1、2013年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：156.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.A good teacher must know how to_his students to work hard at the subject he teaches.（分数：2.00）A.mortifyB.motivateC.multiplyD.muster2.We need all information_to the economic aspects of that companys activities.（分数：2
2、.00）A.perceptibleB.pertainingC.periodicD.persistent3.Our hotel can_double the number of guests participating in your conference.（分数：2.00）A.ascribeB.accommodateC.assertD.avert4.Most adults do not feel_to deal with a medical emergency involving a child.（分数：2.00）A.compatibleB.considerateC.competentD.co
3、nfidential5.All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _ slowly into the sky.（分数：2.00）A.ascendingB.elevatingC.floatingD.lingering6.Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their_ and the importance you place upon the relationsh
4、ip.（分数：2.00）A.solidarityB.priorityC.superiorityD.hospitality7.It was a very difficult examination, _he passed it with distinction.（分数：2.00）A.consequentlyB.moreoverC.neverthelessD.likewise8.He is a/ an_and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.（分数：2.00）A.obedient
5、B.transientC.consciousD.passionate9.He is the only person who can _ in this case because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.（分数：2.00）A.testifyB.chargeC.accuseD.rectify10.As the details of the project were rather vague, we decided to_the proposal.（分数：2.00）A.reclaimB.resignC.rejectD.resemble
6、11.It is from the earliest times_men have studied the world around them with interest.（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whereC.howD.that12._we had not made any mistakes in the calculations!（分数：2.00）A.But forB.If onlyC.LetD.Without13.How difficult it is_the modern world without oil.（分数：2.00）A.imaginingB.imaginedC.to
7、 imagineD.having imagined14.Man is superior to animals_he uses language to convey his thoughts.（分数：2.00）A.thatB.in thatC.whenD.in which15.Reading_the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（分数：2.00）A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes16._a position
8、with the company, I would have shown myself at the reception.（分数：2.00）A.Had IB.Have IC.Should ID.Had I had17.Most of what Bill said was_; only one or two minor points he made were not closely connected with the matter being discussed.（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.relativeC.relatedD.relating18.I like this jac
9、ket better than that one, but it costs twice_.（分数：2.00）A.as muchB.so muchC.that muchD.too much19.Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have_.（分数：2.00）A.the lessB.the leastC.the fewerD.the fewest20.Fred always_doing the washing-up by saying that he is busy wo
10、rking in the garden.（分数：2.00）A.gets out ofB.gets over withC.gets rid ofD.gets through with21.If you think you can do my job better than I can, you are welcome to_.（分数：2.00）A.take it downB.take it upC.take it overD.take it in22.Without a doubt, _the key issue in the Presidents campaign.（分数：2.00）A.is
11、taxation going to beB.is going taxation to beC.is going to be taxationD.taxation is going to be23.Catherine wont mind if you_her workload she needs the extra money.（分数：2.00）A.amount toB.add toC.put upD.go on24.The exchange of goodwill mission greatly _ a better understanding between the two countrie
12、s.（分数：2.00）A.carries outB.brings aroundC.breaks outD.contributes to25._the assignments are turned in before the end of this week.（分数：2.00）A.See it thatB.Make it sure thatC.Assure thatD.See that26.Light waves and heat waves are all electromagnetic. _are radio waves.（分数：2.00）A.SomeB.SuchC.AsD.So27.Eve
13、ry object in the universe,_large or small, has a tendency to move towards every other object.（分数：2.00）A.howB.soC.be itD.whether being28.Have a word with the manager_if hes willing to reduce the price.（分数：2.00）A.and to seeB.and seeC.and seeingD.so to see29.I think we_buy this one. Were not going to f
14、ind anything cheaper.（分数：2.00）A.may as wellB.would likeC.may wellD.can possibly30.In a few days youll be_by one of our staff and asked to complete a quick questionnaire.（分数：2.00）A.touchedB.contactedC.connectedD.associated二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disaster
15、s only after one has just struck them.【C1】_that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still【C2】_in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U. S. history, on【C3】_TV. Anyone who didnt know it before shou
16、ld have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made【C4】_worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our【C5】_to work together before everything goes to hell. Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the【C6】_condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthq
17、uake, and the locals immediately went to work【C7】_, in the same spot until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a【C8】_of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at【C9】_themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than
18、 we【C10】_did about the dangers we face. But it turns【C11】_that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is【C12】_the storm, the quake or the【C13】_itself. More often, it is ourselves. So what has happened in the year that【C14】_the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers h
19、as worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to【C15】_they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not【C16】_, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all【C17】_can be expected from one year of hustle. Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use bus
20、es and trains to【C18】_the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a【C19】_out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The【C20】_with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For
21、(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.naturalB.worldC.socialD.human(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.ret
22、rieving(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailing(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.everC.thenD.before(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.upB.downC.overD.out(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.merelyB.rarelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.surge
23、B.spurC.surfD.splash(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ensuedB.tracedC.followedD.occurred(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whereC.whatD.when(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.enoughB.certainC.conclusiveD.final(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.butB.asC.thatD.those(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.exileB.evacuateC.dismissD.displace(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.rideB.tr
24、ailC.pathD.track(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.conventionsB.notificationsC.communicationsD.negotiations三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Is happiness proportional to income to the money a person has? Is a man with two rooms and loaves of bread happier than a man with only one of each? Clearly poverty and
25、destitution(that is, having no room and no bread)do produce unhappiness. Obviously, men need money to buy the necessities of life. But this presents another question. How many rooms and how many loaves of bread(and thus how much money)does a man need? Most people in the Western world can satisfy a m
26、inimal requirement for the necessities of life, but they still desire to increase their incomes to buy more and more material possessions and status symbols. Why? The answer may be that as things are today, if a man is not rich, admiration and respect are not given him by other people. Accordingly t
27、his may be the chief reason why people wish to be richer and richer, as the actual goods or possessions play a secondary part to the envy or admiration that this wealth brings them. This veneration from other people may be a greater source of happiness than the money or possessions themselves. This
28、has not, however, always been true. In aristocratic ages men were admired for their birth and breeding. In other ages men would not have been respected if they had not proved their artistic excellence or learning. In India, for example, poor and saintly men are respected, and in China, the old and w
29、ise. In such circles many men are, as long as they have enough to live on, indifferent to money. They value more and are happier with the respect they merit for other reasons. The modern desire for wealth is not inherent in human nature, and varies with social values. If, by law, we all had exactly
30、the same income, we should have to find some other way of being superior to our peers, as most of our craving for material possessions would cease. Thus a general increase of wealth gives no competitive advantage to an individual and therefore brings him no competitive happiness.（分数：10.00）(1).Which
31、of the following is the authors point in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The more one earns, the more he wants.B.Rooms and bread are the only sources of happiness.C.One cant be happy without money.D.Poor people need money to buy the necessities of life.(2).Most people in the Western world_.（分数：2.00）A
32、.are not content with what they possessB.are not sure how many rooms they wantC.are satisfied with having minimal necessities of lifeD.consider happiness most important in life(3).According to the author, people seeking wealth are actually in pursuit of_.（分数：2.00）A.goodsB.scholarshipC.wisdomD.venera
33、tion(4).In India, people generally respect those who are_.（分数：2.00）A.old and wiseB.of high breedingC.poor and holyD.artistically excellent(5).The author suggests that Man would cease chasing after money if_.（分数：2.00）A.he were not born with the desire for itB.social values were emphasizedC.it did not
34、 carry sense of superiority with itD.laws were established to forbid all forms of competitionThe crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, increasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this dec
35、ade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janus-faced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when art
36、ists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences. America in the thirties was
37、 changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corpo
38、rations. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinherited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, parado
39、xically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues which were now threatened with o
40、bsolescence in a changed social and political context. In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American values self-reliance tempered with good-neighborlin
41、ess, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon
42、 to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genome need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a Godfearing, white-picket-fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age. In this light, an autonomous art-for-art
43、s sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The arguments drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because
44、most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they were surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along thi
45、s road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Hint wrote in Art News, “ We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second-, third-, and fourth string artists than
46、any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring circus. “（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstract art was seen as_.（分数：2.00）A.uniquely AmericaB.uniquely EuropeanC.imitative of Europ
47、ean modernismD.counter to American regionalism(2).The second paragraph deals mainly with in America_.（分数：2.00）A.the rapid growth of urban populationB.the impact of industrialization on rural lifeC.the disappearance of traditional valuesD.the changing scenes in religion and politics(3).According to t
48、he passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be_.（分数：2.00）A.reactionaryB.consistentC.dynamicD.melancholic(4).“The artificial standard“(Para 4)refers to the difference between standards of_.（分数：2.00）A.realism and abstract artB.politically oriented intellectuals and museum officialsC.European art and American artD.landscape painting and abstract painting(5).The best choice for the title the passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Thirties in Art: Reaction and RebellionB.America in the Thirties; A Changing TimeC.Thomas Hart Benton and RegionalismD.American Art: Appeal a
