1、中国社会科学院真题 2010年 3月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it is not much funand it might not even be necessary.A. scanty B. lavish C. balanced D. nutrient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.When former Colorado Gove
2、rnor Richard Lamm spoke out in 1984 about the terminally ills “duty to die“, his forthrightness seemed eccentric.A. unconventional B. weird C. deceptive D. ridiculous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Discussing the probability of another world war, Woolf argues that women with jobs in manufacturing should refuse t
3、o produce arms for use in a male-instigated debacle.A. havoc B. derision C. vibration D. epoch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Alcohol ingestion is said to reduce the tension or feelings of unpleasantness and to replace them with the feeling of euphoria generally observed in most persons after they have consumed
4、one or more drinks.A. escalation B. elation C. delusion D. indifference（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.One difficulty is that while other disciplines investigate a specific range of phenomena, philosophy, particularly in the hodgepodge conception, investigates all of existence.A. potpourri B. consensus C. feint
5、D. nuance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Given the persistent and intransigent nature of the American race system, which proved quite impervious to black attacks, Du Bois in his speeches and writings moved from one proposed solution to another and the salience of various parts of his philosophy changed as his pe
6、rceptions of the needs and strategies of black American shifted over time.A. vigilant B. inadvertent C. impenetrable D. incongruous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.A. deducted B. assumed C. decreed D. challenged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Prof
7、essor Lewis tells of an Oxford undergraduate he knew who, priggishly despising the conventional images of God, thought he was overcoming anthropomorphism by thinking of the Deity as infinite vapor or smoke.A. factitiously B. smugly C. spontaneously D. conspicuously（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.When Le Corbusie
8、r draws on this experience later in his own work, it is the memory of the building as a foil to nature that guides his vision.A. tableau B. prototype C. facade D. counter-balance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Exorcising the wounds of childhood and young adulthood, Dickens dramatized the unresolved problems of
9、his personality and his marriage, anticipating the turmoil that was to come.A. Exposing B. Diffusing C. Depicting D. Banishing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Many new words have been added to the English language in the past forty years; and since Shakespeares time the number of word
10、s in the language has increased more than five times, from about 140,000 to _ between 700,000 and 800,000.A. somehow B. somewhere C. whereas D. somewhat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse
11、 gases and can even _ forest fires.A. sprout B. accelerate C. ignite D. foster（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He did not want to be _ by the majority. He felt that various distinguished cultures could offer a greater contribution to progress than a single culture could.A. assimilated B. afflicted C. enraged D.
12、isolated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In theory, millions of people suffering devastating diseases may one day be helped or even cured with treatments derived from human embryonic stem cells, but human embryos must be destroyed to obtain these stem cells. So research involving them is _ in controversy, with e
13、ach side arguing passionately for the rights of the sick or the rights of the unborn.A. refuted B. modified C. marred D. mired（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.With its publication in 1885, the Concord Public Library banned the book for “being more suited to the slums than to intelligent, respectable people“. _ ,
14、 Clemens relished the ban and happily told his publisher the controversy would generate 25,000 in sales copies.A. Unattended B. Unbiased C. Undeterred D. Unbalanced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Balancing the budget or reforming welfare has individual winners and losers. But when no trade association or advoca
15、cy coalition stands to win or lose, beliefs about whats best have a better chance to _.A. skip B. precede C. conspire D. prevail（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.War, chiefly the Civil War, in U. S. history has been a vital force in the rise of industrial capitalism, in the change of America from a dominantly agr
16、arian and _ country to one chiefly manufacturing in nature.A. cosmopolitan B. predatory C. pastoral D. proletarian（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Everyone was obligated to adapt their ways to these overarching rules, as they were commonly understood, and anyone could reasonably judge others, wherever they lived
17、, by their degree of conformity to the _ principle.A. fluid B. poignant C. vexatious D. immutable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Paralleling the growth of interest among professional historians during the early 1960s, I had a simultaneous _ of popular interest in the Afro-American past that was directly stimula
18、ted by the drama of the protest movement.A. respite B. fray C. obsolescence D. groundswell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Merchant Robert Morris was a man of many distinctions, one of the wealthiest individuals in the Colonies and an economic wizard, he won the _ “Financier of the Revolution“, yet died penniles
19、s and forgotten.A. condolence B. euphemism C. dregs D. accolade（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomicsall of _ provide significant benefits for human healthwould not be possible without the underlying knowle
20、dge of evolution.A. what B. that C. which D. those（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Many ethnologists at the turn of century believed that Native American manners and custom were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity _ before the cultures disappeared forever.A. so much informat
21、ion as to adequately recordB. as much information as could be adequately recordedC. as much information as could adequately recordD. so much information that could be adequately recorded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.None of these high technology methods are of any value if the sites _ they are applied have ne
22、ver mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery, the explorer therefore pay particular attention to _ the ground formations most likely to mineralize.A. that. selecting B. to which. selectingC. where. select D. which. select（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Je
23、sus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet _ heresy.A. were tantamount with B. has been tantamount withC. would have been tantamount to D. would be tantamount to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Whether a policy that is “good“ in the aggregate sense _ also “good
24、“ for a particular person, however, _ a different matter.A. is. is B. is. / C. /. is D. is. being（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The period in Europe from the end of the World War II has seen a spectacular growth in the number of cars, similar to _ in America during the 1920s and 1930s.A. what would take place
25、B. that which took placeC. which had taken place D. that were taking place（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.In the American family, the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part _.A. also B. though C. as well D. either（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Most studie
26、s focus on remarkably precise slivers of human emotions. One study at Allegheny University in Pennsylvania found that the tendency for a person to throw dishes or slam doors when he is angry is 40 percent heritable, _ the likelihood a person will yell in anger is only 28 percent heritable.A. and B.
27、that C. yet D. while（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.The founders, _, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.A. such as the case of almost all their successors wasB. such as
28、was the case of almost all their successorsC. as the case of almost all their successorsD. as the case of almost all their successors was（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.If you find yourself repeatedly reading over the same paragraph and _ it in, thats a sign youve reached the top for the day and should stop.A.
29、not take B. not to take C. did not take D. not taking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.To paraphrase the noted eighteenth-century scholar, Samuel Johnson, despite all the refinements of subtlety and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the common sense and compassion of readers that are
30、 uncorrupted by the prejudices of some opinionated scholars who the characters and situations in medieval and Elizabethan literature, as in any other literature, can best be judged.A. despiteB. thatC. whoD. as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.Thousands of tired, nerve-shaking, over-civilized people are beginning
31、to find out that going to mountains is going home; that wildness is necessity; and that mountain parks and reservations are useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, but as fountains of life. Awakening from the stupefying effects of the vice of over-industry and the deadly apathy
32、 of luxury, they are trying as best they can to mix and enrich their own little ongoings with those of Nature.A. tired, nerve-shaking, over-civilizedB. the deadly apathyC. as best they canD. with those of Nature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.Money, time and health concerns loom largely in the poll of more than
33、 1,100 women who have at least one living parent. About 20 % said they were very happy. More than half of the women were concerned about an elderly relatives health. Those who had sick relatives were much more likely to feel depressed and to worry about having enough time for family member.A. loom l
34、argely in the poll of more than 1,100 women who have at least one living parentB. an elderly relativesC. worry aboutD. having enough time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.In contrast, when the general population of a society is going through the early stages of social mobilization, language group conflicts seem p
35、articularly likely to occur. They may develop animosities which take on a life of their own and persist beyond the situation which gives rise to them. The degree to which this happens may be significantly affected by the type of policy which the government adopts during the transitional period.A. pa
36、rticularly likelyB. on a lifeC. which gives rise toD. which this happens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.Beliefs about the relationship between humanity and the natural environment can be directly correlated with conceptions held regarding the role science and technology play in mediating that relationship. The
37、interdependence of these beliefs with perceptions of the environmental impacts of science and technology are central in the notions held with regard to the future role of science and technology.A. regardingB. play in mediatingC. are central inD. with regard to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36.An American universi
38、ty president once commented that “Einstein has created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some generations before the average mind grasps the identity of time and space, and so on, but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something vast than ever thought before. “A
39、. It may be some generationsB. beforeC. something vastD. than ever thought before.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses an
40、d the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language as other peoples.A. by being correctedB. correctedC. the differenceD. as other peoples.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends
41、 that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon in which it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development.A. In contrast toB. contends thatC. in whichD. largely dependent upon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.The language has always changed, but the rate of change has been une
42、ven; minor changes have slowly accumulated in every generation, but there have been period of rapid change as well. The most important of these periods occurred during the two hundred and fifty years after 1066, the year the Normans conquered England.A. butB. period of rapid changeC. as wellD. year
43、the Normans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.Cultural pluralism is the dynamic by which minority groups participate fully in the dominant society, yet maintain its cultural differences. A pluralistic society is one where different groups can interact while showing a certain degree of tolerance for one another, wh
44、ere different cultures can coexist without major conflicts, and where minority cultures are encouraged to uphold their customs.A. the dynamic by whichB. yetC. maintain its cultural differences.D. while showing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)The theory
45、of the Social Contract, first formulated by the English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, assumes that men at first lived in a state of anarchy in which there was no society, no government, and no organized coercion of the individual by the group. Hobbes maintained that by the social contra
46、ct men had surrendered their natural liberties in order to enjoy the order and safety of the organized state. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in Le Contrat Social (1762), found the general will, a means of establishing reciprocal rights and duties, privileges, and responsibilities as a
47、 basis of the state. Similar ideas were used as a justification for both the American and the French revolutions in the 18th century. Thomas Jefferson held that the preservation of certain natural rights was an essential part of the social contract, and that “consent of the governed“ was fundamental
48、 to any exercise of governmental power. The Social Contract theory has withstood the test of time; it served as a rationale for the enactment of felon disenfranchisement laws in the past, and remains a compelling argument today.The early exclusion of felons from the franchise by many states could we
49、ll have rested on Lockes concept, so influential at the time, that by entering into society every man authorizes the society, or which is all one, the legislature thereof, to make laws for him, as the public good of the society shall require. A man who breaks the laws he has authorized his agent to make for his own governance could fairly have been thought to have abandoned the right to participate in further administering the compact. This is especially so when acc
