence over .（分数：2.00）_39.The custom of the Christmas tree is believed to have begun by Martin Luther in Germany. A The sight of a evergreen tree on Christmas eve, with stars B blazing above , is said to have made a great impression C on h
36、im, and he put a similar tree, decorated with D lighted candles , in his home.（分数：2.00）_40.Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ A between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities B any C likely to display psychological symptoms of stres
37、s or alienation D than are residents of smaller communities.（分数：2.00）_三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In order to understand what a myth really is, must we choose between platitude and sophism? Some claim that human societies merely express, through their mythology, fundamental feelings common
38、 to the whole of mankind, such as love, hate, or revenge or that they try to provide some kind of explanations for phenomena which they cannot otherwise understandastronomical, meteorological, and the like. But why should these societies do it in such elaborate and devious ways, when all of them are
39、 also acquainted with empirical explanations? On the other hand, psychoanalysts and many anthropologists have shifted the problems away from the natural or cosmological toward the sociological and psychological fields. But then the interpretation becomes too easy: if a given mythology confers promin
40、ence on a certain figure, let us say an evil grandmother, it will be claimed that in such a society grandmothers are actually evil and that mythology reflects the social structure and the social relations; but should the actual data be conflicting, it would be as readily claimed that the purpose of
41、mythology is to provide an outlet for repressed feelings. Whatever the situation, a clever dialectic will always find a way to pretend that a meaning has been found. Mythology confronts the student with a situation which at first sight appears contradictory. On the one hand, it would seem that in th
42、e course of a myth anything is likely to happen. There is no logic, no continuity. Any characteristic can be attributed to any subject; every conceivable relation can be found. With myth, everything becomes possible. But on the other hand, this apparent arbitrariness is belied by the astounding simi
43、larity between myths collected in widely different regions. Therefore the problem: if the content of a myth is contingent, how are we going to explain the fact that myths throughout the world are so similar? It is precisely this awareness of a basic antinomy pertaining to the nature of myth that may
44、 lead us toward its solution. For the contradiction which we face is very similar to that which in earlier times brought considerable worry to the first philosophers concerned with linguistic problems; linguistics could only begin to evolve as a science after this contradiction had been overcome. An
45、cient philosophers reasoned about language the way we do about mythology. On the one hand, they did notice that in a given language certain sequences of sounds were associated with definite meanings, and they earnestly aimed at discovering a reason for the linkage between those sounds and that meani
46、ng. Their attempt, however, was thwarted from the very beginning by the fact that the same sounds were equallypresent in other languages although the meaning they conveyed was entirely different. The contradiction was surmounted only by the discovery that it is the combination of sounds, not the sounds themselves, which provides the significant data. To invite the mythologist to compare his precarious situation with that of the linguist in the pre-scientific stage is not enough. As a
