1、2010年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、判断题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False2.A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further anal
2、yzed.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False3.Anthropological linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods of time and at various historical stages.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False4.The features that define our human languages can be called distinctive features.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False5.The sti
3、mulus-response model provides the point of departure for behaviorist research.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False6.Voice is a grammatical category of verbs which expresses the subjective attitude of the speaker towards the state of affairs described by the utterance.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False7.“ The ideal user“s kno
4、wledge of the rules of his language“ defined by Chomskv is communicative competence.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False8.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with
5、 meaning and effect on the reader.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False9.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False10.Slips of the tongue or pen made by either foreign language learners or native speakers are generally referred to as lapses
6、分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False11.A lingua franca has to be a native language currently spoken by a particular people.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False12.Manner of articulation is the only way by which we tell whether a sound is a consonant or not.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False13.Noun phrases, verb phrases and prepositional p
7、hrases usually form endocentric constructions.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False14.Embedding is the means by which one clause is included in the main clause in syntactic subordination.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False15.Meaning is extracted from text or speech by relating what is presented to information stored in short-t
8、erm memory.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False16.In English some books is a case of number concord.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False17.The belief that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently is the notion of language relativism.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False18.A single phoneme always represent
9、s a single morpheme.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False19.Blending is a form of compounding, in which a new word is created by cutting the final part, initial part or cutting both the initial and the final of a word.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False20.Parole is the term used by Saussure to refer to utterances.（分数：2.00）A.Tr
10、ueB.False二、填空题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.The r 1 theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the real world.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.R 1 is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.V 1is mad
11、e with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is kas in cat.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.Evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere of the brain comes from researches in d 1listening tasks.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.A major theory in p 1 is the theory of conve
12、rsational implicature, proposed by Grice.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.In the aspect of sense relation, when a word is a hyponym of itself, it is called an a 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27.Bound morphemes contain two types; roots and a 1 .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.The p 1function of language can extend to the control of realit
13、y as on some magical or religious occasions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.Foreign language learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning the foreign language and this is called language t 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.When two words are c 1 antonyms, one always presupposes the other.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、
14、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：80.00)31._function constructs a model of experience and logical relations.（分数：2.00）A.InterpersonalB.TextualC.MetalingualD.Ideational32._ is not the term used to classify the English consonants in terms of manner of articulation.（分数：2.00）A.ApproximantB.LateralC.PlosiveD.Bilabial33.In
15、the following word _, the articulation of bilabial is not manifested.（分数：2.00）A.petB.metC.howD.web34.Triphthongal glides in English can be heard in the word _.（分数：2.00）A.tideB.toyC.howD.wire35.In the words maps, dogs, watches, mice and sheep, each of/s/, /z/, /iz/, /ai/ and /i:/ is a(an)_of the plur
16、al form.（分数：2.00）A.allomorphB.allophoneC.similar phonemeD.counter phoneme36.In the word international, national is _.（分数：2.00）A.a suffixB.a rootC.a stemD.a prefix37.The agent of the sentence Sam was hit by a truck running behind a car is_.（分数：2.00）A.a carB.SamC.a truckD.none of the above38.The follo
17、wing statements are in accordance with Halliday“s opinions on language EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.The use of language involves a network of systems of choicesB.Language is never used as a mere mirror of reflected thoughtC.Language is a system of abstract forms and signsD.Language functions as a piece of hum
18、an behavior39.Componential Analysis is a way proposed by the _ semanticists to analyze the word meaning.（分数：2.00）A.structuralB.cognitiveC.behavioralD.functional40.Of the following pairs of words, _belongs to the type of complementary antonyms.（分数：2.00）A.employer/employeeB.captive/freeC.rich/poorD.fa
19、st/ slow41.The following are factors that help to produce near synonyms EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.conceptual differenceB.stylistic differenceC.dialectal differenceD.connotative difference42.The research purposes of sociolinguistics include all the following EXCEPT .（分数：2.00）A.to generalize the societal rul
20、es that explain and constrain language behaviorB.to discover the relationship between speakers“ social status and their phonological variationsC.to determine the symbolic value of language varieties for their speakersD.to draw inferences about the relationship between register and kinds of change in
21、 language43.The presence of a conversational implicature relies on all the following factors EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.the Principle of MannerB.the conventional meaning of words usedC.the CPD.the linguistic and situational contexts44.The following statement “There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in t
22、he character of a Frenchman“ is an example of_.（分数：2.00）A.metonymyB.synecdocheC.antonomasiaD.personification45.The utility of the corpus is increased when it has been_.（分数：2.00）A.encodedB.sortedC.annotatedD.programmed46.To know how much a learner has mastered the content of a particular course, a te
23、acher should set up _test.（分数：2.00）A.an aptitudeB.an achievementC.a diagnosticD.a proficiency47.The opinion that “Errors show that the learner has not changed his mother tongue habits into desired habits of the new language“ is very likely to be held by_.（分数：2.00）A.structuralistsB.functional grammar
24、iansC.transformational-generative grammariansD.formalists48.Which of the following findings concerning basic processes in reading is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The reader is believed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon a
25、s that word is encountered.B.The reader“s eyes move across a page of text smoothly.C.The perceptual span encompasses fewer letters to the left of fixation but more to the right.D.The perceptual span covers almost 20 letters.49.Firth did not regard language as _.（分数：2.00）A.a social processB.a set of
26、agreed-upon semiotics and signalsC.a means of doing things and making others do thingsD.a means of social life50.MOOD and MODALITY in Systemic Functional Grammar help to realize_function.（分数：2.00）A.ideationalB.textualC.interpersonalD.metalingual51.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as _.（分数：2.00）A.
27、Peak or NucleusB.OnsetC.CodaD.stress52.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _.（分数：2.00）A.grammatical words and lexical wordsB.content words and lexical wordsC.grammatical words and function wordsD.full words and empty words53.Poly-morphemic words other than compoun
28、ds may be divided into _.（分数：2.00）A.roots and affixesB.bound morphemes and free morphemesC.free morphemesD.roots and free morphemes54._can best describe the following group of words; fryfried, Sunday + school Sunday school.（分数：2.00）A.Inflection and compoundB.Compound and derivationC.Inflection and d
29、erivationD.Derivation and blending55.In English, CASE is a special form of the noun which frequently corresponds to a combination of preposition and noun, and it is realized in all the following channels EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.inflectionB.following a prepositionC.word orderD.following an adjective56.Whi
30、ch of the following is NOT included in G. Leech“s seven types of meaning?（分数：2.00）A.Connotative meaningB.Referential meaningC.Contextual meaningD.Affective meaning57._ studies the internal structure of simple propositions.（分数：2.00）A.Predicate calculusB.Prepositional calculusC.Sentential calculusD.Tr
31、uth value58.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, also called as Linguistic determinism, has alternatively been referred to as _.（分数：2.00）A.linguistic resemblanceB.linguistic relativityC.linguistic universalityD.linguistic rationality59.Four categories of Maxims in Grice“s Cooperative Principle include all the fo
32、llowing EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.MANNERB.RELATIONC.CANCELLABILITYD.QUANTITY60.The following are MT research methods EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.The linguistic approachB.The interlingual approachC.The transfer approachD.The corpus-based61.The sense relation which holds the pair of words herethere is（分数：2.00）A.homonym
33、yB.complementary antonymyC.gradable antonymyD.converse antonymy62.The sense relation which holds the pair of words beforeafter is _.（分数：2.00）A.homonymyB.complementary antonymyC.gradable antonymyD.converse antonymy63.The sense relation which holds the pair of words sweetsuite is _.（分数：2.00）A.homonymy
34、B.complementary antonymyC.gradable antonymyD.synonymy64.The sense relation which holds the pair of words richerpoorer is _.（分数：2.00）A.homonymyB.complementary antonymyC.gradable antonymyD.converse antonymy65.The sense relation which holds the pair of words morning starevening star is _.（分数：2.00）A.syn
35、onymyB.hyponymyC.gradable antonymyD.homonymy66.The sense relation which holds the pair of words potato chipsjunk food is _.（分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.homonymyD.converse antonymy67.In plain English CAUSE(x,(HAVE(x,y)means _.（分数：2.00）A.x gives y xB.x does not have yC.x causes y not to have xD.x ca
36、uses x not to have y68.The connective implication corresponds to the English _.（分数：2.00）A.if.thenB.if and only if.C.“and“D.or69.Cognitive linguists look at the sentence I fell into a depression as a case of _ metaphors.（分数：2.00）A.ontologicalB.structuralC.orientationalD.vertical70.Pair_falls into the
37、 syntagmatic association.（分数：2.00）A.penwriteB.blackwhiteC.judgeguardD.farmharm四、简答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)71.Use your linguistic knowledge of sense relations to explain what makes the following humorous.(10 points)a. Question; Why was Six afraid? Answer; Because Seven Eight Nine.b. Education kills by degre
38、es.（分数：2.00）_72.What design feature/s of language does each of the following language phenomena show? Explain briefly why you think so.(20 points)a. cirencircle or circularb. 我感冒了 = I have a cold / I caught a cold.(English) = Hargab baa ku haya.(Somali) = T slaghd n ort.(Irish) = （分数：2.00）_73.Specif
39、y what interdisciplinary study(branch of macrolinguistics)or branch of linguistic study will most likely deal with each of the following research questions.(10 points)A. Which lexeme has the highest frequency on the data?B. What factors have brought new words into our daily use of the language?C. Is
40、 it possible to use this device to recognize the kidnapper“s voice among thousands of calls you get everyday?D. What are the drawbacks of using logical forms to translate a complex sentence?E. What are the differences between real-world tasks and pedagogical tasks?F. Does the universal quantifier pr
41、esuppose the existence of an entity named by the argument?G. What factors will cancel the presence of a conversational implicature?H. How does language represent the way human beings perceive and conceptualize the world? I. Is touchable in the word untouchable a stem or a root with a suffix?J. In wh
42、at kind of context the production of a sound will be influenced by a neighboring sound?（分数：2.00）_74.Use the underlined sentences in the following dialogue as examples to explain the functions of language.(10 points) Tom: I“ve got an extra ticket for the opera on Saturday. Do you know anyone who migh
43、t like to go? Mary: Not offhand. But I“ll ask around. Tom; Well, thanks. Mary; Hey, come to think of it, I“m free! I“d love to go. Tom; Great! Do you mind driving? Mary; Not at all. Pick you up at seven?（分数：2.00）_75.Use your knowledge of morphology to invent a brand name for a pet shampoo which will
44、 be marketed in English speaking countries. Explain your reasons.(10 points)（分数：2.00）_76.In the English speaking world, there is variation in the use of “-ing“ in words such as morning, and laughing. The variants are*the standard variantandin, a nonstandard variant. The following table shows the res
45、ults of a study which investigated whether the sex of addresser had an effect on which variant was used by two informants when they greeted people with “Morning, or Good morning“.*How would you account for these findings?(20 points)（分数：2.00）_2010年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、判断题(总
46、题数：20，分数：40.00)1.If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity.（分数：2.00）A.True B.False解析：解析：考查学习语言学的原因。如果不能完全理解语言的本质和结构，我们就会对人类的本质一无所知。2.A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further analyzed.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False 解析：解析：考查音位的概念。音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，具有区别意义的作用，可以对其进行进一步的分析。3.Anthropological linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods of time and at various historical stages.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False 解析：解析：考查人类语言学的定义。人类语言学用人类学的理论和方法研究人类语言的变化和语言在
