1、2012 年国际关系学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：56.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、匹配题(总题数：1，分数：40.00)1. The Sot-Weed Factor2. McTeague3. The Old Wives“ Tale4. The Naked Lunch5. The American Scholar6. The Moon and Sixpence7. The Tell-Tale Heart8. The Golden Notebook9. The Art of Fiction10. Wessex Tales11. North and South12. The
2、 Zoo Story13. Beyond the Horizon14. The Prelude15. A Woman of No Importance16. The Pathfinder17. Murder in the Cathedral18. The Invisible Man19. Twice-Told Tales20. Utopia（分数：40.00）(1).William Burroughs（分数：2.00）_(2).Ralph Waldo Emerson（分数：2.00）_(3).Thomas Hardy（分数：2.00）_(4).Edward Albee（分数：2.00）_(5)
3、.Oscar Wilde（分数：2.00）_(6).T. S. Eliot（分数：2.00）_(7).John Barth（分数：2.00）_(8).William Wordsworth（分数：2.00）_(9).Henry James（分数：2.00）_(10).James Fenimore Cooper（分数：2.00）_(11).Herbert George Wells（分数：2.00）_(12).Doris Lessing（分数：2.00）_(13).Frank Norris（分数：2.00）_(14).Eugene O“Neill（分数：2.00）_(15).Edgar Allan
4、Poe（分数：2.00）_(16).Elizabeth Gaskell（分数：2.00）_(17).Nathaniel Hawthorne（分数：2.00）_(18).Thomas More（分数：2.00）_(19).William Somerset Maugham（分数：2.00）_(20).Arnold Bennett（分数：2.00）_二、填空题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.The most famous American Enlightenment figures are(1),(2), and(3), among whom(4)“s book(5)precipitated t
5、he American War of Independence.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.The major concerns of Alice Walker“s works are racism and sexism. Among those works, the most typical is(6), which is a book of(7)written by Celie.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.J.D. Salinger“s influential novel(8)became especially popular with the(9)young genera
6、tion. The novel depicts an adolescent“s despair at the fallen state of the(10)world.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Henry Fielding“s(11)is a typical(12)century novel, representing the orderliness of the universe by means of its highly(13)form.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The 1920s in English literature were marked by the mo
7、st mature works of the 3 Modernist novelists (14),(15), and(16).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Gothic Romances enjoyed much popularity in(17)in the last decades of the(18)century. They are novels of terror which employ(19)background. They are so named because “Gothic“(20)is usually the setting for the elements o
8、f horror in them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、评论题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)7.Please read the following poem and make comments in about 300 words.(50 points)Death the LevelerThe glories of our blood and stateAre shadows, not substantial things;There is no armor against Fate;Death lays his icy hand on kings;Sceptre and Cro
9、wnMust tumble down,And in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked scythe and spade.Some men with swords may reap the field,And plant fresh laurels where they kill:But their strong nerves at last must yield;They tame but one another still;Early or lateThey stoop to fate,And must give up their mur
10、muring breathWhen they, pale captives creep to death.The garlands wither on your brow;Then boast no more your mighty deeds!Upon Death“s purple altar nowSee where the victor-victim bleeds.Your heads must come To the cold tomb:Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in their dust.（分数：2.00
11、）_8.Please read the following selection and make comments in about 500 words.(70 points)WaldenEvery morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. 1 have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bat
12、hed in the pond; that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which 1 did. They say that characters were engraven on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect: “Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again. “ I can understand that. Morning bring
13、s back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the faint hum of a mosquito making its invisible and unimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sitting with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homer“s requiem; itself an Iliad
14、and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it; a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least s
15、omnolence in us; and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night. Little is to be expected of that day, if it can be called a day, to which we are not awakened by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some servitor, are not awakened by our o
16、wn newly acquired force and aspirations from within, accompanied by the undulations of celestial music, instead of factory bells, and a fragrance filling the airto a higher life than we fell asleep from; and thus the darkness bear its fruit, and prove itself to be good, no less than the light. That
17、man who does not believe that each day contains an earlier, more sacred, and auroral hour than he has yet profaned, has despaired of life, and is pursuing a descending and darkening way. After a partial cessation of his sensuous life, the soul of man, or its organs rather, are reinvigorated each day
18、, and his Genius tries again what noble life it can make. All memorable events, I should say, transpire in morning time and in a morning atmosphere. The Vedas say, “All intelligences awake with the morning. “ Poetry and art, and the fairest and most memorable of the actions of men, date from such an
19、 hour. All poets and heroes, like Memnon, are the children of Aurora, and emit their music at sunrise. To him whose elastic and vigorous thought keeps pace with the sun, the day is a perpetual morning. It matters not what the clocks say or the attitudes and labors of men. Morning is when I am awake
20、and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep. Why is it that men give so poor an account of their day if they have not been slumbering? They are not such poor calculators. If they had not been overcome with drowsiness, they would have performed something. The millions are
21、 awake enough for physical labor; but only one in a million is awake enough for effective intellectual exertion, only one in a hundred millions to a poetic or divine life. To be awake is to be alive. I have never yet met a man who was quite awake. How could I have looked him in the face?We must lear
22、n to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not forsake us in our soundest sleep. I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. It is something to be ab
23、le to paint a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so to make a few objects beautiful; but it is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look, which morally we can do. To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts. Every man is ta
24、sked to make his life, even in its details, worthy of the contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour. If we refused, or rather used up, such paltry information as we get, the oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately
25、, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. 1 did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to
26、live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meann
27、ess of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily con
28、cluded that it is the chief end of man here to “ glorify God and enjoy him forever.Still we live meanly, like ants; though the fable tells us that we were long ago changed into men; like pygmies we fight with cranes; it is error upon error, and clout upon clout, and our best virtue has for its occas
29、ion a superfluous and evitable wretchedness. Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not
30、 a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb-nail. In the midst of this chopping sea of civilized life, such are the clouds and storms and quicksands and thousand-and-one items to be allowed for, that a man has to live, if he would not found
31、er and go to the bottom and not make his port at all, by dead reckoning, and he must be a great calculator indeed who succeeds. Simplify, simplify. Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five, and reduce other things in proportion. Our life is like
32、 a German Confederacy, made up of petty states, with its boundary forever fluctuating, so that even a German cannot tell you how it is bounded at any moment. The nation itself, with all its so-called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy
33、 and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expense, by want of calculation and a worthy aim, as the million households in the land; and the only cure for it, as for them, is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan s
34、implicity of life and elevation of purpose. It lives too fast. Men think that it is essential that the Nation have commerce, and export ice, and talk through a telegraph, and ride thirty miles an hour, without a doubt, whether they do or not; but whether we should live like baboons or like men, is a
35、 little uncertain. If we do not get out sleepers, and forge rails, and devote days and nights to the work, but go to tinkering upon our lives to improve them, who will build railroads? And if railroads are not built, how shall we get to heaven in season? But if we stay at home and mind our business,
36、 who will want railroads? We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us. Did you ever think what those sleepers are that underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irishman, or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them. They ar
37、e sound sleepers, I assure you. And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon. And when they run over a man that is walking in his sleep, a supernumerary sleeper in the wrong position, and
38、 wake him up, they suddenly stop the cars, and make a hue and cry about it, as if this were an exception. I am glad to know that it takes a gang of men for every five miles to keep the sleepers down and level in their beds as it is, for this is a sign that they may sometime get up again.Why should w
39、e live with such hurry and waste of life? We are determined to be starved before we are hungry. Men say that a stitch in time saves nine, and so they take a thousand stitches today to save nine tomorrow. As for work, we haven“t any of any consequence. We have the Saint Vitus“ dance, and cannot possi
40、bly keep our heads still. If I should only give a few pulls at the parish bell-rope , as for a fire, that is, without setting the bell, there is hardly a man on his farm in the outskirts of Concord, notwithstanding that press of engagements which was his excuse so many times this morning, nor a boy,
41、 nor a woman, I might almost say, but would forsake all and follow that sound, not mainly to save property from the flames, but, if we will confess the truth, much more to see it burn, since burn it must, and we, be it known, did not set it on fireor to see it put out, and have a hand in it, if that
42、 is done as handsomely; yes, even if it were the parish church itself. Hardly a man takes a half-hour“s nap after dinner, but when he wakes he holds up his head and asks, “ What“s the news?“ as if the rest of mankind had stood his sentinels. Some give directions to be waked every half-hour, doubtles
43、s for no other purpose; and then, to pay for it, they tell what they have dreamed. After a night“s sleep the news is as indispensable as the breakfast. “ Pray tell me anything new that has happened to a man anywhere on this globe“and he reads it over his coffee and rolls, that a man has had his eyes gouged out this morning on the Wachito River; never dreaming the while that he lives in the dark unfathomed mammoth cave of t
