1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-47 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Amazon today unveiled Dash Buttons, an easy way for customers to 1 select bulk goods 2 an internet-connected button, and yesterday 3 Home Services, an on-demand installation and handyman service. Combined, they show that
2、the e-commerce giant has a clear understanding of how the Internet-of-things will 4 its business. And it isn“t going to be shy about capitalizing on connectivity to build its bottom line. Dash Buttons are an adaptation of Amazon“s 5 -controlled Dash ordering system that lets people speak to order ne
3、w 6 items. So 7 Amazon has is a retrofit strategy for connecting smart appliances to its e-commerce operations and a future-facing strategy for the coming flood of 8 devices. And all of this is geared around making buying products from Amazon as easy as possible. The 9 of one-button tasks are appeal
4、ing, 10 it could lead to a 11 of packages ending up at people“s doors if Amazon doesn“t try to 12 waste on its end, by grouping shipments together when possible. People on Twitter seem mostly 13 about pets and small children playing with the Dash Buttons and ordering multiples of their Kraft Macaron
5、i and Cheese boxes, although Amazon notes that 14 the button is pressed more than once, the order doesn“t go 15 on the second time, and you“ll get a smartpbone notification about it. Amazon also recently launched Home Services, following up on last year“s opening of a home automation e-store devoted
6、 to connected gadgets for the homemany of which require a 16 in staller. So now Amazon can sell these devices along with the person who can install them. It also is 17 on maintenance, via a network of service providers that it can call 18 for its network of suppliers or for its own planned connected
7、 home play. With Dash, it“s 19 an offensive play to 20 up more sales as devices come online. With Amazon Home Services, it“s making a defensive play as other large companies try to become more vertically integrated.（分数：10.00）A.chooseB.buyC.orderD.getA.viaB.onC.aroundD.atA.publishedB.launchedC.announ
8、cedD.releasedA.benefitB.influenceC.harmD.threatenA.numeralB.soundC.gestureD.voiceA.foodB.groceryC.digitD.automationA.thatB.whichC.whatD.whenA.connectedB.personalC.automaticD.electronicA.uncertaintyB.complexityC.creativityD.simplicityA.andB.soC.althoughD.becauseA.pileB.messC.packD.groupA.minimizeB.de
9、creaseC.stopD.controlA.carefulB.curiousC.concernedD.sympatheticA.whenB.thoughC.unlessD.ifA.downB.throughC.offD.outA.professionalB.specialC.specificD.amateurA.attendingB.emphasizingC.focusingD.commentingA.atB.forC.inD.onA.applyingB.makingC.takingD.gettingA.riseB.makeC.ringD.put二、Section Reading Co(总题
10、数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countr
11、ies by reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year. Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims has crum
12、bled. Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification (GM) corn. Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument aga
13、inst GM crops one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM maize. There is n
14、ow no serious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. Th
15、is will require doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear. If the Green revolution had never happened,
16、and yields had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases
17、 and pests, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming, such as grains that fix their own nitrogen. Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to prevent
18、 smallpox inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of obscurantism and unscientific belief.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “contributes to“ (Para. 1) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.brings toB.leads toC.results fromD.introduces into(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the ac
19、tions of environmentalists are reasonableB.many studies have found the bad effects of GM cropsC.the study has aroused fierce arguments about GM cropsD.the French bans all GM crops(3).In 2050, one of the biggest challenges of mankind is _.（分数：2.00）A.to provide food for at least 9 billion peopleB.to d
20、evelop more cultivable landC.to produce treble food on roughly the same area of landD.to prevent droughts and floods(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.GM crops boost the output.B.GM crops are helpful to the wild habitat.C.GM crops are more resistant to various
21、 disasters.D.GM crops could vastly increase the productivity of farming.(5).What is the author“s attitude toward genetically modified crops?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Disinterested.D.Ambiguous.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for colle
22、ge? For one thing, it appears that people with student loans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses. The correlation makes sense. People normally have only a
23、 certain amount of “debt capacity“. When students use up their “debt capacity“ on student loans, they can“t commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneur“s personal debt capacity in financing a start-up business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged via bankruptcy, can have l
24、asting effects later in life and may impact the ability of future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, “if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, you“re going to harm the economy,“ said Brent Ambrose, a professor of r
25、isk management at Pennsylvania State University. Student loan debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been steeper for people with a
26、 history of student loan debt and has continued even as the housing market has recovered. Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 study by Jesse Rothstein of
27、 the University of California, Berkeley, and Cecilia Elena Rouse of Princeton. They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students“ financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogether. Before the new po
28、licy started in the early 2000s, students were more likely to choose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector. In many cases, the choices that student borrowers make are just c
29、ommon sense, based on the financial realities they face. If society wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about “debt capacity“?（分数：2.00）A.People with studen
30、t loans, generally speaking, have almost used up their “debt capacity“.B.All the people have a certain amount of “debt capacity“ no matter they have loans or not.C.For those people who took student loans, their “debt capacity“ are weaker than others.D.Entrepreneur“s “debt capacity“ should be stronge
31、r since it is crucial in financing situation.(2).The quotation in Paragraph 2 implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.job opportunities are disappearing in high speedB.economic development can be held back by student loansC.small business survival is insignificant and meaninglessD.more and more commercial opportu
32、nities have been created(3).We can infer from Rothstein and Elena“s research that _.（分数：2.00）A.with lots of student loans, people will repress their desires of homeownershipB.without student loans, college graduates prefer to choose high-reward jobsC.without the burden of paying back loans, people w
33、ill get more freedom of job choiceD.although many colleges have financial capacity to support students, they refuse to do so(4).Be a person with student loans, one would like to _.（分数：2.00）A.run his/her own businessB.invest in real estateC.dedicate to public welfareD.become a high-paid employee(5).W
34、hat“s the focus of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A recent research about student debt.B.The ripple effects of student debt.C.Rules of applying loans in colleges.D.Career choice of contemporary youth.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Nationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The ove
35、r-50s control 80% of Britain“s wealth, and like to spend it on houses and high-street shopping. The young “generation rent“, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liable to shop online. People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 resta
36、urant spending by those aged 65-74 increased by 33%, while the un- der-30s spent 18% less. And while the young still struggle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older
37、entrepreneurs. Pensioners also support the working population by volunteering: some 100 retirees in Christchurch help out as business mentors. Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster, and greatly prefer to cluster in Lon
38、don. Even supposed meccas like Manchester are ageing: clubs in that city are becoming members-only. Towns that aim too young, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed La Senzas (a lingerie chain) and struggling tattoo parlours. Companies often lag behind local author
39、ities in working this out. They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic heft of the oldwho are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing reckons Britain could be on the verge of a
40、 marketing surge directed at the grey pound, “similar to what we saw with the pink“. The window will not remain open forever: soon the baby boomers will start to ail, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement. Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the tow
41、ns that draw them are likely to grow more and more pleasant. Decent restaurants and nice shops spring up in the favoured haunts of the old, just as they do in the trendy, revamped boroughs of London. Latimer House, a Christchurch furniture store full of retro clothing and 1940s music, would not look
42、 out of place in Hackney. Improved high streets then entice customers of all ages. Indeed, gentrification and gentrification can look remarkably similar. Old folk and young hipsters are similarly fond of vinyl and typewriters, and wander about in outsized spectacles. Some people never lose their edg
43、e.（分数：10.00）(1).The ageing population can be locally a boon in Britain in that _.（分数：2.00）A.old folks hold 80% of Britain“s wealthB.older people spend more money on high-street shoppingC.older people tend to buy big houses than rent housesD.the elderly like shopping online(2).Compared with the under
44、-30s, older people _.（分数：2.00）A.have stronger purchasing powerB.retire earlier during the financial crisisC.are liable to be entrepreneursD.make more money by working as business mentors(3).We can learn that most small towns and cities _.（分数：2.00）A.easily capture a cluster of young professionalsB.at
45、tract high concentrations of youth to local clubsC.should change the position that aims too youngD.vigorously develop tattoo parlous(4).According to Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing, _.（分数：2.00）A.the old stick with products they learned to love in their youthB.the baby boomers also favour pin
46、k as we seeC.the grey market will not grow foreverD.Britain will have a marketing surge aiming at old folks(5).It can be inferred that Hackney is a borough _.（分数：2.00）A.with retro styleB.with trendy atmosphereC.playing 1940s musicD.mainly selling furniture七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Is it a vital inter
47、est of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are a
48、cting on these principles, retreating from the humanities. I“ve been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakaria“s smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education . Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons t
49、he humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well. First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those wh
