1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理假设及答案解析(总分：365.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Springtowns fire department wants the town council to buy it another ladder truck. These trucks are useful in fighting fires in high-rise buildings. The town council argues, however, that Springtown has only two high-rise buildings, and it already owns e
2、nough ladder trucks to fight any fires there. So, they say, Springtown does not need another ladder truck.The town councils argument assumes that（分数：5.00）A.Springtown cannot afford to buy another ladder truck.B.Springtowns high-rise buildings all meet or exceed current fire safety standards.C.the nu
3、mber of high-rise buildings in Springtown is likely to grow.D.at least one of Springtowns ladder trucks is not due to be permanently removed from service in the immediate future.E.(E) it is possible to fight fires successfully in high-rise buildings without using ladder trucks.2.Bracken, a poisonous
4、 weed, is spreading and damaging much pastureland in the Northern Hemisphere. One potentially inexpensive and self-sustaining countermeasure is to introduce natural enemies of the plant; therefore, some scientists have proposed to control bracken by a release of brackeneating moths native to the Sou
5、thern Hemisphere into brackeninfested areas in the Northern Hemisphere.If the scientists proposal for controlling bracken is adopted, which of the following is a necessary condition for its success?（分数：5.00）A.That bracken in the Northern Hemisphere grows in approximately the same climates and soil c
6、onditions in which it grows in the Southern Hemisphere.B.That the released moths will feed on weeds other than bracken that are native to the Northern Hemisphere.C.That the livestock that will return to pastures now lost to bracken will develop immunities to the diseases caused by bracken.D.That the
7、 released moths will survive in sufficient numbers to build a population large enough to reduce bracken and retard its growth.E.(E) That traditional methods of control, such as burning, cutting, and chemical spraying, will not become less expensive or labor-intensive than they are now.3.The workers
8、at Bell Manufacturing will shortly go on strike unless the management increases their wages. As Bells president is well aware, however, in order to increase the workers wages, Bell would have to sell off some of its subsidiaries. So, some of Bells subsidiaries will be sold.The conclusion above is pr
9、operly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?（分数：5.00）A.Bell Manufacturing will begin to suffer increased losses.B.Bells management will refuse to increase its workers wages.C.The workers at Bell Manufacturing will not be going on strike.D.Bells president has the authority to offer the work
10、ers their desired wage increase.E.(E) Bells workers will not accept a package of improved benefits in place of their desired wage increase.4.The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twins bra
11、in are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.Which one of the followi
12、ng is an assumption required by the argument?（分数：5.00）A.The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.B.The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medicatio
13、ns used in its treatment.C.The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of a person who is not a twin.D.When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size.E.(E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely t
14、o suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.5.It has been hypothesized that much of the matter in the universe is “dark,“ i.e., unseen. Studies have shown that galaxies in many galaxy clusters are moving faster with respect to one another than they would if visible stars constituted all their
15、mass. The studies suggest that the galaxies are moving under the gravitational influence of unseen mass in considerable quantity.Which of the following is an assumption underlying the passage above?（分数：5.00）A.Measurements of the speed of moving galaxies are extremely unreliable.B.The workings of gra
16、vitational forces are not particularly well understood.C.The aggregate mass of visible stars in the galaxies mentioned above can be estimated with some confidence.D.The general composition of unseen matter in the universe has been determined.E.(E) Without exception, the galaxies mentioned above move
17、 toward one another.6.In the 1960s, long-term studies of primate behavior often used as subjects tamarins, small monkeys that were thought ideal because they require only small cages, breed frequently, and grow quickly. Field studies were not used because they were costly and difficult. Tamarins wer
18、e kept caged in male-female pairs, because otherwise, serious fights erupted between unrelated females. On the basis of the fact that breeding occurred, tamarins were viewed as monogamous.The view taken by the researchers concerning the monogamy of tamarins depended on a questionable assumption. Whi
19、ch of the following could have served as that assumption?（分数：5.00）A.The suppression of fighting between related females serves to protect their common genetic inheritance.B.Adult male tamarins contribute to the care of tamarin infants.C.The social system of tamarins requires monogamous pairing.D.Mal
20、e tamarin monkeys do not display aggressive behavior in the wild.E.(E) The way the tamarins were kept in cages did not affect their mating behavior.7.Within 20 years it will probably be possible to identify the genetic susceptibility an individual may have toward any particular disease. Eventually,
21、effective strategies will be discovered to counteract each such susceptibility. Once these effective strategies are found, therefore, .the people who follow them will never get sick.The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?（分数：5.00）A.For every disease there is only one strat
22、egy that can prevent its occurrence.B.In the future, genetics will be the only medical specialty of any importance.C.All human sicknesses are in part the result of individuals genetic susceptibilities.D.All humans are genetically susceptible to some diseases.E.(E) People will follow medical advice w
23、hen they are convinced that it is effective.8.A child watching television experiences a procession of sights and sounds that flash from the screen just long enough for the eyes and ears to take them in. Unlike the pages of a book, which can be read as slowly or as quickly as the child wishes, televi
24、sion images appear with a relentless velocity that stunts rather than. enhances the childs powers of imagination.The view expressed above is based on an assumption. Of the following, which can best serve as that assumption?（分数：5.00）A.When allowed to choose a form of entertainment, children will pref
25、er reading to watching television.B.A childs imagination cannot be properly stimulated unless the child has access both to television and to books.C.A childs imagination can develop more fully when the child is able to control the pace of its entertainment.D.Children should be taught to read as soon
26、 as they are able to understand what they see on television.E.(E) A childs reaction to different forms of sensory stimuli cannot be predicted, since every child is different.9.To provide extra revenue for improving city bus service, the mayor of Greenville proposed a fare increase. The director of t
27、he bus service, however, pointed out that the previous bus fare increase had resulted in so many regular riders abandoning the bus system altogether that revenues from bus service had decreased. Another fare increase, the director argued, would only lead to another revenue drop.The directors argumen
28、t depends on which of the following assumptions?（分数：5.00）A.The previous fare increase was the same amount as the proposed fare increase.B.Fare increases do not necessarily lead to lower revenues from city bus service.C.A decrease in fares would result in increased ridership and increased revenues fr
29、om bus service.D.The fare increase would make Greenvilles bus service much more expensive than bus services in other comparable cities.E.(E) Some of the people currently using the bus have the option of not traveling by bus.10.Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produce
30、d papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times
31、 on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?（分数：5.00）A.Prolific writers can inflate the number of cit
32、ations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.B.It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.C.The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the res
33、earch it reports.D.The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.E.(E) International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.11.N
34、o computer will ever be able to do everything that some human minds can do, for there are some problems that cannot be solved by following any set of mechanically applicable rules. Yet computers can only solve problems by following some set of mechanically applicable rules.Which one of the following
35、 is an assumption on which the argument depends?（分数：5.00）A.At least one problem solvable by following some set of mechanically applicable rules is not solvable by any human mind.B.At least one problem not solvable by following any set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by at least one huma
36、n mind.C.At least one problem solvable by following some set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by every human mind.D.Every problem that is solvable by following more than one set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by almost every human mind.E.(E) Every problem that is solvable b
37、y following at least one set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by at least one human mind.12.Some people assert that prosecutors should be allowed to introduce illegally obtained evidence in criminal trials if the judge and jury can be persuaded that the arresting officer was not aware of
38、 violating or did not intend to violate the law while seizing the evidence. This proposed “good-faith exception“ would weaken everyones constitutional protection, lead to less careful police practices, and promote lying by law enforcement officers in court.The argument above for maintaining the proh
39、ibition against illegally obtained evidence assumes that（分数：5.00）A.defendants in criminal cases should enjoy greater protection from the law than other citizens do.B.law enforcement authorities need to be encouraged to pursue criminals assiduously.C.the legal system will usually find ways to ensure
40、that real crimes do not go unprosecuted.D.the prohibition now deters some unlawful searches and seizures.E.(E) courts should consider the motives of law enforcement officers in deciding whether evidence brought forward by the officers is admissible in a trial.13.Last year, support for the social and
41、 behavioral sciences represented only about three percent of the governments total budget for research funds in the United States. Thus, the particularly sharp reductions imposed on such programs this year seem dictated not by financial constraints but by social philosophy.Which of the following is
42、an assumption on which the conclusion of the passage above is based?（分数：5.00）A.The government funds allocated for research in the, social and behavioral sciences are not sufficient for the work that needs to be done.B.The social and behavioral sciences are as valuable as the physical and biological
43、sciences.C.The current reductions will stop research in the social and behavioral sciences.D.Government funding is the primary source of research money in the United States.E.(E) Three percent is an insignificant portion of the governments total budget for research funds.14.A thorough search of Edga
44、r Allan Poes correspondence has turned up not a single letter in which be mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Poes reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue.Which of the f
45、ollowing is assumed by the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to morphine did not begin to circulate until after his death.B.None of the reports of Poes supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actually knew Poe.C.Poes income from writing would not h
46、ave been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.D.Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.E.(E) Fear of the consequences would not have prevented Poe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine.15.Editori
47、al:Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants; after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated by coal
48、 and oilburning power plants, the most important other sources of energy.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?（分数：5.00）A.Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harm
49、more serious than the harm their operation has already caused.B.Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal and oil-burning power plants.C.The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has been significant.D.The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants.E.(E) The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the poll
