1、2013 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication. Thus we say it has the property of_.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.displacementC.creativityD.dua
2、lity2.The_function of language enables our language to talk about itself.（分数：2.00）A.performativeB.emotiveC.phaticD.metalingual3.Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments?（分数：2.00）A.mB.lC.wD.s4.Which is the description of the consonantb?（分数：2.
3、00）A.voiceless bilabial stopB.voiced bilabial stopC.voiceless alveolar fricativeD.voiced alveolar fricative5.When preceding /p/, the negative prefix in-changes to im-through a process called _（分数：2.00）A.dissimilationB.bilabializationC.assimilationD.none of the above6.The number of morphemes in the w
4、ord girls is_.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four7.Which of the following is an endocentric compound?（分数：2.00）A.runawayB.playboyC.self-controlD.breakthrough8.Which of the following is not a bound root morpheme?（分数：2.00）A.-putB.-ceiveC.-mitD.-tain9.The word televise is created through the process of_.（分
5、数：2.00）A.blendingB.inventionC.back-formationD.borrowing10.The grammatical category which is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence is _.（分数：2.00）A.caseB.agreementC.tenseD.aspect11.Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable anto
6、nyms?（分数：2.00）A.good, badB.hit, missC.long, shortD.small, big12.The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that the relation between a word and a thing is mediated by_.（分数：2.00）A.referenceB.conceptC.controlD.dependency13.The following figures were very influential in the fie
7、ld of linguistics in the first two decades of the twentieth century except _.（分数：2.00）A.SaussureB.BloomfieldC.ChomskyD.Firth14.The principal and most obvious contrast between the last two centuries has been the rapid rise of_ linguistics, as opposed to _ linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.descriptive, historica
8、lB.structural, generativeC.functional, formalistD.structural, historical15.The Prague school was a group of Czech and other scholars, whose main interest lays in _ theory.（分数：2.00）A.phoneticB.phonologicalC.semanticD.syntactic16._usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated
9、 with the use of language.（分数：2.00）A.Cognitive linguisticsB.Corpus linguisticsC.PsycholinguisticsD.Neuro-linguistics17.Which of the following terms is included in psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）A.Register.B.Language acquisition.C.Metaphor.D.Interlanguage.18.Logic and Conversation was written by_.（分数：2.0
10、0）A.H. E GriceB.William JamesC.Stephen LevinsonD.John Austin19._ involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other.（分数：2.00）A.SimileB.MetaphorC.AlliterationD.Metonymy20.Modern linguistics began from _, who is often described as “father of modern linguistics“.（分数：
11、2.00）A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Saussure21.As an interdisciplinary study of language use, _ attempts to show the relationship between language and society.（分数：2.00）A.semanticsB.pragmaticsC.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguistics22.Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that childre
12、n are born with what he calls a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.Language Acquisition DeviceB.Generative GrammarC.Innateness HypothesisD.Universal Grammar23.According to the conversational maxim of_suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.（分数：2.00）A.quantityB.qualityC.relevanceD.Manner24._is a cognitive opera
13、tion whereby elements of two or more “mental spaces“ are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.（分数：2.00）A.The Referential TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.Blending Theory25._ is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis o
14、f utterances (or texts)in term of the information they contain.（分数：2.00）A.Functional Sentence PerspectiveB.X-bar TheoryC.The Standard TheoryD.The Referential Theory26.Which of the following is not related to Chomsky?（分数：2.00）A.The Generative Grammar.B.The Standard Theory.C.The Systemic-Functional Th
15、eory.D.The Classical Theory.27.Which of the following is not the principle of Speech Act Theory?（分数：2.00）A.Illocutionary act.B.Locutionary act.C.Perlocutionary act.D.Prelocutionary act.28.It is a commonplace in linguistics to say that _ was the era of the comparative and historical study of language
16、.（分数：2.00）A.the 18th centuryB.the 19th centuryC.the 17 th centuryD.the 20 th century29.Three of the following scholars are regarded as the best known ones in the linguistic science of the early nineteenth century except_.（分数：2.00）A.F. BoppB.R. RaskC.J. GrimmD.K. Verner30.The major linguistic controv
17、ersy in the last quarter of the 19th century was concerned with what is now referred to as _.（分数：2.00）A.the prosodic phonologyB.the systemic grammarC.the neogrammarianD.the Generative Grammar二、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Distinctive Feature（分数：2.00）_32.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis（分数：2.00）_33.Immediate Constit
18、uent Analysis（分数：2.00）_34.Relevance Theory（分数：2.00）_35.Contrastive Analysis（分数：2.00）_三、写作题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)36.Judge which of the following sentences are grammatically ill-formed or well-formed and give your reasons why they are acceptable or unacceptable.(100 - 150 words)He said a few words to the pre
19、ss.He said to the press.He said to the press a few words.He said a few words.He said a few words the press.He said the press a few words.（分数：2.00）_37.One way of formalizing, or making absolutely precise, the sense-relations that hold among lexemes is by means of Componential Analysis, that is, to fi
20、nd a minimal pair between every two items. For example, （分数：2.00）_38.Austin“s first shot at his Speech Act Theory is his claim that there are two types of sentences; PERFORMATIVES and CONSTATIVES. Please state what they are and illustrate them with examples.(100 - 150 words).（分数：2.00）_39.Speculative
21、 grammar includes Thomas Aquinas“s inquiry based on Priscian“s grammar and Donapus“ grammar, Petrus Helias“ philosophical and logical explanation of Priscian“s grammar and Roger Bacon“s universal account of language under the surface of diversity. Please give your comments on their work and give you
22、r own ideas of the universality and diversity of human languages.(100 - 150 words)（分数：2.00）_2013 年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.
23、Thus we say it has the property of_.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.displacement C.creativityD.duality解析：解析：考查语言的移位性特征。移位性是指语言使用者可以不受时间和空间的限制，用符号代表当下不在场的事物或概念。2.The_function of language enables our language to talk about itself.（分数：2.00）A.performativeB.emotiveC.phaticD.metalingual 解析：解析：考查元语言功能。元语言功能指可以用语
24、言来讨论语言本身。3.Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments?（分数：2.00）A.mB.lC.wD.s 解析：解析：考查音位特征。m、l和w均为带声音段(voiced)，而s为不带声音段(voiceless)。4.Which is the description of the consonantb?（分数：2.00）A.voiceless bilabial stopB.voiced bilabial stop C.voiceless
25、alveolar fricativeD.voiced alveolar fricative解析：解析：考查b在辅音中的分类音位特征。b是一个浊辅音，按发音方法来看，属于爆破音，按发音位置来看，属于双唇音。5.When preceding /p/, the negative prefix in-changes to im-through a process called _（分数：2.00）A.dissimilationB.bilabializationC.assimilation D.none of the above解析：解析：考查同化现象。同化现象指一个音获得邻音的某些或全部特征的过程。前
26、面的音影响后面的音被称为顺同化，后面的音影响前面的音被称为逆同化。6.The number of morphemes in the word girls is_.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.two C.threeD.four解析：解析：考查词素。girl 是一个自由词素，一 s 是一个表示复数的屈折词素。7.Which of the following is an endocentric compound?（分数：2.00）A.runawayB.playboyC.self-control D.breakthrough解析：解析：考查向心复合词。复合词包括向心复合词和离心复合词。向心复合词的
27、中心成分是从动词派生出来的，第一个成分通常是动词的参与者；离心复合词由动词+名词形容词介词构成。8.Which of the following is not a bound root morpheme?（分数：2.00）A.-put B.-ceiveC.-mitD.-tain解析：解析：考查粘着词根。粘着词根是指不能独立出现的词根。A 项 put 可独立出现，其余三项均不可。9.The word televise is created through the process of_.（分数：2.00）A.blendingB.inventionC.back-formation D.borrow
28、ing解析：解析：考查逆构词法。逆构词法是指把一个语言中已经存在的较长单词删去想象中的词缀，由此造出一个较短的单词。10.The grammatical category which is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence is _.（分数：2.00）A.case B.agreementC.tenseD.aspect解析：解析：考查语法范畴。名词的语法范畴有：数(number)、性(gender)、格(case)，动词的则
29、包括时态(tense)和体(aspect)。格(case)范畴是用来辨别句中词与词之间的句法关系的。11.Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable antonyms?（分数：2.00）A.good, badB.hit, miss C.long, shortD.small, big解析：解析：考查反义关系。反义关系包括等级反义和互补反义。等级反义词可以表现不同程度的差别，主要是形容词。12.The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that t
30、he relation between a word and a thing is mediated by_.（分数：2.00）A.referenceB.concept C.controlD.dependency解析：解析：考查语义三角。奥格登和瑞恰兹在意义的意义中提出了“语义三角”，指出词和所指事物之间没有直接关系，而是以概念为中介的。13.The following figures were very influential in the field of linguistics in the first two decades of the twentieth century excep
31、t _.（分数：2.00）A.SaussureB.BloomfieldC.Chomsky D.Firth解析：解析：考查语言学家在语言学史上的出现时间。乔姆斯基于 20 世纪 50 年代后期出现在语言学界的舞台上，1957 年出版的句法结构标志着其对传统语法的革命。14.The principal and most obvious contrast between the last two centuries has been the rapid rise of_ linguistics, as opposed to _ linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.descriptive,
32、historicalB.structural, generativeC.functional, formalistD.structural, historical 解析：解析：考查语言学史。在 19 世纪，历史语言学占主导地位，语言学家们致力于对不同语言进行比较分析，揭示语言间的亲属关系以及它们的历史发展。20 世纪初，瑞士语言学家索绪尔出版了普通语言学教程，奠定了结构主义语言学的基础。15.The Prague school was a group of Czech and other scholars, whose main interest lays in _ theory.（分数：2.
33、00）A.phoneticB.phonological C.semanticD.syntactic解析：解析：考查布扎格学派。布拉格学派以其对音系学的研究最为著名。此外，该学派还区分了音位学和音系学。16._usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.（分数：2.00）A.Cognitive linguisticsB.Corpus linguisticsC.Psycholinguistics D.Neuro-linguistics解析：解析：考查
34、心理语言学。心理语言学是研究与语言使用相关的心理状态和心理活动的。17.Which of the following terms is included in psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）A.Register.B.Language acquisition. C.Metaphor.D.Interlanguage.解析：解析：考查心理语言学。语言习得是心理语言学的中心研究课题之一。18.Logic and Conversation was written by_.（分数：2.00）A.H. E Grice B.William JamesC.Stephen Levinson
35、D.John Austin解析：解析：考查语言学家和对应的著作。格赖斯在逻辑与对话中提出了合作原则。19._ involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other.（分数：2.00）A.SimileB.Metaphor C.AlliterationD.Metonymy解析：解析：考查隐喻的概念。隐喻涉及两个概念的比较，一个概念借用另一个概念加以识解或诠释。A项是明喻，即把一种事物和另一种事物作比较，并通过展现一种事物如何与另一事物相似来解释这种事物。C 项是头韵，指两个单词或
36、两个单词以上的首字母相同，形成悦耳的读音，如：first andforemost(首先)。D 项转喻是以某一物体名替代另一物体名。20.Modern linguistics began from _, who is often described as “father of modern linguistics“.（分数：2.00）A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Saussure 解析：解析：考查现代语言学之父。索绪尔被称为现代语言学之父。21.As an interdisciplinary study of language use, _ attempts
37、to show the relationship between language and society.（分数：2.00）A.semanticsB.pragmaticsC.sociolinguistics D.psycholinguistics解析：解析：考查社会语言学。社会语言学是一门跨学科、研究语言使用的学科，其目标是揭示语言与社会的关系。22.Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a(an)_.（分数：2.00）A.Languag
38、e Acquisition Device B.Generative GrammarC.Innateness HypothesisD.Universal Grammar解析：解析：考查天赋假设。乔姆斯基认为语言是某种天赋，儿童天生就具有一种语言学习的能力，叫做“语言习得机制”。23.According to the conversational maxim of_suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.（分数：2.00）A.quantityB.quality C.relevanceD.Manner解析：解析：考查合作原则的四项准则。说话的真
39、实性是符合质量准则。24._is a cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more “mental spaces“ are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.（分数：2.00）A.The Referential TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.Blending Theory 解析：解析：考查整合理论。整合理论是一种认知操作，两个或更多的心理空
40、间的元素投射到一个新的整合的空间，该空间有着自己独特的结构。25._ is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances (or texts)in term of the information they contain.（分数：2.00）A.Functional Sentence Perspective B.X-bar TheoryC.The Standard TheoryD.The Referential Theory解析：解析：考查句子功能前景。句子功能前景是布拉格学派的语言分析理论，指
41、用所含信息来分析话语或篇章，其基本原则是评价话语中每一个部分对全句意义的贡献。26.Which of the following is not related to Chomsky?（分数：2.00）A.The Generative Grammar.B.The Standard Theory.C.The Systemic-Functional Theory. D.The Classical Theory.解析：解析：考查乔姆斯基的理论。转换生成语法、标准理论和古典理论都属于乔姆斯基的理论。系统功能语法理论是由韩礼德提出来的。27.Which of the following is not th
42、e principle of Speech Act Theory?（分数：2.00）A.Illocutionary act.B.Locutionary act.C.Perlocutionary act.D.Prelocutionary act. 解析：解析：考查言语行为理论。青语行为理论包括发话行为、行事行为和取效行为。28.It is a commonplace in linguistics to say that _ was the era of the comparative and historical study of language.（分数：2.00）A.the 18th cen
43、turyB.the 19th century C.the 17 th centuryD.the 20 th century解析：解析：考查历史比较语言学一历史比较语言学在 19 世纪的欧洲占绝对主导地位，其原因是学者发现印度梵语，并在 18 世纪末证实了梵语与希腊语、拉丁语和德语有无可争辩的历史联系。29.Three of the following scholars are regarded as the best known ones in the linguistic science of the early nineteenth century except_.（分数：2.00）A.F
44、. BoppB.R. RaskC.J. GrimmD.K. Verner 解析：解析：考查语言学家的所属年代。德国的葆朴、丹麦的拉斯克和德国的格里姆是 19 世纪初期历史比较语言学的奠基人。维尔纳是 19 世纪后半叶的语言学家，他补充了格里姆定律，完善了音变规律研究。30.The major linguistic controversy in the last quarter of the 19th century was concerned with what is now referred to as _.（分数：2.00）A.the prosodic phonologyB.the sys
45、temic grammarC.the neogrammarian D.the Generative Grammar解析：解析：考查语言学史知识。19 世纪的最后 25 年是历史比较语言学的“新语法学派”时期。这个学派的代表人物是奥斯特霍夫(HOsthoff)和布鲁克曼(KBrugmann)，他们在自己创办的刊物形态学研究上正式宣布：语音演变规律不允许任何例外。“维尔纳定律”是这一时期的一项重要研究成果。二、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Distinctive Feature（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：A means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds, first suggested by Roman Jacobson in the 1940s and then developed by numerous other scholars.)解析：解析：(考查对语音区别特征的理解)32.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis（分数：2.00）_
