1、2011 年 3 月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Long treatment of the elderly drains funds from the health needs of other groups and from urgent social problems.（分数：2.00）A.restrainsB.detainsC.soarsD.exhausts2.Cancer cells destroy not only all rival cells,
2、 in their ruthless biological warfare, but also destroy the larger organizationthe body itselfsigning their own suicide warrant.（分数：2.00）A.refinedB.randomC.mercilessD.perpetual3.The report also examined the overall effectiveness of the 43-day bombing campaign carried out by coalition forces and Cong
3、ress released a brief synopsis to the public.（分数：2.00）A.compendiumB.bibliographyC.addendumD.postscript4.All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal.（分数：2.00）A.businessB
4、.exchangeC.wedlockD.contact5.With the awfully limited vocabulary to only a thousand words or fewer, the reader resembles a color blind artist who is only aware of a few colors and consequently his ability to create on canvas is lamentably restricted.（分数：2.00）A.auspiciouslyB.deplorablyC.suspiciouslyD
5、.disbelievingly6.The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country. America has nothing to do with allegiance to a dynasty and very little to do with allegiance to a particular place, but everything to do with allegiance to a set of principles.（分数：2.00）A.convictionB.loyaltyC
6、.conversionD.component7.After a few short but interminable seconds, U. S. Astronaut Neil Armstrong placed his foot firmly on the fine-grained surface of the moon. The time was 10: 56 pm, July 20,1969.（分数：2.00）A.inseparableB.fastC.indelibleD.long8.Hopelessly entrapped in the two-year tangle of his ow
7、n deceit, forced into a confession of past lies, he watched the support of his most loyal defenders collapse in a political maelstrom, driven by their bitterness over the realization that he had betrayed their trust.（分数：2.00）A.probeB.confusionC.findingD.potential9.Although this could be seen as a st
8、rength because it allows flexibility, it can also be argued that it invalidates the theory; in this case several peoples rights must be relinquished to reach a conclusion.（分数：2.00）A.given upB.put offC.thought ofD.held on10.War is the social cancer of mankind. It is a pernicious form of ignorance, fo
9、r it destroys not only its “enemies“, but also the whole superstructure of what it is a partand thus eventually it defeats itself.（分数：2.00）A.banefulB.optimalC.paradoxicalD.perilous11.In this great global clash of interests, it is time for both sides to soften their anger and seek new ways to get alo
10、ng with each other. If sanity is to prevail, the guiding policy must not be_but cooperation and conservation.（分数：2.00）A.confrontationB.reconciliationC.rationD.resumption12.Looking ahead, the computer industry sees pure gold. Estimates for the number of personal computers in use by the end of the cen
11、tury run as high as 80 million. Then there are all the_industries; desks to hold computers, luggage to carry them, cleansers to polish them.（分数：2.00）A.concessionaryB.feasibleC.hypotheticalD.auxiliary13.In North Dakota, which had barely an inch of rain in four months, there was no grass for cattle. F
12、armers tramped their dusty fields, watching their dwarfed stand of grain shrivel and_.（分数：2.00）A.surviveB.wailC.perishD.swell14.As most new buyers soon learn, it is not that easy for a novice to use, particularly when the manuals contain instructions like this_from Apple; “This character prevents sc
13、ript from terminating the currently forming output line when it encounters the script command in the input stream. “（分数：2.00）A.excerptB.manipulationC.retrievalD.reminder15.Eventually the old brutal arrangement was_by the laws of the state, which undertook to end the freelance savageries of personal
14、revenge by meting out justice uncomplicated by private passion.（分数：2.00）A.supersededB.revisedC.permeatedD.imposed16.Rights and obligations are_; an obligation flows from a right, and this provides clarity in action. For example if it can be agreed that the patient has a right to confidentiality, the
15、n it is clear that the doctor has a duty not to breach this.（分数：2.00）A.correlativeB.extraneousC.irrelevantD.compatible17.Finally this theory is widely understood and accepted the world over, i. e. it has a _; and is therefore a good basis for discussion of an ethical problem.（分数：2.00）A.particularity
16、B.unilateralismC.commonalityD.cosmopolitan18.In New Orleans, meanwhile, the dredging of channels has_huge amounts of marshland.（分数：2.00）A.compromisedB.proliferatedC.producedD.modified19.As a professional doctor, I will prescribe_for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and
17、 never do harm to anyone.（分数：2.00）A.regimenB.equityC.requisiteD.regime20.It is often the children who truly lead the elders into America, the sons who take their fathers to their first baseball game or shepherd them to their first rock concert or give them a real sense that they_Americas future.（分数：
18、2.00）A.have an impact onB.have a facility forC.have a grasp ofD.have a stake in二、Grammar(总题数：20，分数：40.00)21.In another institute study, 35% of U. S. employees said they had health care responsibilities during the last year. It can be episodic, unpredictable and very_.（分数：2.00）A.stressingB.stressedC.
19、stressfulD.stress22._it is generally agreed that sex-role stereotyping contributes to narrowly defined expectations about human potential, limited career options for males and females, and mixed messages about the world which contradict daily life experience, the social costs of such stereotyping ha
20、ve not been fully explored in the educational arena.（分数：2.00）A.AsB.IfC.WhileD.Unless23.On the other hand, _very deep pockets, the administration would not be concerned in the least about the cost of their lawyers. If fully_, the corporate lawyers could file enough motions, take enough depositions, a
21、nd pursue every possible appeal, to the point that you, quite literally, could litigate yourself into bankruptcy.（分数：2.00）A.having/unleashedB.had/unleashedC.having/unleashingD.had/unleashing24.While we need to show young women how to protect themselves, these findings also demonstrate strongly that
22、we need to help young men reject a culture that tells them relationships are based on showing power_others and that, as males, they need to prove their masculinity, _exercising this type of power.（分数：2.00）A.against/forB.on/withC.to/inD.over/by25._schools are a microcosm of society at large, it is im
23、portant to examine the ways in which educational environments may foster and perpetuate a tolerance of gender-based stereotyping and violence.（分数：2.00）A.In thatB.As long asC.For thatD.Even though26._, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion, and texture; high efficiency and safety of
24、 operation; convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair, durability; and expression of function in terms of form.（分数：2.00）A.Under a large quantity of prevailing criteria of designB.By a large sum of severe criterion set by the associationC.According to a large amount of the industr
25、ial criteriaD.With a number of ultimate criterion laid down by the union27.That was a man-made disaster that clearly_if the federal government, specifically the Federal Emergency Management Agency, had quickly marshaled the political resources to evacuate those without access to cars, instead of pro
26、moting on its Web site a faith-based charity that was clearly no match for the problem.（分数：2.00）A.could have been avertedB.should have just avertedC.would have not really avertedD.could have not averted28.The police had decided not to proceed with a prosecution against Irwin, _ that it was highly un
27、likely that any jury in the land would wish to punish him for doing this mercy killing.（分数：2.00）A.since they had clearly recognizedB.clearly recognizingC.clearly being recognizedD.clearly having recognized29.Opponents of legalization often argue that inside the breast of all doctors, both sides of t
28、he argument agree, beats the heart of a Mengele_.（分数：2.00）A.for whom patients must be protectedB.against whom patients must be protectedC.against whom patients must protect themselvesD.for whom patients must be being protected30.It hardly needs_that being alive is one of the prerequisites for enjoyi
29、ng the freedom that Americans value so much.（分数：2.00）A.to mentionB.mentionC.mentioningD.being mentioned31.In the same way, children learning to do all the other things A they learn to do without being taughtto walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicyclecompare their own performances B with that of C m
30、ore skilled people, and slowly make D the needed changes .（分数：2.00）_32.Human-centered, or anthropocentric, views A favor an instrumental view of the natural world and value it only as B a means to human ends . Such views place great value and trust in science and technology, believing that the power
31、s of control over nature C conferred by them are non-problematical and that ongoing technical development D will be crucial to ensure a world bereft of poverty, drudgery and disease etc.（分数：2.00）_33.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and A to things about which there is something to be do
32、ne. This is not always easy; ones past is B a gradually increasing weight . It is easy to C think for oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and D ones mind more keen .（分数：2.00）_34.Culture in general A is concerned with beliefs and values B on the basis of that people interp
33、ret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. C Broadly and simply put , “culture“ refers to a group or community D with which you share common experiences that shape the way you understand the world.（分数：2.00）_35.A Since the nineteenth century became the twentieth, Black bands B were being
34、 heard more and more on the streets of New Orleans. C Included in the crowd of listeners who followed them D were black youngsters such as Louis Armstrong. Soon there were white bands trying to copy this Black style of playing.（分数：2.00）_36.And A while the medical community generally supports the gui
35、ding principle of the current policythat organ donation should be an B act of giving , without monetary incentives of any kindthe American Society of Transplant Surgeons has endorsed the idea of a pilot program C that would partially reimburse surviving funeral expenses of individuals who allow thei
36、r organs D to take after death.（分数：2.00）_37.To please no one A I will prescribe a deadly drug, B nor give advice which may cause his death. C Nor will I give D a woman a pessary to procure abortion. But I will preserve the purity of my life and my art.（分数：2.00）_38.A Given the already documented inci
37、dence of abuse and violence B in adolescents lives , the avoidance of these issues reinforces the message that C such matters are private and individual rather than socially based. This attitude only serves D to cover up the extent of abuse and perpetuate the shame that such silence promotes.（分数：2.0
38、0）_39.Such changes, A combined with the erosion of B the areas barrier islands, and the Bush administrations policy of C opening up more wetlands to development, weakened the natural frontline defense against a hurricane storm surge D and leave the city more vulnerable to death and destruction.（分数：2
39、.00）_40.Older persons typically exhibit greater experience-based knowledge, A increased accuracy , better judgment, and generally improved ability to handle familiar tasks B than younger persons . Such applied knowledge, C or wisdom , may in fact be considerably more important to ones ability to acc
40、omplish most tasks of day-to-day life D than were the abstract abilities tapped by intelligence tests.（分数：2.00）_三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The principle of the social character of the school as the basic factor in the moral education given may be also applied to the question of methods of
41、 instruction, not in their details, but in their general spirit. The emphasis then fells upon instruction and giving out, rather than upon absorption and mere learning. We fail to recognize how essentially individualistic the latter methods are, and how unconsciously, yet certainly and effectively,
42、they react into the childs ways of judging and of acting. Imagine forty children all engaged in reading the same books, and in preparing and reciting the same lessons day after day. Suppose this process constitutes by far the larger part of their work, and that they are continually judged from the s
43、tandpoint of what they are able to take in a study hour and reproduce in a recitation hour. There is next to no opportunity for any social division of labor. There is no opportunity for each child to work out something specifically his own, which he may contribute to the common stock, while he parti
44、cipates in the productions of others. All are set to do exactly the same work and turn out the same products. The social spirit is not cultivated, in fact, in so far as the purely individualistic method gets in its work, it atrophies for lack of use. The child is born with a natural desire to give o
45、ut, to do, to serve. When this tendency is not used, when conditions are such that other motives are substituted, the accumulation of an influence working against the social spirit is much larger than we have any idea of, especially when the burden of work, week after week, and year after year, fall
46、s upon this side. But lack of cultivation of the social spirit is not all. Positively individualistic motives and standards are inculcated. Some stimulus must be found to keep the child at his studies. At the best this will be his affection for his teacher, together with a feeling that he is not violating school rules, and thus negatively, if not positively, is contributing to the good of the school. I have nothing to say against these motives so far as they go, but they are in
